Neglected children with severe obesity have a right to health: Is foster home an alternative?—A qualitative study     

《Child abuse & neglect》2018

ObjectiveTo explore key person’s perspectives of foster home placement or notification of risk of harm to Social Services of children with severe obesity.MethodsThis case study research was performed in the southwest of Sweden and based on interviews with nine informants: a foster home youth, two foster parents, a social worker, two hospital social workers, a pediatric physician, a pediatric nurse, and a psychologist. Content analysis was used for narrative evaluations, within- and cross case analyses and displays.ResultsPositive health outcomes of the foster home placement were described as a healthy and normalized weight status, a physically and socially active life, and an optimistic outlook on the future. The foster parents made no major changes in their family routines, but applied an authoritative parenting style regarding limit setting about sweets and food portions and supporting physical activity. The professionals described children with severe obesity as having suffered parental as well as societal neglect. Their biological parents lacked the ability to undertake necessary lifestyle changes. Neglected investigations into learning disabilities and neuropsychiatric disorders were seen in the school and healthcare sector, and better collaboration with the Social Services after a report of harm might be a potential for future improvements. Rival discourses were underlying the (in) decision regarding foster home placement.ConclusionA child’s right to health was a strong discourse for acting when a child was at risk for harm, but parental rights are strong when relocation to a foster home is judged to be necessary.  相似文献   

Converting between estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity derived from raw accelerations measured at the wrist and from ActiGraph counts measured at the hip: the Rosetta Stone     

Keith Brazendale  Michael W. Beets  Alex V. Rowlands  Jessica L. Chandler  Stuart J. Fairclough  Lynne M. Boddy 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(22):2603-2607

The ability to compare published group-level estimates of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across studies continues to increase in difficulty. The objective of this study was to develop conversion equations and demonstrate their utility to compare estimates of MVPA derived from the wrist and hip. Three studies of youth (N = 232, 9-12yrs, 50% boys) concurrently wore a hip-worn ActiGraph and a wrist-worn GENEActiv for 7-days. ActiGraph hip count data were reduced using four established cutpoints. Wrist accelerations were reduced using the Hildebrand MVPA 200 mg threshold. Conversion equations were developed on a randomly selected subsample of 132 youth. Equations were cross-validated and absolute error, absolute percent error, and modified Bland-Altman plots were evaluated for conversion accuracy. Across equations R²_adj was 0.51–0.56 with individual-level absolute error in minutes ranging from 7 (wrist-to-hip Puyau) to 14.5 minutes (wrist-to-hip Freedson 3MET) and absolute percent differences ranging from 13.9%-24.5%. Group-level cross-validation to convert hip-to-wrist MVPA resulted in average absolute percent errors ranging from 3.1%-4.9%. Conversion of wrist-to-hip MVPA resulted in average absolute percent errors ranging from 3.0%-10.0%. We recommend the use of these equations to compare published estimates of MVPA between the wear-site cut-point combinations presented.  相似文献   

‘You can tell kind of about the body’: young children,health, fitness and fatness     

Ria Pugmire  Antonia C. Lyons 《Sport, Education and Society》2018,23(6):533-546

Fears of an ‘obesity epidemic’ in New Zealand and elsewhere have led to a growing focus on children’s weight, diet and activities. The aim of this research project was to highlight children’s voices, stepping back from obesity interventions to explore how health and obesity discourses are taken up by young primary school children. Nine 6 and 7-year-olds took part in individual semi-structured interviews which involved play and craft activities to focus discussion. Discourse analysis was used to explore how children talked about bodies, health, fitness and fatness. Children primarily drew on a series of clear-cut dichotomies around good foods and bad foods, and being active, able and fit, as well as constructing health in relation to the body in two distinct ways: fat vs. thin, and big-and-strong vs. small-and-weak. These findings support previous research suggesting that children, from a young age, are taking up narrow corporeal constructions of health in relation to food and fitness ‘choices’, and additionally children assume that these constructions can be ‘read’ off the body. On the other hand, children were also often hesitant, and at times resisted or problematised these straight-forward constructions, occasionally drawing on alternate understandings, including notions of pleasure and practicality, moderation, and being happy and healthy. Future research could explore these ideas further, investigating how children and adults utilise alternate meanings to negotiate the complexity of bodies, health, fitness and fatness.  相似文献   

Aerobic training but no resistance training increases SIRT3 in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese male adolescents     

Katya Vargas-Ortiz  Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez  Arturo Figueroa  Francisco J. Díaz  Paulina G. Montaño-Ascencio 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(2):226-234

In recent years, prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased. A strategy for prevention and management of obesity is aerobic training (AT) due to its effectiveness to decrease fat mass. AT increases the content of SIRT3, a mitochondrial protein that increases the expression of PGC-1α and NFR1, thereby enhances mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Resistance training (RT) provides metabolic benefits but its effect on SIRT3 content is unknown. To compare the effect of AT and RT on SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 protein levels in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese adolescents. Twenty-seven sedentary obese male adolescents (age: 16.7?±?0.9 years; BMI: 33.7?±?4.3?kg/m²) completed a 1-month control period prior to randomization to one of two supervised exercise protocols: AT (3 days/week, 40 min/day, 70–80% peak heart rate) or RT (3 days/week, 11 exercises, 2 sets/exercise, 12 repetitions/set) for 12 weeks. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12 weeks to analyse SIRT3, PGC-1α and NRF-1 proteins content. Peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) and anthropometric variables were evaluated before and after training. AT increased SIRT3 content, which was associated with improvements in PGC-1α content and body fat percentage. RT did not affect SIRT3 or PGC-1α. VO_2peak increased only in AT. The increase in muscle mitochondrial SIRT3 was observed only following AT. In contrast, RT increased muscle mass without improving SIRT3 in obese male adolescents.  相似文献   

肥胖病因学的分子生物学研究新进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

何玉秀 《天津体育学院学报》1999,14(1):7-9

肥胖病因学研究是当前非常热门的研究领域。随着现代分子生物学技术的迅猛发展,有关肥胖病因的分子生物学研究也进展很快。该文对第８届国际肥胖学术会议上报道的有关ＵＣＰｓ、Ｌｅｐｔｉｎ及ＯＢ－Ｒ研究做一简述  相似文献   

肥胖症与运动减肥效果的影响因素   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

郭吟  陈文鹤 《上海体育学院学报》2010,34(3)

运用文献资料法,分析肥胖症的发病原因、肥胖程度和运动能力的诊断、肥胖症的预防.从安全性、运动强度、运动持续时间、运动方式等方面,总结运动减肥效果的影响因素.提出科学运动减肥方法和注意事项:注意饮水、预防运动损伤、控制热能摄入等.  相似文献   

城市小学生肥胖现状、成因及干预措施——由芜湖市区27所小学肥胖生引发的思考     

贝迎九  左新荣  郭荣富 《山东体育学院学报》2010,26(9)

目的:通过整群随机抽样、问卷调查等研究方法,以芜湖市619名肥胖小学生为研究对象,分析城市肥胖儿生成的原因.发现儿童肥胖症成因中,饮食结构影响列首位;其余依次为学习压力过重,无暇锻炼身体;因居住条件限制,活动不足而发胖;家庭遗传倾向.同时,为克服小学生肥胖问题提出了一些干预措施.  相似文献