Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners     

Urtats Etxegarai  Ainhoa Insunza  Jon Larruskain  Jordan Santos-Concejero  Susana M Gil  Eva Portillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2129-2137

We investigated whether heart rate (HR)-derived parameters are accurate performance predictors in endurance recreational runners. One hundred thirty recreational athletes completed an incremental running test (4´running + 1´rest). After each stage, we recorded HR, % of maximum HR (%HRmax), and blood lactate. We also assessed HR after each recovery period, and calculated lactate and HR recovery thresholds and HR deflection point. We tested these parameters for associations with running performance, as measured by peak treadmill speed (PTS) and personal best International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score. The %HRmax at 14.5 km·h^?1 correlated with PTS (r = ?0.92), and IAAF score (rho = ?0.80). The magnitudes of the correlations of lactate-related parameters with PTS (|r| = 0.84 to 0.86) or IAAF score (|rho| = 0.70 to 0.77) in absolute values were slightly lower. The correlations detected between other HR-derived parameters and running performance were weaker (|r or rho| = 0.24 to 0.70). Regression models identified %HRmax at 14.5 km·h^?1 as the strongest predictor of both PTS (β = ?0.72) and IAAF score (β = ?0.72). Consequently, tests based on %HRmax may provide a non-invasive and inexpensive alternate method for predicting the performance of these athletes.  相似文献   

Learning about assessment: the impact of two courses for higher education staff     

Nicola Reimann 《International Journal for Academic Development》2018,23(2):86-97

This interview-based study investigated the impact of two academic development courses about assessment. Participants learnt concepts and terminology that enabled them to better understand and communicate about assessment. The courses also stimulated critical thinking about assessment practices and conceptual change, with ‘assessment for learning’ emerging as significant with the qualities of a threshold concept. Certain learning activities stood out as transformational as they supported the examination of assessment from different perspectives and the integration of implicit with explicit knowledge, but only if participants had sufficient workplace experience that they could link to the formal knowledge taught in the courses.  相似文献   

面向产业创新升级的企业规模质量：概念界定、量表开发及检验          下载免费PDF全文

李宇  王佳  毛培培 《科研管理》2018,39(8):1-10

有利于产业创新升级的企业成长模式一直是研究热点问题。本文将我国产业创新升级普遍存在的低产业化、大而不强和传统产业升级抽象为企业规模阈值问题,并通过对三种规模阈值的突破引入和界定了企业规模质量的概念范畴。以此为基础并结合文献分析法,本文提出构成企业规模质量的R&D投入、非R&D投入和知识能量3个维度及11个能力要素,通过预测试、问卷调查等方式进一步实证检验了量表的可靠性和有效性,得出了有助于推动产业创新升级的企业规模质量量表工具。在量表工具下本文提出了针对技术创新和产业升级的对策建议。  相似文献   

公开级赛艇优秀男子运动员500m耗时递增负荷测试的实证性研究     

黄红梅  林家仕 《北京体育大学学报》2010,(12)

目的:是为了证明赛艇运动员常用的500 m耗时递增负荷方案测定个体乳酸阈(IAT)的可行性,并通过与4 mmol/L乳酸阈(AT4)的比较,进一步证明IAT的有效性。方法:以9名优秀男子公开级赛艇运动员为研究对象,实验过程包括一次2 000 m最大功(P-MAX)测试、一次500 m耗时递增负荷测试以及一次6 000 m最大功(P-6 km)测试,测试在ConceptⅡ赛艇测功仪完成。结果:500 m耗时递增负荷测试出现较为理想的乳酸-时间曲线,受试者的IAT全部出现在第4、5级负荷间,血乳酸浓度在运动后5 min低于运动结束即刻;P-IAT显著低于P-AT4(P<0.05),而两者心率间差距更加明显(P<0.01);P-IAT与P-2 km及P-6 km有较强的相关性(r=0.778,P<0.05;r=0.848,P<0.01),而P-AT4未见此相关(P>0.05)。结论:500 m耗时递增负荷测试可作为高水平男子公开级赛艇运动员进行IAT测试的负荷方案,IAT较AT4与训练实践有更为密切的关系。  相似文献   

基于图像处理的轮廓提取方法应用     

周亚罗  潘晓娣  曹秀爽  刘文广  潭江 《唐山学院学报》2009,22(6):72-74

采用索贝尔算子检测边缘,最大类间方差法把图像二值化,通过数学形态学处理得到改进的二值图像,掏空内部点得到边界点,进行边界跟踪把轮廓从复杂的图像中提取出来。传统的边缘检测得到的边缘不一定是单像素点,而此方法实现单像素点的轮廓提取,实验证明该方法行之有效。  相似文献   

基于最大似然估计的航海雷达目标检测算法     

陆瑛  应士君  孙振  施朝健  邹绪平 《上海海事大学学报》2012,33(4):1-4

为克服传统航海雷达目标检测方法在能见度低或海杂波严重时搜索效率不佳的缺点,结合已知目标的自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)信息,提出一种利用最大似然估计(Maximum Likelihood Estimate,MLE)方法确定海杂波中搜索目标阈值的算法,将其应用到海上搜救目标检测中.该算法首先把已知目标的AIS信息作为样本集,然后用MLE方法估计海杂波中搜索目标的阈值,最后在PC机上用QT和MATLAB进行编程.实验结果表明,此算法能够提高雷达搜索目标的准确性和海上救援效率.  相似文献   

Is the highest fat oxidation rate coincident with the anaerobic threshold in obese women and men?     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):79-87

Abstract

In this study we determined the exercise intensity that elicits the highest fat oxidation rate in 15 obese women and 13 obese men. Furthermore the relationship between this intensity with the lactate (LT) and ventilatory thresholds (VT) was investigated in order to give training recommendation for maximal fat utilization during endurance exercise. After an incremental exercise test until exhaustion on a cycle ergometer, subjects performed six 20-min exercise bouts of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 75% VO₂peak. The 20 min stages were randomly assigned and spread over two separate occasions (three bouts per occasion). Substrate oxidation was measured with indirect calorimetry and was calculated using stochiometric equations. In both, women and men the highest fat oxidation rate occurred at 65% VO₂peak and this did not coincide with either the VT or LT. A significant correlation between VT and LT could not be found in women (r=0.33) nor men (r=0.277). In obese women and men training recommendation for maximal fat utilization should not only be given by the intensity at which AnT occurs.  相似文献   

The effect of training on aerobic power characteristics of young cross‐country skiers     

Heikki Rusko 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):273-286

The influences of growth, training and various training methods were investigated by analysing long‐term training effects in young cross‐country and biathlon skiers (n = 129). Some athletes (n = 49) were studied six times in three years and some at least once a year during a four year period (n = 48). During three summer training periods skiers emphasized either intensive training or distance training or continued to train normally. The results indicated that maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) and heart volume increased between 15 and 20 years of age and the most significant changes in heart volume were observed between 16 and 18 years of age. International level skiers were able to increase their VO₂ max and heart volume even after 20 years of age. Anaerobic threshold (AT, ml kg^‐1 min^‐1) increased like VO₂ max but when expressed as a percentage of VO₂ max, the AT was similar in every age group over 16 years of age. Intensive training at the intensity of anaerobic threshold or higher was observed to be most effective in producing improvements in VO₂ max. Low‐intensity distance training was more effective in producing improvements in anaerobic threshold.  相似文献   

The influence of a 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on performance of prolonged intermittent high-intensity running at 30°C     

JOHN MORRIS  MARY NEVILL  DYLAN THOMPSON  JASON COLLIE  CLYDE WILLIAMS 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):371-381

Nine male student games players consumed either flavoured water (0.1 g carbohydrate, Na⁺ 6 mmol · l^?1), a solution containing 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolytes (6.5 g carbohydrate, Na⁺ 21 mmol · l^?1) or a taste placebo (Na⁺ 2 mmol · l^?1) during an intermittent shuttle test performed on three separate occasions at an ambient temperature of 30°C (dry bulb). The test involved five 15-min sets of repeated cycles of walking and variable speed running, each separated by a 4-min rest (part A of the test), followed by 60 s run/60 s rest until exhaustion (part B of the test). The participants drank 6.5 ml · kg^?1 of fluid as a bolus just before exercise and thereafter 4.5 ml · kg^?1 during every exercise set and rest period (19 min). There was a trial order effect. The total distance completed by the participants was greater in trial 3 (8441 ± 873 m) than in trial 1 (6839 ± 512, P < 0.05). This represented a 19% improvement in exercise capacity. However, the trials were performed in a random counterbalanced order and the participants completed 8634 ± 653 m, 7786 ± 741 m and 7099 ± 647 m in the flavoured water (FW), placebo (P) and carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) trials, respectively (P = 0.08). Sprint performance was not different between the trials but was impaired over time (FW vs P vs CE: set 1, 2.41 ± 0.02 vs 2.39 ± 0.03 vs 2.39 ± 0.03 s; end set, 2.46 ± 0.03 vs 2.47 ± 0.03 vs 2.47 ± 0.02 s; main

effect time, P < 0.01). The rate of rise in rectal temperature was greater in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial (rise in rectal temperature/duration of trial, °C · h^?1; FW vs CE, P < 0.05; P vs CE, N.S.). Blood glucose concentrations were higher in the carbohydrate-electrolyte than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE: rest, 4.4 ± 0.1 vs 4.3 ± 0.1 vs 4.2 ± 0.1 mmol · l^?1; end of exercise, 5.4 ± 0.3 vs 6.4 ± 0.6 vs 7.2 ± 0.5 mmol · l^?1; main effect trial, P < 0.05; main effect time, P < 0.01). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations at the end of exercise were lower in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE: 0.57 ± 0.08 vs 0.53 ± 0.11 vs 0.29 ± 0.04 mmol · l^?1; interaction, P < 0.01). The correlation between the rate of rise in rectal temperature (°C · h^?1) and the distance completed was ?0.91, ?0.92 and ?0.96 in the flavoured water, placebo and carbohydrate-electrolyte conditions, respectively (P < 0.01). Heart rate, blood pressure, plasma ammonia, blood lactate, plasma volume and rate of perceived exertion were not different between the three fluid trials. Although drinking the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution induced greater metabolic changes than the flavoured water and placebo solutions, it is unlikely that in these unacclimated males carbohydrate availability was a limiting factor in the performance of intermittent running in hot environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Discrimination of Visual Linear Velocities     

Charles H. Shea  Cheryl Northam 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):222-225

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine velocity discrimination characteristics of subjects in a difference threshold paradigm. After recruitment, 180 male and female subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups differentiated by the length of the stimulus runway and the subjects' orientation to the stimulus. Stimulus velocities were presented on a modified Bassin Anticipation Timer with presentation rate controlled by a programmed timer. The criterion velocities were 134.11, 268.22 and 402.33, cm/sec with variable velocities ranging 44.7 cm/sec above and below the criterion in 8.94 cm/sec increments. The method of constant stimuli was used with 198 trial pairs presented (constant 7 second stimulus presentation interval). The results indicated that the discrimination of horizontal linear velocity follows a prothetic continuum. That is, the just noticeable difference increased in proportion to the increase in the criterion velocity. In addition, the subjects' orientation to the stimulus and the viewing distance (length of runway) seemed to play little or no role in the discrimination process.  相似文献