排序方式： 共有41条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
周琼瑛 《湖南科技学院学报》2006,27(4):194-196
比例原则近年来在公法领域得到发展和完善,它不是宪法明文规定的一项法律原则,而是通过判例在司法实践中发展起来的．比例原则包括适应性原则．必要性原则和均衡性原则三项子原则,主要作为违宪审查标准在宪法中得以适用．本文从研究美国违宪审查判例出发,探讨宪法视野中的比例原则。在我国宪法中引入比例原则,对完善我国宪政体制有重要意义． 相似文献
22.
我国反不正当竞争罚款制度存在处罚上下限设计不当和处罚裁量区间过大等问题。为解决该问题,发挥罚款效用,反不正当竞争罚款制度应以实现最优威慑为主要目标。在反不正当竞争罚款设定时应充分运用比例原则,既要考量多元利益平衡,又要兼顾与民事赔偿之间的衔接,避免整体威慑过度。基于此,反不正当竞争罚款制度的优化举措应为：以精细化罚款为优化思路;罚款设定方式改用倍率数距式为主、数值封顶式为辅;罚款裁量时需考虑基础裁量因素、辅助裁量因素和特别裁量因素。 相似文献
23.
比例原则近年来在公法领域得到发展和完善,它不是宪法明文规定的一项法律原则,而是通过判例在司法实践中发展起来的。比例原则包括适应性原则、必要性原则和均衡性原则三项子原则,主要作为违宪审查标准在宪法中得以适用。从研究美国违宪审查判例出发,探讨宪法视野中的比例原则。在我国宪法中引入比例原则,对完善我国宪政体制有重要意义。 相似文献
24.
治安调解与和谐社会构建 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
治安调解与和谐社会之间存在着历史的和现实的内在联系。治安调解能够有效化解矛盾,解决纠纷,预防犯罪和突发事件,是构建和谐社会的重要手段。我国治安管理的立法和执法实践为治安调解作用的充分发挥创造了条件,但在治安调解适用范围不断扩大的情况下,应以比例原则来控制警察自由裁量权的使用。 相似文献
25.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):107-113
Abstract Sidney and Shephard (1973) were the first to report on the morphology of slalom paddlers and characterized them as having “a substantial standing height and lean body mass, good general muscle development with particular emphasis on the leg muscles”. The purpose of this study was to analyse the morphological characteristics of Olympic slalom kayak and canoe paddlers to determine whether they possess unique physique or structural characteristics that provide an advantage for their sport. Thirty-one male and 12 female slalom paddlers were measured using a battery of 36 anthropometric dimensions in the 15-day period before competition at the 2000 Olympic Games. Male slalom paddlers were older, lighter, shorter, and leaner than previously reported slalom paddlers and had similar height and weight to a reference population of non-athletes. Compared with Olympic sprint paddlers, male slalom paddlers were older, lighter and shorter, and had similar body fat and almost identical proportionality characteristics. Female slalom paddlers were taller, lighter, older, and less fat than those reported previously. They were taller and lighter than the reference population of non-athletes and of similar age and height but lighter and leaner than the Olympic sprint paddlers. While a high brachial index was reported for both male and female slalom paddlers, the Best male paddlers (those ranked in the top 10 placings) were more compact, had smaller proportional hip girth, and showed a tendency for smaller proportional hip breadth but a larger proportional waist girth than the Rest (those not ranked in the top 10 placings). Changes to the technical aspect of the events and to competition rules and the nature and approach to training were explored as possible reasons for some of these differences. We outline the contribution this research makes to talent identification and highlight the need for further research. 相似文献
26.
Sarita Bacciotti Adam Baxter-Jones Adroaldo Gaya José Maia 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(7):749-756
This study aimed to identify physique characteristics (anthropometry, somatotype, body proportionality) of Brazilian female artistic gymnasts, and to compare them across competitive levels (sub-elite versus non-elite) within competitive age-categories. Two hundred forty-nine female gymnasts (68 sub-elite; 181 non-elite) from 26 Brazilian gymnastics clubs, aged 9–20 years and split into four age-categories, were sampled. Gymnasts were assessed for 16 anthropometric traits (height, weight, lengths, widths, girths, and skinfolds); somatotype was determined according to Heath-Carter method, body fat was estimated by bioimpedance, and proportionality was computed based on the z-phantom strategy. Non-elite and sub-elite gymnasts had similar values in anthropometric characteristics, however non-elite had higher fat folds in all age-categories (P < 0.01). In general, mesomorphy was the salient somatotype component in all age-categories, and an increase in endomorphy, followed by a decrease in ectomorphy across age was observed. Regarding proportionality, profile similarity was found between sub-elite and non-elite within age-categories. In conclusion results suggest the presence of a typical gymnast’s physical prototype across age and competitive level, which can be useful to coaches during their selection processes in clubs and regional/national teams. 相似文献
27.
Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to describe the morphological parameters that characterize elite age group divers. Comparisons are made to normative age group data from the Coquitlam Growth Study and the constancy of important characteristics from age group to age group is examined. Data were collected on 27 male and 28 female elite divers who participated in the 1990 North American Age Group Diving Championships. Body build, body composition and skinfold corrected diameters were determined from 36 anthropometric parameters and analysed by ANOVA, t‐test and Phantom 2‐scores procedures. All age groups except the 14‐ to 15‐year‐old males were significantly (P ≤0.05) shorter than their norms but recorded higher androgyny index values. The estimated relative muscle mass increased significantly (P≤0.05) with age for males at all ages (40.8–46.3%). The 16‐ to 18‐year‐old females had a significantly (P<0.05) larger relative muscle component compared to the younger age groups (40.1–38.4%). When normalized for height, active tissue development of the extremities was comparable between the sexes except in the forearm. The results indicate that at all age levels short stature is an important characteristic for divers. Analysis of regional active tissue development provides further insight into sport‐specific prerequisites for success at elite levels. 相似文献
28.
29.
非学术标准是国家与高等学校在学位授予活动中对学位申请人所提出的有关政治素质和道德品
行要求，可分为政治标准和品行标准。通过实证分析发现，目前《学位条例》《学位条例暂行实施办法》对学
位申请人的品行标准或未提出明确要求，或对各高校自主设定非学术标准授权不明，使得各高校自主设定
的非学术标准在设定权限与内容方面存在合法性与合理性危机，并由此导致学位管理实践中的若干诉讼纷
争。根据法治的一般原理，非学术标准在设定权限上需遵循高校自主设定权有限原则，在设定内容和设定
程序上需恪守比例原则和正当程序原则。建议《学位条例》在修订中明确非学术标准的具体内涵，增加与非
学术标准相关的拒绝授予学位条款，并为学位申请人提供相应救济机制，以维护学位申请人合法权利。 相似文献
30.
Jasbir S. Chahal 《Resonance》2006,11(7):30-41
The basic notions of length, area and volume were not alien to the prehistoric civilizations. The pyramids, palaces and great
baths built more than 4000 years ago provide ample evidence. We begin our investigation of geometry with a discussion of areas
of simple geometric objects. 相似文献