Physiological responses to laboratory-based soccer-specific intermittent and continuous exercise     

B. Drust  T. Reilly  N. T. Cable 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):885-892

The aim of this study was to devise a laboratory-based protocol for a motorized treadmill that was representative of work rates observed during soccer match-play. Selected physiological responses to this soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol were then compared with steady-rate exercise performed at the same average speed. Seven male university soccer players (mean - s : age 24 - 2 years, height 1.78 - 0.1 m, mass 72.2 - 5.0 kg, VO 2max 57.8 - 4 ml·kg -1 ·min -1 ) completed a 45-min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol on a motorized treadmill. They also completed a continuous steady-rate exercise session for an identical period at the same average speed. The physiological responses to the laboratory-based soccer-specific protocol were similar to values previously observed for soccer match-play (oxygen consumption approximately 68% of maximum, heart rate 168 - 10 beats·min -1 ). No significant differences were observed in oxygen consumption, heart rate, rectal temperature or sweat production rate between the two conditions. Average minute ventilation was greater ( P ? 0.05) in intermittent exercise (81.3 - 0.2l·min -1 ) than steady-rate exercise (72.4 - 11.4l·min -1 ). The rating of perceived exertion for the session as a whole was 15 - 2 during soccer-specific intermittent exercise and 12 - 1 for continuous exercise ( P ? 0.05). The physiological strain associated with the laboratory-based soccer-specific intermittent protocol was similar to that associated with 45 min of soccer match-play, based on the variables measured, indicating the relevance of the simulation as a model of match-play work rates. Soccer-specific intermittent exercise did not increase the demands placed on the aerobic energy systems compared to continuous exercise performed at the same average speed, although the results indicate that anaerobic energy provision is more important during intermittent than during continuous exercise at the same average speed.  相似文献   

Activity profile and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant refereeing in relation to training status     

Peter Krustrup  Magni Mohr  Jens Bangsbo 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):861-871

To determine the movement patterns and physiological demands of top-class soccer assistant referees, we performed computerized time-motion analysis and measured heart rate and blood lactate concentration in 15 assistant referees during 22 competitive matches in the top Danish league. To relate match performance to the physical capability of the assistant referees, they performed a 3 2 30 m sprint protocol before and after matches and a laboratory treadmill test within 3 weeks of the games. The mean total distance covered by the top-class assistant referees was 7.28 (range 5.78-8.16) km, of which 1.15 (0.86-1.44) km was high-intensity running and 1.16 (0.12-2.34) km was sideways running. The amount of high-intensity running during a game was correlated with performance of repeated sprints (r = 0.80, P ? 0.05). Mean heart rate was 137 (117-159) beats · min^-1 , corresponding to 73% (60-88%) of maximal heart rate and 65% (53-80%) of maximal oxygen uptake. Blood lactate concentration was 4.7 (1.6-11.0) and 4.8 (1.1-13.7) mmol · l -1 after the first and second half, respectively. Sprinting performance was poorer (P ? 0.05) after than before the games. The peak distance to the offside line was greater (P ? 0.05) in the second than the first half (7 - 1 vs 5 - 0 m). Our results show that: (1) top-class assistant soccer refereeing is characterized by brief intense bouts of forward and sideways running interspersed with long periods of low activity; (2) top-class soccer assistant referees have moderate aerobic energy production during games with episodes of high aerobic and anaerobic energy turnover; (3) assistant referees' performance of repeated sprints correlates with the amount of high-intensity running performed in a game; and (4) sprint performance decreases towards the end of a game, which appears to affect assistant referees' ability to keep up with play.  相似文献   

A comparison of methods for estimating oxygen uptake during intermittent exercise     

F. Lothian  M.R. Farrally 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):491-497

Sixteen female games players completed 15 min of intermittent exercise on a treadmill. The speed and incline of the treadmill were varied to elicit a similar heart rate response to that found during women's hockey match‐play. The mean heart rate response was 169 ± 8 beats min^‐1 and the mean work:rest ratio was 1:1.7. Oxygen uptake was estimated by applying the oxygen cost determined from an individual's heart rate‐oxygen uptake regression equation to the average heart rate each 5 s during the intermittent exercise. A second esimation of oxygen uptake was made from a time‐motion analysis by assigning a specific oxygen cost to each discrete movement during the intermittent exercise protocol. The true oxygen cost was calculated from the analysis of the expired gas. The heart rate analysis overestimated the true cost by a mean of 4.3 ± 5.3% (0.09 ± 0.11 1 min^‐1), and the time‐motion analysis underestimated the true value by a mean of 15.7 ± 6.3% (0.34 ± 0.15 1 min^‐1). There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the true value and both the estimates. It was concluded that heart rate analysis gives a much better indication of oxygen uptake during intermittent activity than time‐motion analysis.  相似文献   

Protective effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae on the hearts of rats with severe acute pancreatits or obstructive jaundice     

Xi-ping ZHANG  Guang-hua FENG  Jie ZHANG  Yang CAI  Hua TIAN  Xiao-feng ZHANG  Yi-feng ZHOU  Zhi-wei WANG  Ke-yi WANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2009,10(3)

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae (Danshen) in the treatment of severe acute panereatitis (SAP)- or obstructive jaundice (OJ)-induced heart injury. Methods: A total of 288 rats were used for SAP-(n=108) and O J-associated (n=180) experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and Salvia miltiorrhizae-treated groups. According to the difference of time points after operation, SAP rats in each group were subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups (n=12), whereas OJ rats were subdivided into 7, 14, 21, and 28 d subgroups (n=15). At the corre-sponding time points after operation, the mortality rates of the rats, the contents of endotoxin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in blood, and pathological changes of the hearts were investigated. Results: The numbers of dead SAP and OJ rats in the treated groups declined as compared with those in the model control group, but not significantly (P>0.05). The contents ofendotoxin (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 7, 14, 21, and 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) and PLA2 (at 6 and 12 h in SAP rats and on 28 d in OJ rats, respectively) in the treated group were significantly lower than those in the model control group (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respec-tively). Besides, myocardial pathological injuries were mitigated in SAP and OJ rats. Conclusion: In this study, we found that Salvia miltiorrhizae improved myocardial pathological changes, reduced the content of PLA2 in blood, and decreased the mortality rates of SAP and OJ rats, exerting protective effects on the hearts of the rats.  相似文献   

H2S对兔离体心脏心率的影响     

陈立锋  徐涛  范凌  赵兰平  陈少峰  温晓竞  张晓云  马建伟  尹万斌 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2009,26(3):18-21

目的:探讨硫化氢(H2S)对兔离体心脏心率的影响.方法:用标准微电极细胞内记录技术,观测硫化氢对兔右心房心肌细胞动作电位频率的影响.观测指标:自发放电频率(rate of pacemaker firing,RPF).结果:(1) 用200μmol/LNaHS 灌流时,和正常对照组相比,RPF显著减小(P<0.01).(2) 400μmol/L NaHS与对照组比较, RPF显著减小(P<0.01).和200μmol/LNaHS相比,RPF显著减小(P<0.01).(3)以上使RPF减小的效应在NaHS灌流3～5min出现,10min时已经有显著减小(P<0.01),25～30min达到高峰.结论:H2S可浓度依赖性的影响兔离体心脏的心率.  相似文献   

元典如何被接受     

钟东 《玉溪师范学院学报》2012,(7):1-7

人们面对古典,其所诠释的过程,必定不是对原典全部信息的接受,而只是主观上发现了哪些信息,即是选择性接受的过程。在这过程中,古典之"元意"并非可能尽"述",解诗必定有着主观性,注家之意,也必定受到他的身份、学识、注诗出发点的制约。所以"元意"是相对的,"诗无达诂",诗可能被误读,甚至出现"注我"情况。由此,诠释的过程即是接受的过程,因而必然带有主观的性质。注释只有名物的正误,而并没有观点的是非,因为诠释与接受,本身便是一种动态关系。  相似文献   

“立心”与“求道”:杨键诗歌解读     

刘康凯  鲁有周 《巢湖学院学报》2011,13(1):56-60

杨键是一位为当代诗坛所瞩目的诗人,他所践行的诗歌写作方式不仅是"审美",更是"求道"。这"道"是"心之道",是心灵在直面自我生命与大千世界时如何求得救赎与超越的真理。杨键把传统文化精义作为自己的精神资源,为现代汉语诗歌写作注入新的生命力,这对当下诗歌写作无疑是个宝贵的启示。  相似文献   

生命·意欲·艺术——梁漱溟生命美学思想论略     

刘可文 《毕节学院学报》2008,26(5)

梁漱溟是现代新儒家的开山人物,中国生命美学的开拓者。他的生命美学融合了儒学、王阳明心学及西方柏格森的生命哲学思想。他视宇宙为一大生命,建立了"尽宇宙是一生活"的世界观,并系统地提出了人类文化的根源在于"意欲"的文化观和艺术的本质在于生命本性的流畅的观点。因此,梁氏生命美学思想对我国当代生命美学理论建构具有重要的学术价值和现实意义。  相似文献   

高原训练对自行车运动员心率变异性的影响及果糖的营养效果观察     

张洁  邓树勋  沈金康  任绮 《福建体育科技》2010,29(5):9-11

本研究观察我国优秀女子公路自行车运动员15人25天高原训练前后心率变异性（Heart Rate Variability,简称HRV）的变化,同时观察1,6-二磷酸果糖（简称FDP）对专业运动员高原训练期间的营养干预效果。结论：本研究中高原训练的量、强度、时间对于支配心脏的植物性神经功能还没有产生明显的影响,果糖对HRV干预作用不明显。  相似文献   

男子轻量级赛艇运动员测功仪训练中心率和乳酸浓度相关性研究     

张志军 《湖北体育科技》2008,27(6):734-735

以某省6名男子轻量级赛艇运动员为研究对象,分析递增负荷测功仪训练中队员心率和血乳酸浓度变化。结果表明：心率和血乳酸浓度都随功率递增而相伴升高,心率在个体乳酸阈前后一定范围内出现急剧增高。  相似文献