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51.
Gabriel Marcuzzo do Canto Cavalheiro Favio Akiyoshi Toda Mariana Brandao 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2019,30(1):91-99
Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are widely acknowledged to be of central importance to research universities worldwide. This article assesses the patent portfolio of Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), which is located in State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil and currently consists of the largest Brazilian research university in terms of the total number of enrolled undergraduate students. More specifically, this study provides robust empirical evidence pointing out that a major university in a developing country is strengthening its patent portfolio by increasing the number of patent applications. In addition, it was also possible to observe that UFF's patent portfolio is dominated by emerging technologies addressing human necessities, such as medical, hygiene, or veterinary products. 相似文献
52.
Gary T. Marx 《The Information Society》1998,14(3):171-185
The Principles of Fair Information Practice are almost three decades old and need to be broadened to take account of new technologies for collecting personal information such as drug testing, video cameras, electronic location monitoring, and the Internet. I argue that the ethics of a surveillance activity must be judged according to the means, the context and conditions of data collection, and the uses/goals, and suggest 29 questions related to this. The more one can answer these questions in a way that affirms the underlying principle (or a condition supportive of it), the more ethical the use of a tactic is likely to be. Four conditions are identified that, when breached, are likely to violate an individual's reasonable expectation of privacy. Respect for the dignity of the person is a central factor and emphasis is put on the avoidance of harm, validity, trust, notice, and permission when crossing personal borders. 相似文献
53.
Martin Higgins 《The Information Society》2000,16(1):49-63
The mid 1990s was a period when the development of the household market for new information and communication technologies (ICTs) was of paramount importance for producers and suppliers. The Household Information Systems project was devised to investigate whether or not discourses of convergence accompanying the development of new ICT services and products had any resonance in the lives of "ordinary" consumers. This article presents an overview of the research and a more general series of observations about research into the domestic consumption of new media technology. The article advocates an approach to studying new media technology that analyzes the "full life cycle" of technology. In practice, this means utilizing theories from a range of disciplines focusing on a number of different points in the "cultural circuit" within which all technology is located. 相似文献
54.
集成系统中信息集成的关键技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了信息集成系统的含义,阐明了集成系统中信息集成的几项关键技术及特点,提出了一些把握和处理这些关键技术的措施。 相似文献
55.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):379-390
It is increasingly apparent that the roots of current global transformation lie very much in the middle to late nineteenth century and the raft of basic political, economic, socio-cultural and technological changes that occurred at this time. This is mainly because of the development of a set of novel communications technologies that began the information technology-based transformation. This paper briefly reviews the period from 1845 to 1914 to highlight the role of the emergent information technologies of telegraphy and radio in the consolidation of liberal/international forces and then the rise of nationalist military-industrial tendencies. These technologies were primarily concerned with the control of processes associated with the particular forms of politico-economic development prevalent at the time, and as such were of fundamental importance in promoting structural change, including hegemonic transition as Britain was challenged by Germany and the US. 相似文献
56.
M. Misiko 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(4):401-416
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to document smallholder experiences during a participatory experimental initiative and draw useful lessons for field practitioners. The main methods used to collect data were participant observation, in-depth interviews among 40 farmers, and analyses of notes taken during participatory monitoring and evaluation. These farmers were regular participants in four collective trials—designed by scientists, managed by smallholders—that were run for over five years in western Kenya. This paper shows that scientific trial designs enhanced ‘conviction’ among smallholders in new technologies that were being experimented. The study further reveals that (1) collective trials must last long enough for interactive learning to effectively occur, (2) farmers’ selected aspects of experiments and did not generally treat the whole trial as one concept, (3) field trials were forms of evidence of research or project activity, and (4) trials were seen as like ‘churches’ and multipurpose congregating sites, especially because these collective experiments had roots in local traditions. The practical implication is that because interactive trials are social events, like other learning platforms, they must be appropriately situated within local contexts to enhance their relevance. This paper also shows that experiments are only a first step in learning, which needs to be supported by in-depth research and support for smallholder experiments. Collaborative experimentation is an effective tool for improving smallholder knowledge. Experimentation is a hands-on tool; it strengthens interactive learning, enhances understanding of a concept and improves ownership of the process or research among farmers. However, longer-term collective experiments develop a strong underlying human dimension. Understanding the social dynamics that influence the value of collective experimentation is critical for the process of scaling out. 相似文献
57.
This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online. 相似文献
58.
In this paper, we offer a critical examination of Let's Move!, the comprehensive anti-obesity program initiated by the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, that aims to solve the problem of childhood obesity within a generation. We argue that Let's Move! is not just a campaign against obesity but is emblematic of the nature of (and assumptions underpinning) the health education of children in the contemporary United States. Drawing on the concept of ‘governmentality,’ we examine how Let's Move! functions as a biopolitical strategy (a solution to the problem of childhood obesity), framed by the political rationalities of neoliberalism. In particular, we identify and explore three interrelated bio-techniques mobilized within, and through, the Let's Move! campaign. First, in an effort to ‘responsibilize’ citizens, the initiative is framed as a social movement whereby all segments of society can (and should) be empowered to take collective action against childhood obesity. Second, an array of multi-sectoral partnerships, including corporate sponsors and non-profit organizations, are being mobilized, resulting in a range of initiatives underpinned by the rhetoric of consumer choice and responsibility as well as the outsourcing of physical education to private entities. Third, the adoption of standardized fitness testing techniques based on the logic of chronic disease epidemiology, and related notions of ‘risk,’ aim to produce the disciplined child-citizen who monitors his/her health goals with the aid of Web 2.0 technologies. In contextualizing Let's Move! in this way, we illustrate how, in line with the soft authoritarian imperatives of the neoliberal enabling state, the campaign functions as a national biopedagogy, working to empower every citizen to be an ‘active partner’ in the fight against childhood obesity, so as to optimize the health of the next generation and allow them, in the words of Michelle Obama, to ‘pursue their dreams.’ 相似文献
59.
本文通过文献资料法、观察法，对抢篮板球技术发展趋势进行了探讨。认为，现代篮板球向着立体、空间加平面，即速度、高速加技术的方向发展。 相似文献
60.
通过对高新技术商业化过程中的横向维度分析研究,归纳出一般意义上的商业化模式,并将商业化模式的实践分为供给导向和需求导向两种类型的应用路径,其中供给导向型路径是由政府主导的技术的商业化过程,而需求导向型路径则是由产业主导的商业化技术的过程。通过比较两种实践路径阐述商业化模式的具体内涵。 相似文献