Teaching,teacher formation,and specialised professional practice     

Jim Hordern 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2015,38(4):431-444

This paper starts by exploring the relevance of Bernstein’s work on vertical and horizontal discourses and the constitution of professional knowledge for conceptualisation of the knowledge needed for teaching practice. Building on arguments for the differentiated nature of knowledge, and drawing on the work of Winch, Young and Muller on expertise, and the sociology of the professions, this paper advances a conception of teaching as a ‘specialised professional practice’ that requires the support of particular socio-epistemic arrangements and conditions embedded in professional communities. Prevalent notions of teaching and teacher education that find favour in some European countries are examined in the light of these arguments, with particular reference to recent reforms in England.  相似文献   

The medicalization of current educational research and its effects on education policy and school reforms     

Daniel Tröhler 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2015,36(5):749-764

This paper starts from the assumption of the emergence of an educationalized culture over the last 200 years according to which perceived social problems are translated into educational challenges. As a result, both educational institutions and educational research grew, and educational policy resulted from negotiations between professionals, researchers, and policy makers. The paper argues that specific experiences in the Second World War triggered a fundamental shift in the social and cultural role of academia, leading up to a technocratic culture characterized by confidence in experts rather than in practicing professionals (i.e., teachers and administrators). In this technocratic shift, first a technological system of reasoning emerged, and it was then replaced by a medical “paradigm.” The new paradigm led to a medicalization of social research, in which a particular organistic understanding of the social reality is taken for granted and research is conducted under the mostly undiscussed premises of this particular understanding. The result is that despite the increased importance of research in general, this expertocratic and medical shift of social research led to a massive reduction in reform opportunities by depriving the reform stakeholders of a broad range of education research, professional experience, common sense, and political deliberation.  相似文献   

试论高职院校如何开展精细化职业指导     

王阳根 《九江职业技术学院学报》2015,(2)

高职院校对在校生开展精细化职业指导,是实现充分就业、高质量就业的需要,也是高校持续发展的需要。高职院校要提高意识,加强精细化职业指导队伍的建设;构建覆盖面广、纵横交错的立体式职业指导教育网络;建立多元评价体系,实现精细化职业指导工作的高效化。  相似文献   

Building the expert teacher prototype: A metasummary of teacher expertise studies in primary and secondary education     

《Educational Research Review》2023

While expert teachers remain a frequent focus of research in education, to date there have been very few attempts to conduct systematic reviews of this literature. This paper presents the findings of the first systematic metasummary of research on teacher expertise in K12 education (primary/elementary and secondary levels), based on analysis of 106 empirical studies from 16 countries involving 1124 teachers identified as experts. The inductively-developed coding framework was applied independently by both authors to the dataset to generate agreement counts for specific coding themes, firstly for specific domains of teacher expertise, and then stratified to compare primary and secondary studies. We present 73 specific features organised into six domains in our expert teacher prototype. Salient findings indicate that, with regard to professional practice, expert teachers reflect extensively and often critically on their practice, help their colleagues frequently, and are continuous learners throughout their careers. Concerning knowledge, we find that expert teachers have well-developed pedagogical content knowledge and knowledge about their learners. In the domain of pedagogic practice, we observe that expert teachers display flexibility in the classroom, build strong interpersonal relationships with their learners, whom they engage through their choice of activities and content, and frequently make use of strategies typically emphasised in both constructivist and learner-centred education literatures. We offer our prototype as a useful initial sketch of family resemblance among expert teachers rather than a checklist of necessary or expected features of expertise, also cautioning that the prototype remains far from complete.  相似文献   

变频电机基于状态维护的研究与探讨     

贺振国  刘增伦  苗霖 《中国科技纵横》2014,(17):61-62

讨论了电机温度日常管理与维护,对电机温度进行了统计,绘制了趋势图,使用统计方法验证了环境温度变化对电机温度的影响关系,预测了维护时间,提出了维护策略,对于减少电机温度过高造成的事故风险有较大帮助。  相似文献   

Associations between motor proficiency in children with history of maltreatment and living in social economically vulnerability     

《Child abuse & neglect》2017

Maltreatment and living in poor socioeconomic conditions during childhood may implicate in deficits on motor proficiency, nevertheless, the literature on this issue is still scarce. The goal of the study was to investigate the possible associations among manual dexterity, aiming and catching tasks, and balance tasks for children who suffers maltreatment and lived in social vulnerability. Eighty-two (82) children (08-09 years old) participated in the study. Forty-one (41) belong to the (SEV-M Group) children living in social economic vulnerability and were previously maltreated (lived in foster homes as results of parental neglect and domestic violence), and 41 belong to the (SEV Group) children living in social economical vulnerability with no history of childhood maltreatment. Children were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children –2nd Edition. Structural Equation Modeling was used to analyze the data. The results suggest the existence of a variety of motor difficulties in the group of children who suffered from neglect and domestic violence. The statistics model showed a negative effect for children in at-risk environments (regression coefficient = −0.30) and only showed a significant effect (p = 0.04) for balance abilities. Traumatic experiences may have a negative effect on children’ balance proficiency.  相似文献   

Situation awareness in sea kayaking: towards a practical checklist     

Eivind Aadland  Odd Lennart Vikene  Peter Varley  Vegard Fusche Moe 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2017,17(3):203-215

Ever-changing weather and sea conditions constitute environmental hazards that sea kayakers must pay attention to and act upon to stay safe. The aim of this study was to propose a tool to aid sea kayakers’ situation awareness (SA). We developed a checklist guided by theory on the concept of SA and expert problem detection, judgement and decision-making, along with knowledge concerning previous incidents and important risk factors in sea kayaking. The checklist consists of two parts: a guide to how paddlers can improve their SA and decision-making skills, and an overview of what critical factors should be evaluated before and during a sea kayak trip. We argue that the checklist may improve risk assessment and management among sea kayakers, help to prevent distress and future incidents, and ultimately potentially save lives. Finally, we wish to stimulate debate concerning risk management in sea kayaking and outdoor education.  相似文献   

Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in Heritage Language Learner Classroom Discourse     

Rachel E. Showstack 《Journal of Language, Identity & Education》2017,16(5):271-284

Drawing on linguistic anthropological notions of language ideologies and sociolinguistic approaches to stance, this study examines the meaning-making resources through which Spanish heritage language (HL) learners orient toward ideological perspectives on language value and linguistic expertise in classroom interaction. Part of a larger ethnographic study, data in the present study include about 26 hours of audio and video recordings from three different intermediate Spanish HL classrooms and filmed interviews with the students. The analysis indicates that discourses of legitimacy and expertise are embodied within multiple levels of classroom interaction, including affective stancetaking, expert/novice positioning, and the reframing of both ascribed social positions and previous discourse. Results suggest that the role of language ideologies in HL learning can be better understood through an examination of stancetaking in interaction and that the construction of different kinds of expertise should be an important consideration in the development of HL instructional practices.  相似文献   

关于某15MW机组电厂主要辅机电动机选用低压电动机和高压电动机的比较     

胡滨  罗雄 《科技广场》2006,(5):127-128

本文通过对6kV电动机和380V低压电动机的技术经济比较,论证了电厂主要辅机电动机采用低压电动机的可行性。  相似文献   

基于光电编码器的双馈调速系统中数字信号的检测     

李瑾  王永康  周林峰 《科技广场》2011,(5)

光电编码器是电气传动系统中用来测量电动机转速和转子位置的核心部件。本文介绍了其工作原理和主要特点,并给出了电机双馈调速系统中基于增量式光电编码器的电机转速、转子位置及转子感应电势相位的检测方法。  相似文献