Socialisation,culture and the foundations of expertise in elite level Indigenous Australian sportsmen     

Richard L. Light  John R. Evans 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(7):852-863

This article reports on an ongoing study that investigates the development of expertise in rugby league and Australian football by Indigenous Australians as a socially and culturally situated process of learning. Focused on the sampling phase of the Development Model of Participation in Sport (6–12 years of age), it combines narrative inquiry and grounded theory methodologies to identify the important role that participation in a range of different sports and in informal games plays in the participants’ development of expertise, as a process of socialisation.  相似文献   

Validity of a single lactate measure to predict fixed lactate thresholds in athletes     

Ibai Garcia-Tabar  Iñaki Llodio  Luis Sánchez-Medina  Xabier Asiain  Javier Ibáñez 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):385-392

This study aimed to validate the use of a single blood lactate concentration measure taken following a 12 km h^?1 running stage (BLC₁₂) to predict and monitor fixed blood lactate concentration (FBLC) thresholds. Three complementary studies were undertaken. Study I: the relationships between BLC₁₂ and the running speeds at FBLC of 3 mmol L^?1 (S3mM) and 4 mmol L^?1 (S4mM) measured during a multistage running field test were examined in 136 elite athletes. Study II: data from 30 athletes tested one year apart were used to test the predictive capacity of the equations obtained in Study I. Study III: 80 athletes were tested before and after an intensified training period to examine whether training-induced changes in FBLC thresholds could be predicted and monitored by BLC₁₂. Study I: BLC₁₂ was significantly (P < 0.001) and inversely related to S3mM (R² = 0.89) and S4mM (R² = 0.95). Study II: prediction models yielded robust correlations between the estimated and measured FBLC thresholds (r = 0.94–0.99; P < 0.001). Study III: estimated changes predicted actual training-induced changes in FBLC thresholds (r = 0.81–0.91; P < 0.001). This study gives empirical support to use a single lactate measure during a sub-maximal running field test as a simple, low-cost and practical alternative to FBLC thresholds in athletes.  相似文献   

Snap-N-Send: A valid and reliable method for assessing the energy intake of elite adolescent athletes     

Nessan Costello  Kevin Deighton  Joshua Dyson  Jim Mckenna  Ben Jones 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):1044-1055

To ensure that elite adolescent athletes meet their unique training, growth and maturation demands, it is imperative to have access to valid measures of energy intake. Contemporary methods demand close attention-to-detail, meaning that athletes often do not fully adhere to real-time protocols. This study represents the first investigation of a real-time dietary assessment designed using a comprehensive behaviour change framework (COM-B). In a crossover design, 12 elite adolescent male rugby players recorded their energy intake via an estimated food diary (est-FD) and photography-based mobile assessment (‘Snap-n-Send’), combined with a 24-h dietary recall interview. Two 4-day assessment periods were divided into three separate recording environments: 96?h free-living and researcher-observed; 72?h free-living and 10?h researcher-observed. Assessment periods were one month apart. All foods and beverages were provided and weighed by the research team to quantify actual intakes. ‘Snap-n-Send’ reported a small mean bias for under-reporting across 96?h (?0.75?MJ?day^?1; 95% confidence interval [CI] for bias?=??5.7% to ?2.2%, p?<?.001), 72?h (?0.76?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??5.6% to ?2.1%, p?=?.004) and 10?h (?0.72?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??8.1% to ?0.1%; p?=?.067) environments. The est-FD reported a moderate mean bias for under-reporting across 96?h (?2.89?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??17.9% to ?10.2%; p?<?.001), 72?h (?2.88?MJ?day^?1; 95% CI for bias?=??17.9% to ?10.1%; p?<?.001) and 10?h (?2.52?MJ?day^?1;?26.1% to ?5.3%; p?=?.023) environments. Results evidence the ability of ‘Snap-n-Send’ to accurately assess the diet of elite adolescent athletes, signalling the exciting promise of this comprehensive and theoretical behavioural approach within valid dietary assessment.  相似文献   

Tour de France Champions born or made: where do we take the genetics of performance?     

Colin N. Moran  Yannis P. Pitsiladis 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(14):1411-1419

ABSTRACT

Cyclists in the Tour de France are endurance specialists. Twin and family studies have shown that approximately 50% of the variance in a number of performance-related phenotypes (whether measured at baseline, i.e., natural talent, or in response to training) including those important to cycling can be explained by genetic variation. Research into the specific genetic variants that are responsible has identified over 200 genes containing common genetic variants involved in the genetic predisposition to physical performance. However, typically these explain only a small portion of the variance, perhaps 1–2% and collectively they rarely explain anything approaching the 50% of the variance identified in the twin and family studies. Thus, there is a gap in our understanding of the relationship between heritability and performance. This gap may be bridged by investigation of rare variants or epigenetic variation or by altering study designs through increased collaborations to pool existing cohorts together. Initial findings from such efforts show promising results. This mini-review will touch on the genetics and epigenetics of sporting performance, how they relate to cyclists in the Tour de France and where best future efforts may be directed as well as discuss some preliminary research findings.  相似文献   

精英与大众化:大学毕业生就业特征比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗三桂 《清华大学教育研究》2005,26(4):82-86

高等教育由精英向大众化过渡,不仅仅是量的变化,更是质的变化。本文以大学生就业特征为切入口,从大学毕业生的身份、就业市场、就业结构和就业形式等四方面,对精英与大众化高等教育阶段大学毕业生就业特征进行比较分析。  相似文献   

促进学生全面发展构建"两课"教学新模式--从"陆步轩卖肉"谈教学改革     

赵霞 《教学研究(河北)》2004,27(2):178-180

市场经济条件下人才是流动的,高校培养学生既要有扎实的专业理论,还应具有较强的动手能力和适应性,因此要努力改变教育理念,改革教学模式.构建高校"两课"教学新模式,教师引导学生动脑、动手、动嘴,大大促进学生的求知欲望,提高学生的参与意识和综合分析问题、解决问题的能力,最终促进学生的全面发展.  相似文献   

中国优秀垒球运动员竞技能力结构模型研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

严丽  席翼  谭思洁  王悌  和平 《山东体育学院学报》2007,23(2):89-91

研究对象为国家队、省市一线队主力队员35人。经过专家访谈和教练员经验筛选,得到优秀垒球运动员的竞技能力结构的框架,再经过对组成中各项指标的测试和统计学处理,最终确定了中国优秀垒球运动员的竞技能力结构模型。此模型将为优秀垒球运动员运动能力的发展提供训练的目标系统。  相似文献   

高水平游泳运动员临界速度变化对中长距离自由泳成绩变化影响研究     

沈宇鹏  白慕炜  温宇红 《体育科学》2020,(2):51-57

目的:检验采用比赛数据计算高水平游泳运动员临界速度的可行性和有效性,探索高水平游泳运动员临界速度同比变化对中长距离自由泳成绩同比变化的影响,建立临界速度同比变化对高水平游泳运动员长距离自由泳成绩同比变化概率的预测回归模型。方法:收集2011-2018年中长距离自由泳项目(200~1500 m)世界游泳排名Top100的信息,采用距离-时间模型计算临界速度,用线性回归评估临界速度与中长距离游泳项目成绩的关系,使用逻辑回归(logistics)评价临界速度同比变化对成绩同比变化的影响。结果:临界速度可以分别解释200 m、400 m、800 m和1500 m自由泳成绩变化的76.8%、87.2%、90.7%和99.5%。当临界速度同比提高时,长距离项目(800 m和1500 m)成绩同比提高是成绩同比下降的30倍。当临界速度同比提高/下降1%~6%时,长距离项目(800 m和1500 m)成绩同比提高/下降的发生概率约为80%~100%。结论:采用比赛参数(比赛成绩和比赛距离)计算临界速度是可行和有效的;临界速度同比变化百分比(提高/下降)能预测成绩同比变化,是解释长距离自由泳成绩同比变化的关键因素。  相似文献   

跳水运动员运动动机培养探要   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于芬 《中国体育科技》2000,36(8):46-49

跳水运动员的动机总是同满足自己的训练需要和获得最佳成绩、不断完善自己紧密相关的。跳水运动员的运动动机具有 3个作用 :1)激活跳水运动员具有明确的目标性需要 ;2 )指向最高训练目标 ;3)强化跳水运动员持续进行运动训练。跳水运动员的成就动机是获得优异运动成绩的欲望对运动训练过程的控制和推动力量 ,具有成就动机是运动动机的升华和运动员自我完善过程的强势映射。本文探讨了优秀跳水运动员的成就动机与运动动机的特点及关系。成就动机建立在运动动机的发展基础上 ,成就动机是高目标的运动动机 ,运动动机要在运动训练过程中不断地加以强化 ,成就动机则需要在运动训练、德育培养、文化学习和社会生活过程中不断地加以提升。  相似文献   

中国优秀女子足球运动员16项个性因素的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑原 《中国体育科技》2000,36(3)

本文运用心理学和统计学方法对中国优秀女子足球运动员 1 6项个性进行诊断 ,比较不同年龄组、不同训练年限组及不同位置间 1 6项个性因素的差异性 ,为教练员选材、训练提供依据  相似文献