脑力、体力劳动者足底压力参数分布特征及评定   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张庆来  刘学贞  陈丰才  李继伟 《体育学刊》2008,15(11)

通过分析脑力、体力劳动者自然行走过程中峰力值（maxforce,MF）、达峰力值时间（time to max force）、冲量（impulse）等参数特征,探讨职业对足底压力分布的影响。采用比利时Footscan USB2平板式足底压测试系统对50名普通健康脑力劳动者和63名普通健康体力劳动者进行自然行走过程中动态足底压力测试。结果显示：脑力、体力劳动者左脚Toel、Toe2-5、Heel Lateral区域平均峰值（MF）存在显著性差异,右脚Mid foot、Meta5区域MF差异存在非常显著性（P〈0．01）,左、右双足平均峰力值（MF）最大值均出现在足跟内侧（Heel Medial）。脑力、体力劳动者足底各区域达峰力值的时间（TMF）,左右双足差异均存在非常显著性（P〈0．01）。脑力劳动者与体力劳动者行走过程中左足在Toel、Toe2-5、Meta1、Heel Medial、Heel Lateral区域的冲量（Impulse,IP）,体力劳动者明显大于脑力劳动者且具有显著性差异〈0．01）,体力劳动者与脑力劳动者的足底MF与足弓接触面积及足角度存在不同程度的相关。结果说明：脑力劳动者与体力劳动者行走过程中左右双足的平均峰力值、接触面积、冲量等参数都存在不同程度的差异,可能与长期从事的职业不同有关,建议经常进行体育锻炼或定制矫形鞋垫,可以缓解足底压力高压区的过度集中,不断维护足健康水平。  相似文献   

我国足球教练员培训现状及对策研究          下载免费PDF全文

刘晓宇 《武汉体育学院学报》2009,43(10):70

分析了我国教练员培训组织管理体制及岗位培训体制,并与国外足球教练员的培训等级和培训机构进行了比较,指出了我国教练员培训体系中存在的不足,提出了完善我国足球教练员培训体系的对策:建立科学的分级培训机制,聘请国外优秀教练员参与青少年教练的培训,组织青少年教练员赴国外培训,利用其他社会力量实施培训,不断扩大初级教练员的培训面,增加青少年基层教练员培训班的数量,实行多元化的培训收费制度,编写适合我国实际情况的培训教材,严格教练员的注册、考核制度.  相似文献   

武术套路跳跃中旋风脚及连接难度动作分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱东  郭志禹 《上海体育学院学报》2008,32(1):44-51

采用录像观察法、实验法、数理统计法,分析武术套路项目中旋风脚B级和C级跳跃难度及连接难度动作的运动学、动力学及生物学特征,发现:旋风脚单脚起跳速度远大于双脚起跳。根据肌电测试结果,旋风脚双脚和单脚起跳的起跳腿肌肉放电强度和时相有所区别,提示:不同的起跳方式应有针对性的辅助练习。  相似文献   

优秀女子举重运动员抓举技术的生物力学分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王向东  刘梦飞  徐文泉 《中国体育科技》2008,44(6)

通过三维运动图像分析手段对我国5名优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术动作进行测试,通过对比分析不同运动员在抓举过程中各动作技术阶段(第一发力阶段、过渡阶段、第二发力阶段和惯性上升阶段)的时间比、杠铃上升高度比、做功比和平均功率等关键指标,揭示我国优秀女子举重运动员的抓举技术特征.  相似文献   

我国优秀男子跳高运动员助跑最后一步放脚技术的生物力学分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

闫之朴  孙研红  孙健 《山东体育学院学报》2006,22(3):69-72

1前言跳高助跑最后一步放脚技术包括摆动腿放脚和起跳腿放脚技术。摆动腿放脚技术对最后一步助跑速度的保持和发挥以及起跳时的身体姿态都有一定的影响。而起跳腿的放脚技术对于是否能以合理的动作落地起跳以及能否获得良好的起跳效果都将起着关键作用。本文对当前我国优秀男子  相似文献   

Kinematic analysis of hip and knee rotation and other contributors to ballet turnout     

Amy E. Quanbeck  Sara C. Handley  Deborah S. Quanbeck 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):331-338

Turnout, or external rotation (ER) of the lower extremities, is essential in ballet. The purpose of this study was to utilise physical examination and a biomechanical method for obtaining functional kinematic data using hip and knee joint centres to identify the relative turnout contributions from hip rotation, femoral anteversion, knee rotation, tibial torsion, and other sources. Ten female dancers received a lower extremity alignment assessment, including passive hip rotation, femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, weightbearing foot alignment, and Beighton hypermobility score. Next, turnout was assessed using plantar pressure plots and three-dimensional motion analysis; participants performed turnout to ballet first position on both a plantar pressure mat and friction-reducing discs. A retro-reflective functional marker motion capture system mapped the lower extremities and hip and knee joint centres. Mean total turnout was 129±15.7° via plantar pressure plots and 135±17.8° via kinematics. Bilateral hip ER during turnout was 49±10.2° (36% of total turnout). Bilateral knee ER during turnout was 41±5.9° (32% of total turnout). Hip ER contribution to total turnout measured kinematically was less than expected compared to other studies, where hip ER was determined without functional kinematic data. Knee ER contributed substantially more turnout than expected or previously reported. This analysis method allows precise assessment of turnout contributors.  相似文献   

Preparation time influences ankle and knee joint control during dynamic change of direction movements     

Patrick Fuerst  Albert Gollhofer  Dominic Gehring 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):762-768

The influence of preparation time on ankle joint biomechanics during highly dynamic movements is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of limited preparation time on ankle joint loading during highly dynamic run-and-cut movements. Thirteen male basketball players performed 45°-sidestep-cutting and 180°-turning manoeuvres in reaction to light signals which appeared during the approach run. Both movements were executed under (1) an easy condition, in which the light signal appeared very early, (2) a medium condition and (3) a hard condition with very little time to prepare the movements. Maximum ankle inversion angles, moments and velocities during ground contact, as well as EMG signals of three lower extremity muscles, were analysed. In 180°-turning movements, reduced preparation time led to significantly increased maximum ankle inversion velocities. Muscular activation levels, however, did not change. Increased inversion velocities, without accompanying changes in muscular activation, may have the potential to destabilise the ankle joint when less preparation time is available. This may result in a higher injury risk during turning movements and should therefore be considered in ankle injury research and the aetiology of ankle sprains.  相似文献   

Identification of temporal factors related to shot performance for indoor recurve archery     

Andrew J. Callaway  Johanna Wiedlack  Mario Heller 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(12):1142-1147

The purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal phases of the archery shot cycle that distinguish the arrows distance from centre, in an attempt to understand critical factors that affect performance. Fifteen archers of varying ability each performed 30 shots at 18 m. Fourteen potential predictor variables were measured for statistical modelling by stepwise multiple linear regression. The results show that pre-shot time (pre-performance routine), follow-through time (post-performance routine), aiming time, speed of the arrow and the %variation in clicker-release time, account for 7.7% of the variation in predicting shot performance. The results have implications for practice demonstrating factors that coaches should focus on to develop their athletes. Further work on pre-, but more importantly, post-performance routines are needed generally within sport research as they are lacking and have been shown to be important contributing factors in a number of sports.  相似文献   

不同步行和跑步速度对后足角度和足偏角的影响          下载免费PDF全文

赵滢  陆阿明 《体育科研》2017,(6):93-100

通过进行zebris步态测试和后足角度拍摄,采集和分析速度变化对步行和跑步时后足角度和足偏角的影响,从而科学指导广大健身爱好者进行合理的步行和跑步运动,预防运动损伤。实验结果显示：（1）相较于自身步行偏好速度,采用实验步行设定速度时左右足后足角度均显著增大,左右足足偏角均显著减小（1.33 m/s例外）;（2）实验步行设定速度之间,相较于1.33 m/s速度步行,以1.56 m/s和1.78 m/s步行时左足后足角度显著增大,以1.56 m/s步行时右足足偏角显著减小;（3）相较于自身跑步偏好速度,当以慢于自身跑步偏好速度跑步时,左右足后足角度和足偏角均无显著性差异,而当以快于自身跑步偏好速度跑步时,左右足的足偏角显著减小,后足角度无显著性差异;（4）快于自身跑步偏好速度时比慢于自身跑步速度时左右足的足偏角显著减小（以3.61 m/s跑步时比1.78 m/s跑步时左足后足角度增大）;（5）快于自身跑步偏好速度时,以3.61 m/s跑步时比2.78 m/s跑步时左右足足偏角显著减小。实验结果表明：（1）相较于其他实验设定速度,以自身偏好速度步行时,后足角度较小,足偏角较大,可以有效预防运动损伤;（2）从后足角度和足偏角考虑,当步行速度较快时,保持步长,适当减小足偏角可以减少踝关节损伤。  相似文献   

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success     

Andrew Green  Chloe Dafkin  Samantha Kerr  Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.  相似文献