Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles     

René Bohnsack  Jonatan Pinkse  Ans Kolk 《Research Policy》2014

Sustainable technologies challenge prevailing business practices, especially in industries that depend heavily on the use of fossil fuels. Firms are therefore in need of business models that transform the specific characteristics of sustainable technologies into new ways to create economic value and overcome the barriers that stand in the way of their market penetration. A key issue is the respective impact of incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path-dependent behaviour on the development of such new business models. Embedded in the literature on business models, this paper explores how incumbent and entrepreneurial firms’ path dependencies have affected the evolution of business models for electric vehicles. Based on a qualitative analysis of electric vehicle projects of key industry players over a five-year period (2006–2010), the paper identifies four business model archetypes and traces their evolution over time. Findings suggest that incumbent and entrepreneurial firms approach business model innovation in distinctive ways. Business model evolution shows a series of incremental changes that introduce service-based components, which were initially developed by entrepreneurial firms, to the product. Over time there seems to be some convergence in the business models of incumbents and entrepreneurs in the direction of delivering economy multi-purpose vehicles.  相似文献   

Light emitting diodes and the lighting revolution: The emergence of a solid-state lighting industry     

Susan Walsh Sanderson  Kenneth L. Simons 《Research Policy》2014

Emergence of new industries from evolving technologies is critical to the global economy, yet has been relatively understudied due to the paucity of available data. This study draws lessons on industry emergence, by analyzing how a solid-state lighting (SSL) industry grew out of light emitting diode (LED) technologies that evolved for half a century, with participation by tens of thousands of researchers in universities, national laboratories, and firms. Using data on publications, patents, and firms combined with business history we trace the evolution of SSL through a succession of market niches. At times a few researchers with unorthodox research approaches made breakthroughs that greatly advanced particular technology trajectories and pushed LED research in unexpected directions. A succession of LED market niches advanced the technology and provided profits to incentivize continuing research while reducing cost and improving efficacy of LEDs. Innovating firms developed a thicket of patents and captured substantial profit, but were embroiled in extensive litigation that was ultimately resolved through cross-licensing. A major new generation of lighting products is now disrupting the traditional lighting industry. Although the leading incumbent lighting firms all invested early and heavily in SSL, the industry's future leadership is uncertain.  相似文献   

Financial information management for university departments,using open-source software     

《International Journal of Information Management》2014,34(2):191-199

This paper presents a model to analyse the different outcomes generated by the application of Task-Technology Fit (TTF) theory to economic and financial information management in university departments. This model extends that proposed by Goodhue (1995), in two ways: (i) a key role is played by the manager in designing the technology and in performing the task in question. Both of these aspects can be modified, depending on the evaluation made of a series of characteristics (or dimensions) inherent to the model. (ii) The free dissemination of the source code of the application not only allows the transfer of knowledge, but also creates virtual communities which, through collaborative work and the exchange of experiences, can achieve a better fit of the technology to the task at hand. This model has been introduced in several departments at the University of Granada (Spain), and evaluated in terms of the results obtained at both individual and group levels. This evaluation was conducted by means of in-depth interviews with departmental managers.  相似文献   

Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application     

Carolina Martins  Tiago Oliveira  Aleš Popovič 《International Journal of Information Management》2014

Understanding the main determinants of Internet banking adoption is important for banks and users; our understanding of the role of users’ perceived risk in Internet banking adoption is limited. In response, we develop a conceptual model that combines unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) with perceived risk to explain behaviour intention and usage behaviour of Internet banking. To test the conceptual model we collected data from Portugal (249 valid cases). Our results support some relationships of UTAUT, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, and also the role of risk as a stronger predictor of intention. To explain usage behaviour of Internet banking the most important factor is behavioural intention to use Internet banking.  相似文献   

川西气田油气绿色开采工程技术创新与实践     

刘红勇  陈逸奇 《科技管理研究》2014,(23)

针对川西地区敏感脆弱的生态坏境,中石化西南油气分公司提出了川西气田油气绿色开采战略目标,致力于油气开采过程中的成套技术研发,着重在压裂返排液重复利用技术、钻井液重复利用技术、地层水利用技术3个方面积极开展工程技术创新,并取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益。基于对西南油气分公司技术创新内外环境的分析,揭示西南油气分公司技术创新的本质,阐明在需求拉动和技术推动的双重作用下企业要同时具备因地制宜、与时俱进的指导思想和创新增效的理念及良好的制度保障,才能真正实现绿色低碳、持续创新的原理。  相似文献   

区域性技术创新政策绩效评价的实证研究——基于相关性和灰色关联分析的视角     

汪晓梦 《科研管理》2014,35(5):38-43

技术创新已经成为区域经济发展的重要推动力。技术创新政策有力地促进了区域技术创新的发展。构建技术创新政策绩效评价的指标体系,选取合肥市作为分析案例,根据统计数据,运用相关性分析和灰色关联度方法,对合肥市技术创新政策绩效进行评价。同时将分析结果与有关城市进行横向比较,找出存在的问题与原因。在此基础上,提出优化合肥市技术创新政策绩效的对策和建议,进一步提高技术创新能力和水平。分析方法和结论对区域性技术创新政策实施效果评价具有借鉴和参考意义。  相似文献   

空间科学——我国创新驱动发展的重要阵地          下载免费PDF全文

吴季 《中国科学院院刊》2014,29(5):583-589

文章概述了空间科学与空间科学卫星的特点,具体阐述了其在科学上的前沿性,在空间技术和相关高技术上的带动性,以及对国家政治、外交、国防和社会发展的重要作用,介绍了中科院正在实施的空间科学先导专项在科学前沿、技术带动和国际影响方面预计的成果产出,并对其后续发展提出了建议。  相似文献   

我国LED封装技术专利丛林测量实证研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁晓东  罗恺 《科研管理》2014,35(1):81-88

如何证明并测量专利丛林,一直是一个难题。专利丛林是指众多且重叠的专利,可能形成稠密的网络,寻求将新技术商业化的企业必须获得多个专利权人的许可。由于我国专利文献不要求说明专利引证关系,所有国外的测量方法在我国无法适用。本文以1997-2010年我国LED封装技术专利为样本,综合运用帕累托位序规模法、比例法和首位度等方法进行测量,研究表明我国LED封装技术领域专利呈现分散趋势。  相似文献   

环境管制与中国农业全要素生产率增长研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘战伟 《科技管理研究》2014,(18)

利用中国省际面板数据,将农业面源污染和碳排放作为"坏产出"指标纳入农业全要素生产率测算中,采用Malmquist-Luenberger指数分析2001—2010年考虑环境因素下中国30个省市区的农业全要素生产率及其分解成分,并探讨考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率演变的影响因素。研究结果表明:考虑环境因素的中国农业全要素生产率呈增长趋势,但表现出较大的波动性,其动力主要来源于技术进步;从地区差异来看,考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率呈现东、中、西部地区依次递减;农村经济发展水平、农业产业结构变动、农业基础设施投资对考虑环境因素下中国农业全要素生产率有显著影响,而环境管制影响则不显著。  相似文献   

北京农业科技创新服务联盟发展对策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈俊红  陈慈  冯献 《科技管理研究》2014,(22)

北京农业科技创新服务联盟建设走在全国前列,探询其建设以来取得的成效和面临的问题,对进一步完善联盟政策及推动全国产业技术创新体系建设具有重要意义。调查研究表明,北京农业科技创新服务联盟在创新产学研合作机制、推动科技成果转化等方面取得成效,在组织构架、规模和布局、技术创新能力等方面存在不足。根据国家产业技术创新战略联盟建设的基本要求,应加强联盟公信力和专业管理团队建设、优化联盟结构和行业布局、建立健全法律法规体系。  相似文献