Three dimensions of equity of access to higher education     

Tristan McCowan 《Compare》2016,46(4):645-665

Concerns over equity of access to higher education are widespread, but there is significant disagreement over what should constitute a fair system. This article assesses diverse conceptualisations of equity and explores the ways in which they embody themselves in the policies of three systems, those of England, Brazil and Kenya. While showing significant disparities of income level and enrolment ratio, all three have made concerted efforts to expand higher education access, accompanied by increasing stratification in terms of the quality and prestige of institutions. Analysis of policy options and outcomes leads to a proposal of three principles for understanding equity of access: availability, accessibility and horizontality. The third of these principles addresses the little-acknowledged safeguard that disadvantaged students should not be confined to lower-quality institutions, while at the same time allowing for diversity of ethos and disciplinary focus.  相似文献   

基于动态演化博弈的企业技术创新均衡策略研究     

张倩 《科技管理研究》2016,(21)

企业技术创新是解决环境污染和经济增长矛盾的根本所在,成为实现环境保护和经济发展“双赢”的有效途径.政府环境规制、企业技术创新和公众环境参与是相互影响及制约的利益关系,因此,探究三方利益相关者对企业技术创新行为的影响成为学者研究的重要课题.从演化经济学的视角,运用动态演化博弈理论,构建政府、企业和公众的三方博弈模型,根据演化的仿生学研究,引入Lotka-Volterra模型求稳态均衡解,探究环境利益相关者的规制行为对企业技术创新策略的演化影响,并利用Matlab通过数值模拟进行检验.研究结果表明:环境规制与企业技术创新战略选择是一场混合战略均衡的博弈过程,企业、政府和公众的行为决策受其收益和成本的大小影响,利益相关方的环保措施在一定程度上会促进技术创新.因此,应恰当选择政府环境规制手段和强度水平,合理规划规制成本,不断提高公众环保意识,强化环境监管,促使企业以环保为己任,实施技术创新策略,减少环境污染.  相似文献   

顾客参与和服务创新关系研究:基于服务过程中知识转移的视角   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

张若勇  刘新梅  张永胜 《科学学与科学技术管理》2007,28(10):92-97

顾客是服务企业重要的创新思想来源,顾客与企业之间的互动过程会影响到服务创新绩效。在服务交互的情景下,基于知识转移的视角,提出了顾客参与的三个维度如何影响顾客知识转移,并进一步影响服务创新绩效的研究框架,揭示了顾客参与服务过程与服务创新绩效的关系。  相似文献   

在线健康社区用户参与行为的影响因素研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张薇薇  蒋雪 《图书情报工作》2020,(4):136-145

[目的/意义]在线健康社区是健康问题关注者交流经验、知识和情感的重要平台,而用户参与是社区发展的关键。对用户参与行为的影响因素进行综合评述,可为这方面研究提供系统参考。[方法/过程]从信息生态系统的综合视角出发,分别从信息人、信息、信息技术和信息环境4个维度,系统评述用户参与行为影响因素和影响机理的主要成果和研究现状。[结果/结论]用户参与行为受到信息人、信息、信息技术和信息环境各维度的综合影响,相关成果比较丰富,已经形成较为成熟的研究主题。从社区类型、用户类型、持续参与等方面对未来研究趋势进行展望。  相似文献   

公民环境知情权法律制度探析     

熊勇 《宜春学院学报》2011,33(3):74-77

环境权是公民环境知情权的权利来源,环境知情权是公民参与环境保护的前提条件。应该构建和完善我国公民环境知情权法律制度,以求在实践中把公民环境知情权落到实处,为公民参与环境保护创造条件,同时也为公民保护自己合法的环境权益奠定良好的基础。  相似文献   

Academic identity,confidence and belonging: The role of contextualised admissions and foundation years in higher education     

Katriona O'Sullivan  Niamh Bird  James Robson  Niall Winters 《British Educational Research Journal》2019,45(3):554-575

This article presents a cross-national exploration of responses to widening participation (WP), with a specific focus on the provision of foundation year (FY) programmes and the use of contextualised admissions (CA) in selective Irish and UK institutions. There remains a dearth of research on these routes, with little understanding of the characteristics of students who utilise them, of why students use these routes and little knowledge of their effect on students’ experiences in university and their overall sense of belonging. A year-long longitudinal comparative case study design examined three alternative entry routes in two selective higher education institutions (HEIs) in England and Ireland: a well-established FY; a newly formed FY; and a CA pathway. Data were collected through a mixed-method approach. Questionnaires and in-depth focus groups were employed at fixed points with participating students in each route. Results indicated that FY students had lower levels of familial educational history and parental occupation. FY students’ sense of belonging significantly increased over the year, with students reporting increased confidence and sense of belonging due to the relationships established during the FY. CA students’ sense of belonging remained the same, with students reporting feeling different and isolated. Results indicate that while students utilising FYs may be ‘more disadvantaged’ than CA students, their experiences helped establish a sense of belonging; illustrating the need for diverse WP routes catering to a wide range of needs. Results highlight the importance of providing opportunities to develop social and bridging social capital for all non-traditional students.  相似文献   

从宗教文化视角谈高尔基笔下的“母亲”形象     

王淑凤 《邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)》2011,10(1):90-94

文化的密码具有永恒的制约性,宗教文化作为制约性因素始终是俄罗斯文学的基本命题之一,所有时期的文学中都保留着宗教的因素与特征,高尔基的长篇小说《母亲》就具有很多东正教中关于女性的观念特征。  相似文献   

Navigating the discursive tensions of the public university: the case of a South African student     

Kate le Roux 《Teaching in Higher Education》2019,24(2):231-247

As public universities seek to be locally responsive and compete internationally, tensions arise between expansion and equity, and between discourses of neoliberalism and social justice. This article focuses on how students navigate these tensions, and the implications for how they can act, interact and be. Norman Fairclough’s three-level view of the social and language, and his method of critical discourse analysis are used to analyse longitudinal interviews with an undergraduate science student. This student is, on account of his home and schooling, considered ‘historically marginalised’ at an historically-white, English-medium South African university. The results show how the student navigates multiple positionings that draw on notions of class, language, independence, progress, choice, care, and so on. It is argued that while universities should support students to navigate some of these tensions, there is a need to re-imagine structuring discourses related to the ‘normal’, ‘independent’ university student.  相似文献   

Critical Thinking and Community Engagement through Artistic Actions     

sthildur B. Jnsdttir 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2019,38(3):700-709

In a society that strives for sustainability it is important to observe and value different forms of knowledge. Creating art is not a meaningless exercise. Instead, one might say that works of art serve as a window that interprets the world. In the article it is argued that artistic actions can offer a combination of critical and creative thinking reflecting on the types of knowledge and experience that count as valuable for sustainable communities. The article reflects on the participatory installation Colours of Rovaniemi and how ABER was used in the creation process. The methodology focused on the transformative power of community engagement when creating artistic actions that engage with sustainability. The installation provoked critical thinking and encouraged the participants to take a stand on the issues discussed. Artworks of this kind are well suited to help us understand the issues we face regarding sustainability. The work raised questions of who we are, what we prioritise in our lives. It initiated discussion of the connection between man and nature, attitudes, values and national self‐identity, challenging the participants’ perspectives.  相似文献   

新生代农民工政治参与意识淡薄的成因探析     

张彪 《思茅师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(4):23-25

新生代农民工有序的政治参与是其顺利融入城市的重要保障。然而,随着社会转型的加快,新生代农民工的政治参与水平有了很大提高,但受传统政治文化、政治体制、经济因素和自身素质的影响,其政治参与意识还处于比较淡薄的状态。要真正提高新生代农民工的政治参与意识,最根本的就是要加强农民工的公民文化教育、提高政治主体意识和培育公民意识。  相似文献