福建省高等教育中外合作办学发展的现状及对策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

鄢晓 《煤炭高等教育》2010,28(3):39-42

我国福建省高等教育中外合作办学起步晚,规模小,尚处于办学的探索阶段。具体表现为：合作对象虽然呈现多元化特点,但优质资源缺乏;缺乏战略眼光,中外合作办学项目的办学层次偏低;中外合作办学项目的专业结构偏科严重;颁发的学历学位的认证得不到保障。因此,必须进一步明确福建省高校中外合作办学的目的,合理定位、优化课程设置、突出办学特色,逐步建立福建省高等教育中外合作办学的信息平台,以名校为龙头辐射其他高校合作办学。  相似文献   

The role of path length- and speed-related factors for the enhancement of section performance in alpine giant slalom     

Jörg Spörri  Josef Kröll  Hermann Schwameder  Erich Müller 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):911-919

Knowing how to enhance alpine skiing performance is essential for effective coaching. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of path length- and speed-related factors for performance enhancement, while skiing on a homogeneously set/constantly inclined giant slalom course section (average gate distance: 27?m; offset: 8?m; slope inclination: 26°). During a video-based three-dimensional kinematic field-experiment, the data of six athletes who skied a two-gate section on four different types of skis were collected. The performance parameter analysed was section time. The performance predictors analysed were centre of mass (CoM), path length and the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed along the analysed section. Furthermore, since the current study examined alpine skiing performance within short sections, the skier’s entrance speed was also considered. Classified as a high-performance and a low-performance group based on section time, slow and fast trials significantly differed in CoM path length, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed and entrance speed. The entrance speed of all trials analysed ranged between 15.25 and 17.66?m/s. In trials with both high and low entrance speed, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed was found to be more relevant for the prediction of section time than CoM path length. However, further studies should investigate whether such a prioritization can be unrestrictedly generalized to other situations, such as entrance speeds, course sets, slope inclinations and competition disciplines different to those assessed in the current study.  相似文献   

Three-dimensional assessment of squats and drop jumps using the Microsoft Xbox One Kinect: Reliability and validity     

Benjamin F. Mentiplay  Ksaniel Hasanki  Luke G. Perraton  Yong-Hao Pua  Paula C. Charlton  Ross A. Clark 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2202-2209

The Microsoft Xbox One Kinect? (Kinect V2) contains a depth camera that can be used to manually identify anatomical landmark positions in three-dimensions independent of the standard skeletal tracking, and therefore has potential for low-cost, time-efficient three-dimensional movement analysis (3DMA). This study examined inter-session reliability and concurrent validity of the Kinect V2 for the assessment of coronal and sagittal plane kinematics for the trunk, hip and knee during single leg squats (SLS) and drop vertical jumps (DVJ). Thirty young, healthy participants (age = 23 ± 5yrs, male/female = 15/15) performed a SLS and DVJ protocol that was recorded concurrently by the Kinect V2 and 3DMA during two sessions, one week apart. The Kinect V2 demonstrated good to excellent reliability for all SLS and DVJ variables (ICC ≥ 0.73). Concurrent validity ranged from poor to excellent (ICC = 0.02 to 0.98) during the SLS task, although trunk, hip and knee flexion and two-dimensional measures of knee abduction and frontal plane projection angle all demonstrated good to excellent validity (ICC ≥ 0.80). Concurrent validity for the DVJ task was typically worse, with only two variables exceeding ICC = 0.75 (trunk and hip flexion). These findings indicate that the Kinect V2 may have potential for large-scale screening for ACL injury risk, however future prospective research is required.  相似文献   

Mechanical power output in rowing should not be determined from oar forces and oar motion alone     

Mathijs J. Hofmijster  Lotte L. Lintmeijer  Peter J. Beek  A. J. Knoek van Soest 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2147-2153

Mechanical power output is a key performance-determining variable in many cyclic sports. In rowing, instantaneous power output is commonly determined as the dot product of handle force moment and oar angular velocity. The aim of this study was to show that this commonly used proxy is theoretically flawed and to provide an indication of the magnitude of the error. To obtain a consistent dataset, simulations were performed using a previously proposed forward dynamical model. Inputs were previously recorded rower kinematics and horizontal oar angle, at 20 and 32 strokes?min^?1. From simulation outputs, true power output and power output according to the common proxy were calculated. The error when using the common proxy was quantified as the difference between the average power output according to the proxy and the true average power output (P?_residual), and as the ratio of this difference to the true average power output (ratio_res./rower). At stroke rate 20, P?_residual was 27.4 W and ratio_res./rower was 0.143; at stroke rate 32, P?_residual was 44.3 W and ratio_res./rower was 0.142. Power output in rowing appears to be underestimated when calculated according to the common proxy. Simulations suggest this error to be at least 10% of the true power output.  相似文献   

Prediction of performance by heart rate-derived parameters in recreational runners     

Urtats Etxegarai  Ainhoa Insunza  Jon Larruskain  Jordan Santos-Concejero  Susana M Gil  Eva Portillo 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(18):2129-2137

We investigated whether heart rate (HR)-derived parameters are accurate performance predictors in endurance recreational runners. One hundred thirty recreational athletes completed an incremental running test (4´running + 1´rest). After each stage, we recorded HR, % of maximum HR (%HRmax), and blood lactate. We also assessed HR after each recovery period, and calculated lactate and HR recovery thresholds and HR deflection point. We tested these parameters for associations with running performance, as measured by peak treadmill speed (PTS) and personal best International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score. The %HRmax at 14.5 km·h^?1 correlated with PTS (r = ?0.92), and IAAF score (rho = ?0.80). The magnitudes of the correlations of lactate-related parameters with PTS (|r| = 0.84 to 0.86) or IAAF score (|rho| = 0.70 to 0.77) in absolute values were slightly lower. The correlations detected between other HR-derived parameters and running performance were weaker (|r or rho| = 0.24 to 0.70). Regression models identified %HRmax at 14.5 km·h^?1 as the strongest predictor of both PTS (β = ?0.72) and IAAF score (β = ?0.72). Consequently, tests based on %HRmax may provide a non-invasive and inexpensive alternate method for predicting the performance of these athletes.  相似文献   

The role of pelvis-thorax coupling in controlling within-golf club swing speed     

Peter F. Lamb  Todd C. Pataky 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(19):2164-2171

Pelvis-thorax coordination has been recognised to be associated with swing speed. Increasing angular separation between the pelvis and thorax has been thought to initiate the stretch shortening cycle and lead to increased clubhead speed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pelvis-thorax coupling played a significant role in regulating clubhead speed, in a group of low-handicap golfers (mean handicap = 4.1). Sixteen participants played shots to target distances determined based on their typical 5- and 6-iron shot distances. Half the difference between median 5- and 6-iron distance for each participant was used to create three swing effort conditions: “minus”, “norm”, and “plus”. Ten shots were played under each swing effort condition using both the 5-iron and 6-iron, resulting in six shot categories and 60 shots per participant. No significant differences were found for X-factor for club or swing effort. X-factor stretch showed significant differences for club and swing effort. Continuous relative phase (CRP) results mainly showed evidence of the stretch shortening cycle in the downswing and that it was more pronounced late in the downswing as swing effort increased. Substantial inter-individual CRP variability demonstrated the need for individual analyses when investigating coordination in the golf swing.  相似文献   

Sport-specific biomechanical responses to an ACL injury prevention programme: A randomised controlled trial     

Jeffrey B. Taylor  Kevin R. Ford  Randy J. Schmitz  Scott E. Ross  Terry A. Ackerman  Sandra J. Shultz 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(21):2492-2501

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programmes have not been as successful at reducing injury rates in women’s basketball as in soccer. This randomised controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT02530333) compared biomechanical adaptations in basketball and soccer players during jump-landing activities after an ACL injury prevention programme. Eighty-seven athletes were cluster randomised into intervention (6-week programme) and control groups. Three-dimensional biomechanical analyses of drop vertical jump (DVJ), double- (SAG-DL) and single-leg (SAG-SL) sagittal, and double- (FRONT-DL) and single-leg (FRONT-SL) frontal plane jump landing tasks were tested before and after the intervention. Peak angles, excursions, and joint moments were analysed using two-way MANCOVAs of post-test scores while controlling for pre-test scores. During SAG-SL the basketball intervention group exhibited increased peak knee abduction angles (p = .004) and excursions (p = .003) compared to the basketball control group (p = .01) and soccer intervention group (p = .01). During FRONT-SL, the basketball intervention group exhibited greater knee flexion excursion after training than the control group (p = .01), but not the soccer intervention group (p = .11). Although women’s soccer players exhibit greater improvements in knee abduction kinematics than basketball players, these athletes largely exhibit similar biomechanical adaptations to ACL injury prevention programmes.  相似文献   

The effects of limb dominance and a short term,high intensity exercise protocol on both landings of the vertical drop jump: implications for the vertical drop jump as a screening tool     

Enda F. Whyte  Patrick Kennelly  Oliver Milton  Chris Richter  Siobhán O’Connor  Kieran A. Moran 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(4):541-553

The effectiveness of vertical drop jumps (VDJs) to screen for non-contact ACL injuries is unclear. This may be contributed to by discrete point analysis, which does not evaluate patterns of movement. Also, limited research exists on the second landing of VDJs, potential lower limb performance asymmetries and the effect of fatigue. Statistical parametric mapping investigated the main effects of landing, limb dominance and a high intensity, intermittent exercise protocol (HIIP) on VDJ biomechanics. Twenty-two male athletes (21.9 ± 1.1 years, 180.5 ± 5.5 cm, 79.4 ± 7.8 kg) performed VDJs pre- and post-HIIP. Repeated measures ANOVA identified pattern differences during the eccentric phases of the first and second landings bilaterally. The first landing displayed greater (internal) knee flexor (η² = 0.165), external rotator (η² = 0.113) and valgus (η² = 0.126) moments and greater hip (η² = 0.062) and knee (η² = 0.080) flexion. The dominant limb generated greater knee flexor (η² = 0.062), external rotator (η² = 0.110) and valgus (η² = 0.065) moments. The HIIP only had one effect, increased thoracic flexion relative to the pelvis (η² = 0.088). Finally, the dominant limb demonstrated greater knee extensor moments during the second landing (η² = 0.100). ACL injury risk factors were present in both landings of VDJs with the dominant limb at potentially greater injury risk. Therefore, VDJ screenings should analyse both landings bilaterally.  相似文献   

Building social capital from sport event participation: An exploration of the social impacts of participatory sport events on the community     

Ran Zhou  Kyriaki Kaplanidou 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(5):491-503

Participatory sport events have the potential to generate substantial social value in the local community. One important social benefit of such sport events is the development of social capital. However, little is known about the development and outcomes of social capital in the context of participatory sport events, such as running events. Taking a qualitative approach, the authors explored the social capital building among active participants in running events. The findings revealed that bonding capital is developed by all participants in the study while the bridging and linking capital varies by event type and involvement level. Moreover, four positive outcomes of social capital were identified: supportive attitude and behaviors, positive influence on others, prosocial behaviors, and increased everyday socializations. By generating these positive outcomes among the participants of this study, social capital has the potential to contribute to the community development and well-being. This study provides insights as to how social capital that stems from sport event participation can lead to the development of community in the long term. Suggestions are made for future research to test the relationships between social capital, its outcomes, and community development and well-being.  相似文献   

上海女子自行车运动员冲刺骑行中的下肢运动学评价          下载免费PDF全文

何俊良  许以诚  马国强 《体育科研》2018,(2):87-90

对女子短距离自行车运动员45 s全力冲刺骑行进行下肢运动学分析,探讨不同水平运动员速度能力的特点,筛选可评价下肢踏蹬技术的运动学指标。使用三维红外运动捕捉系统及SRM自行车测功仪,采集上海自行车队4名女子短距离运动员场地车滚筒练习台上45 s全力冲刺骑行中的下肢运动学参数和踏频。结果表明,钟××速度能力较好,45 s全力冲刺骑行各阶段平均速度较高,但下肢踏蹬"圆滑度"还需进一步提高;顾××和姚××后程速度下降明显,速度耐力明显不足。在全力冲刺骑行后期,运动水平较高的运动员（钟××）踝关节活动度下降明显小于运动水平较低的运动员（顾××和姚××）,提示踝关节活动度下降是影响自行车短距离项目运动员速度耐力的因素之一。  相似文献