Which percentile-based approach should be preferred for calculating normalized citation impact values? An empirical comparison of five approaches including a newly developed citation-rank approach (P100)     

Lutz Bornmann  Loet Leydesdorff  Jian Wang 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(4):933-944

For comparisons of citation impacts across fields and over time, bibliometricians normalize the observed citation counts with reference to an expected citation value. Percentile-based approaches have been proposed as a non-parametric alternative to parametric central-tendency statistics. Percentiles are based on an ordered set of citation counts in a reference set, whereby the fraction of papers at or below the citation counts of a focal paper is used as an indicator for its relative citation impact in the set. In this study, we pursue two related objectives: (1) although different percentile-based approaches have been developed, an approach is hitherto missing that satisfies a number of criteria such as scaling of the percentile ranks from zero (all other papers perform better) to 100 (all other papers perform worse), and solving the problem with tied citation ranks unambiguously. We introduce a new citation-rank approach having these properties, namely P100; (2) we compare the reliability of P100 empirically with other percentile-based approaches, such as the approaches developed by the SCImago group, the Centre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), and Thomson Reuters (InCites), using all papers published in 1980 in Thomson Reuters Web of Science (WoS). How accurately can the different approaches predict the long-term citation impact in 2010 (in year 31) using citation impact measured in previous time windows (years 1–30)? The comparison of the approaches shows that the method used by InCites overestimates citation impact (because of using the highest percentile rank when papers are assigned to more than a single subject category) whereas the SCImago indicator shows higher power in predicting the long-term citation impact on the basis of citation rates in early years. Since the results show a disadvantage in this predictive ability for P100 against the other approaches, there is still room for further improvements.  相似文献   

Idiocy,Attention, and the Normal Scholastic Prototype     

《Educational Philosophy and Theory》2013,45(9):909-923

Throughout the 19th century, the discourse on idiocy was among the most substantial and celebrated fields of knowledge about human nature; yet it is mostly forgotten or ignored by scholars today. Once science could identify the truly retarded individual from within the confused concept of idiocy, it is thought, these subjects could finally be treated separately and more humanely. But looking back at the early discourse on idiocy reveals a rational knowledge of the subject built on a very different intelligibility from our own. Indeed, until modern times, idiocy was actually considered a form of madness, and it was only through the emergence of a new intelligibility of the body—based on the idea of development—that the concept of retardation could emerge. Rather than through medical or humanistic advance, it was first through the emergence of the normalizing technologies of the hospitals and schools that society would find new reasons and means for dealing with these ‘recalcitrant’ figures who were unwilling or unable to conform to the requirements and goals of the institutional disciplines. A new intelligibility of the idiot based on new disciplinary technologies would provide the basis not only for the mentally retarded subject, but eventually for all of the behavioral disorders of childhood. This article will be of interest to scholars and educators interested in the history of the modern developmental subject, pedagogy, and the appearance of the norm in constructing knowledge of the subject and the ordering of behaviors.  相似文献   

学术论文中引文失范行为研究     

陈丽文  张海营 《情报理论与实践》2008,31(3):347-349

本文通过对学术论文中引文规范的现状定性和定量分析,研究了引文失范行为的主要表现和原因,列举了引文失范行为对学术发展的不利影响,进而提出引文规范问题应引起学者和期刊编辑人员的高度重视.  相似文献   

现代中国证券市场不规范的制度分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

童文胜  唐齐鸣 《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2000,14(1):78-81

现代中国证券市场经过近20年的培育,已经初步形成了比较完善的市场体系,取得了举世瞩目的成绩,但是也十分突出地存在着规范化问题。造成现代中国证券市场不规范的原因是多方面的。现代中国证券市场作为一种制度创新,笔者拟从其制度特征出发,进行系统深入的制度分析,找出其不规范的制度根源。  相似文献   

我国公共关系学的学科建设:进展与前景     

孔燕  侯平 《四川教育学院学报》2006,22(3):10-12

我国公共关系学经过近20年的发展，还存在着研究主题多元化、研究队伍薄弱化、研究方法泛化等问题，在学科不断发展的今天，对学科进行规范化和制度化，整合和构建公共关系学科理论，稳固公共关系学科基础，有利于学科的长远发展。  相似文献   

《干禄字书》的正字观及现实意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

符渝 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2002,(4):134-139

<干禄字书>是唐代一部重要的正字字书,检测书中俗、通、正三种字样的来源、理据等状况,得知此书的正字标准主要是有来源与有理据,不仅重视规范字形,还重视规范字用.此书所体现的注重来源与理据的正字观念和变通、弹性的规范原则在今天仍有现实意义.  相似文献   

周恩来与中日邦交正常化     

刘丽君 《闽江学院学报》2002,23(5):114-118

1972年中日邦交正常化的实现,是20世纪国际关系领域最引人注目的重大事件之一.在发展中日关系的实践中,周恩来总理创造性地提出“民间先行,以民促官“的方针,从开辟民间贸易渠道入手,带动和促进官方关系的建立,并随着世界潮流和日本政局的变化,紧紧把握历史机遇,采取一系列明智之举,强有力地推动了中日邦交正常化的进程.  相似文献   

宋代传奇中的妓女形象分析     

陈霖  姚毅 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(6):66-67

在宋代传奇走向式微的时候,宋传奇中描写女性、描写世情的作品也反映出了新的时代特色。在这些作品中出现妓女形象的作品占了一定的比重。文章试从妓女的自我意识的觉醒,对政治生活的参与和民族的气节、平民化倾向这三方面分析宋传奇中的妓女形象。并以唐传奇作为参照,在这种对照中分析宋传奇中妓女题材的新的时代特点。  相似文献   

Verbosity normalized pseudo-relevance feedback in information retrieval     

Seung-Hoon Na  Kangil Kim 《Information processing & management》2018,54(2):219-239

Document length normalization is one of the fundamental components in a retrieval model because term frequencies can readily be increased in long documents. The key hypotheses in literature regarding document length normalization are the verbosity and scope hypotheses, which imply that document length normalization should consider the distinguishing effects of verbosity and scope on term frequencies. In this article, we extend these hypotheses in a pseudo-relevance feedback setting by assuming the verbosity hypothesis on the feedback query model, which states that the verbosity of an expanded query should not be high. Furthermore, we postulate the following two effects of document verbosity on a feedback query model that easily and typically holds in modern pseudo-relevance feedback methods: 1) the verbosity-preserving effect: the query verbosity of a feedback query model is determined by feedback document verbosities; 2) the verbosity-sensitive effect: highly verbose documents more significantly and unfairly affect the resulting query model than normal documents do. By considering these effects, we propose verbosity normalized pseudo-relevance feedback, which is straightforwardly obtained by replacing original term frequencies with their verbosity-normalized term frequencies in the pseudo-relevance feedback method. The results of the experiments performed on three standard TREC collections show that the proposed verbosity normalized pseudo-relevance feedback consistently provides statistically significant improvements over conventional methods, under the settings of the relevance model and latent concept expansion.  相似文献   

新格式"被xx"的词化及演进     

汪敏锋 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,30(2):52-56

新兴格式＂被xx＂关涉＂强势方＂和＂弱势方＂两个论元,是对＂强势方将某一行为或结果强施于弱势方＂范畴化的结果,具有[＋强制][＋不真实]的语义特征,其内部紧密度高,且＂被＂位置固定,具备类推功能,是一个动词性类词缀。在反复使用中＂被xx＂的演进是个围绕[＋强制]基本语义特征向外扩展泛化,形式走向常态化的过程。在语用上蕴涵否定、讽刺、批判的功能,具有新奇、简约以及突显焦点信息的特点,反映了当前的社会文化心理。  相似文献