中国碳排放:国际比较与减排战略   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周伟  米红 《资源科学》2010,32(8):1570-1577

利用MARKAL-MACRO模型,对中国(2010年-2050年)未来能源消费产生的二氧化碳进行预测,并依据人口增长与城市化水平、宏观经济、能源效率、能源结构模拟了碳排放的基准方案。在基准方案下,中国的一次能源需求将在2042年达到峰值62.81亿tce,万元GDP能耗在2050年下降到0.36tce。能源相关的二氧化碳排放在2036达到峰值107.53亿t。国际间二氧化碳排放量的比较表明,中国作为发展中国家,在全球碳减排中承担较少责任。由于大量消耗化石燃料造成严重的国内环境污染,基于减缓气候变化和环境污染损失的考虑,中国需要限制化石能源的使用,降低二氧化碳排放。在优化方案下,中国的一次能源需求会在2031年达到峰值51.76亿tce,万元GDP能耗在2050年下降到0.26tce;二氧化碳排放峰值出现在2029年,为95.27亿t。要实现优化方案,中国经济需要向低碳经济转型,提高能源效率,扩大清洁能源的比重。  相似文献   

Extension Agents' Awareness of Climate Change in Ethiopia     

Dagmawi M. Abegaz  Padraig Wims 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2015,21(5):479-495

Purpose: The fact that highly vulnerable countries like Ethiopia face far greater challenges from climate change makes agricultural adaptation a top priority. Even though the public agriculture extension system in Ethiopia plays a central role in facilitating and supporting adaptation, very limited information is available on how aware the actual extension agents (EAs) are regarding the issue. Therefore, this research attempts to provide a specific insight on the current level of awareness and understanding of EAs regarding climate change.

Methodology: Survey questionnaires and semi-structured key-informant interviews were used to collect primary data from extension agents and decision-makers.

Findings: Results indicated that generally EAs had a good perception of climate change as well as its impact on agriculture & natural resource use and availability. Also, there was a consensus among EAs regarding certain changes in weather patterns and the frequency of extreme events. Weaknesses and challenges concerning the level of priority given to climate change and adaptation, capacity-building efforts and access to resources were identified as well.

Practical implications: Identified challenges imply the need for a synchronized approach towards climate change adaptation and capacity-building to enhance EAs awareness on the issue. Also, the findings highlight the urgent necessity to prioritize climate change as an extension programming issue and to develop clear mitigation and adaptation approaches.

Originality/value: This research is original and highly valuable to identify weaknesses and strengths regarding EAs' awareness of climate change adaptation.  相似文献   

中文概要     

Yue-ping XU  Chong MA  Su-li PAN  Qian ZHU  Qi-hua RAN 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2014,15(3):219-230

研究目的：以空间相关系数、降雨最和降雨次数为指标,利用实测的气象数据,评估一个新的多站天气发生器GiST在中国东部钱塘江流域模拟降雨的性能。任此基础上,结合全球气候模式Hadgem2-ES,分析在浓度路径RCP8．5下GiST模拟2071-100年的降雨情况。  相似文献   

How and when information proactiveness leads to operational firm performance in the banking sector of Pakistan? The roles of open innovation,creative cognitive style,and climate for innovation     

《International Journal of Information Management》2021

Utilizing the assumptions of the Resource-based theory, this study examined how and why new, rare, and inimitable resources in the form of information proactiveness motivation influence operational firm performance. We hypothesized open innovation as a mediator between information proactiveness motivation and operational firm performance. We also hypothesized the interactive effects of an individual’s creative cognitive style and information proactiveness motivation on open innovation whereas climate for innovation and open innovation jointly influence operational firm performance. A temporally segregated data (n = 260) was collected in three-time intervals from employees working in the banking sector of Islamabad, Pakistan. Utilizing the PROCESS approach, the findings of the study indicate that open innovation mediates the relationship between information proactiveness motivation, and operational firm performance. Moreover, the creative cognitive style was found to moderate the relationship between information proactiveness motivation and open innovation whereas climate for innovation emerged as a moderator between open innovation and operational firm performance. This research focused on unique information and contextual resources which directly and indirectly play significant roles in promoting the firm's open innovation and subsequent operational firm performance.  相似文献   

模糊法优化ClimateQUALTM的实证研究     

韩靖 《情报探索》2014,(6):24-27

介绍了ClimateQUALTM的概念和评测方法,对康奈尔大学图书馆和其他9个图书馆的调查数据进行分析,应用模糊法对ClimateQUALTM评估方法做后期数据处理和统计分析,得到平均满意度,以期进一步完善和优化这一评价方法体系.  相似文献   

伦理氛围与主动伦理行为关系研究     

薛熠呈  林小兰 《科技广场》2014,(6):162-165

近年来,我国社会变革正处于攻坚期,人们价值观多元化,在对自身的利益肯定和诉求下,企业责任失控、利益失衡、经济失信等事件层出不穷。因此,如何改善组织和员工的伦理行为是企业管理者亟待解决的重要问题之一。本文通过对伦理氛围、主动伦理行为及其关系深入研究,从而帮助组织营造积极的伦理氛围。  相似文献   

基于Budyko假设评估洮儿河流域中上游气候变化的径流影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李斌  李丽娟  覃驭楚  梁丽乔  李九一  柳玉梅 《资源科学》2011,33(1):70-76

洮儿河流域中上游为我国东北典型生态敏感地区,近几十年来由于受到人类活动与气候变化的综合影响,一系列生态问题开始凸显。为更好的进行水资源管理,迫切需要准确评估气候变化及人类活动对径流的影响。本文基于Penman-Monteith公式计算研究区及其周边气象站点的潜在蒸散发,采用非参数Mann-Kendall检验及滑动T检验识别径流、降水及潜在蒸散发的趋势及突变点。发现作为整个研究区控制站点,洮南站年径流具有明显上升趋势并以1985年为突变点,据此将研究时段划分为基准期及变化期。然后利用降水及潜在蒸散数据,基于6种Budyko公式评估气候变化对年径流影响,结果表明气候因素约占45%。研究结论证实了人类活动对流域水文过程的确具有显著影响,增进了对该区水文水资源的认识。  相似文献   

黄河源区植被净初级生产力时空变化特征及其对气候要素的响应   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐浩杰  杨太保 《资源科学》2013,35(10):2024-2031

以2000-2010年MODIS NPP数据为基础,并结合该区同期气温和降水量数据,采用趋势分析和偏相关分析法研究了黄河源区植被NPP年累积量(aNPP)时空变化特征及影响因素.结果表明: 受水热条件和植被类型分布的地带性规律影响,黄河源区植被aNPP呈由东南向西北逐渐递减趋势.常绿针叶林aNPP最高,高寒草原aNPP最低.2000-2010年黄河源区植被aNPP呈显著增加趋势,线性增长率为3.64gC/(m²·a),其中高寒沼泽、常绿针叶林、高寒草甸和高寒草原aNPP的增长率分别为4.47gC/(m²·a)、4.08gC/(m²·a)、3.61ggC/(m²·a)和3.53gC/(m²·a).植被aNPP显著增加区域占研究区面积的46.67%,并主要分布在黄河源区中下游的河谷地带.植被aNPP显著减少区域仅占研究区面积的0.03%,在空间上呈零星分布.植被aNPP与6-9月平均气温和6-7月降水量呈显著正相关性.植被aNPP与温度呈极显著正相关和显著正相关的区域分别占研究区面积的58.53%和18.36%,并主要分布在黄河源区西部、中部和东南部.植被aNPP与降水量呈极显著正相关和显著正相关的区域分别占研究区面积的3.87%和11.27%,并主要分布在黄河区北部.气候的暖湿化是导致黄河源区植被aNPP增加的主要原因.  相似文献   

2000-2011 年中国地表比辐射率时空格局及影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

翟俊  刘纪远  刘荣高  秦元伟  黄麟 《资源科学》2013,35(10):2094-2103

地表比辐射率是影响地表长波辐射收支的重要物理参数和生态参数.本文通过对EOS-MODIS卫星地表比辐射率产品(MOD11A2)的时空特征分析,得到2000-2011年12年中国地表比辐射率数据集的时空分布特征.结果表明,全国地表比辐射率取值区间较小,仅为0.9610~0.9760.土地覆被类型的空间分布决定了比辐射率的空间格局特征,不同土地覆被类型的比辐射率以沙地最小,冰雪和水体最高,而且耕地要明显高于自然植被.2000-2011年地表比辐射率变化总体上以降低趋势为主,但在我国西北部的新疆和青海等地区变化较为复杂,部分地区表现出明显的增加趋势.在6个气候区内,地表比辐射率从高到低顺序依次为: 暖温带湿润区>中温带湿润区>中温带半干旱区>热带亚热带湿润区>青藏高原区>中温带干旱区.积雪可以显著增加地表比辐射率,在中温带干旱区,可使比辐射率值从0.964升高到0.967左右.不同气候区无雪情况下比辐射率年内变化规律并不相同,呈现出各自独有的变化特征,以中温带干旱区比辐射率年内变化最为明显.但所有气候区的比辐射率年际差异较小,没有显著的变化趋势.  相似文献   

Youth science expertise,environmental identity,and agency in climate action filmmaking     

Elizabeth M. Walsh  Eugene Cordero 《Environmental Education Research》2019,25(5):656-677

Abstract

The Green Ninja Film Academy (GENIE) is an interdisciplinary curriculum development project that examines the efficacy of combining climate science concepts and practices with digital storytelling for middle school youth. We present findings from iterative enactments of this design-based research project in 2017 (N?=?296) and 2018 (N?=?539). On average, youth increased scores on assessments of science content and practices while demonstrating competencies in filmmaking and science explanations. Further, an inverse correlation was seen between initial identification with the environment and change in environmental identification throughout the unit. Results suggest that integration of creative filmmaking into a climate science curriculum aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards can increase engagement and science proficiency particularly for youth who initially show less engagement in environmental science.  相似文献