有氧运动对高三学生身体素质和心肺功能的影响     

陆世斌 《大众科技》2014,(2):100-101,105

近几年我国高中学生体质测试结果呈现逐年下降趋势。文章探讨有氧运动对高三学生身体素质和心肺功能的影响。方法:采用对比实验的方法,实验前后均采用TSN100系列学生体质测量仪器、TSN100-TJ系列台阶指数脉搏测试仪、意大利COSMED肺功能测试仪采集数据。结论:10周有氧运动能改善体质较差的高三学生的身体素质和心肺功能。  相似文献   

我国中小学国家武术操实施的意义与策略研究简     

张长思 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2014,(1):42-46

文章界定了国家武术操的概念、内容与特点,结合逻辑分析法剖析了国家武术实施的战略意义与优势,通过实地考察法发现当前中小学国家武术操实施的问题与困难,并提出对应策略.研究认为,领导对国家武术操认识不足重视不够,专业武术师资、训练场地与设施匮乏以及学校武术文化建设滞后等问题正严重阻碍着武术操推广实施的步伐.因此,应加大组织、舆论、师资、课程、经费、动力、环境、形式、活动的保证等方面的实施力度,扫除影响国家武术操顺利实施和推进的障碍.  相似文献   

Women and exercise in aging     

《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(3):170-178

Aging is associated with physiological declines, notably a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and lean body mass, with a concurrent increase in body fat and central adiposity. Interest in women and aging is of particular interest partly as a result of gender specific responses to aging, particularly as a result of menopause. It is possible that the onset of menopause may augment the physiological decline associated with aging and inactivity. More so, a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (an accumulation of cardiovascular disease risk factors including obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, and high fasting glucose) has been shown in middle-aged women during the postmenopausal period. This is due in part to the drastic changes in body composition, as previously discussed, but also a change in physical activity (PA) levels. Sarcopenia is an age related decrease in the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fibers that consequently leads to a decline in physical function, gait speed, balance, coordination, decreased BMD, and quality of life. PA plays an essential role in combating physiological decline associated with aging. Maintenance of adequate levels of PA can result in increased longevity and a reduced risk for metabolic disease along with other chronic diseases. The aim of this paper is to review relevant literature, examine current PA guidelines, and provide recommendations specific to women based on current research.  相似文献   

Science and Gaelic football: A review     

T. Reilly  D. Doran 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):181-193

This review focuses on Gaelic football and scientific reports of the characteristics of its players and the demands of the game. Anthropometric characteristics vary according to positional role, but top players display high muscularity and good all-round fitness at the peak of the competitive season. Match analysis indicates that exercise intensity is roughly equivalent to that for professional soccer. Average heart rates are approximately 160 beats· min-1 during competitive matches, and average oxygen consumption is about 72% of maximum. Metabolic fatigue in active muscles is unlikely. Conventional biomechanical and electromyographic techniques are useful in gaining insight into individual games skills. Inadequate attention has been given to injury prevention and to psychological aspects of the game. Although possessing unique characteristics, Gaelic football has many similarities with other football codes, especially Australian Rules football where the ball is played by both hands and feet and where tackling is permitted.  相似文献   

Science and medicine of rowing: A review     

Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.  相似文献   

Shorter intervals at peak SV vs.V̇O2max may yield high SV with less physiological stress     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):623-630

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Validity of equations for estimating aerobic fitness in Mexican youth     

César Iván Ayala-Guzmán 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(16):1884-1891

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of prediction equations for estimating maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) based on the PACER test and different adiposity indicators in Mexican youth. A convenience sample of youth aged 9–18 years from schools in Mexico City was recruited. VO_2peak was evaluated with a laboratory exercise test on a treadmill and using a gas analyser and with the 20-m PACER test guidelines. The sample was randomly divided to develop new equations (n = 220) and to evaluate their validity (n = 106). Prediction equations of VO_2peak were developed using multiple linear regression models. The adiposity indicators were BMI, waist circumference and body fat. The validity of the new and previously published equations was evaluated based on linear regression models, intra-class coefficient, Akaike’s information criterion, mean absolute percentage error and Bland-Altman graphs. Equations with waist circumference and body fat performed better than those with BMI and without any anthropometric indicator. The accuracy of the developed equations (R² = 57.0%–59.50%) was higher than that of previously published equations (R² = 24.1%–56.0%). The new equations had lower bias in estimating VO_2peak. In Mexican youth, the estimation of VO_2peak from the 20-m PACER test is more accurate after including waist circumference or body fat than with BMI.  相似文献   

健康体适能视域下探析运动改善老年T2DM患者的机理     

李慧阁  张冠华  王海宏 《精武》2012,(6):13-15

本文从健康体适能的角度审视运动与老年T2DM患者的关系,为运动防治IR的发生、发展及一些代谢性疾病的预防和治疗提供重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

有氧无氧组合练习对女大学生身体形态指标的影响     

张海英  路连举 《宜春学院学报》2011,33(12)

通过随机选取的60名女大学生为研究对象,经过10周的实验,探讨有氧无氧组合练习对女大学生身体形态部分指标的影响,求证其对改善女大学生身体形态、塑造体形的效果。实验结果表明：通过有氧无氧组合练习,女大学生体重、围度（上臂围、腰围、大腿围和小腿围）指标均有所下降,并有高度统计学意义（p〈0．01）;臀围指标有所下降,并有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。身体质量指数和腰臀比方面,趋近于健康标准的人数增加。证明有氧无氧组合练习对改善女大学生身体形态起到良好的效果。  相似文献   

Running for your life: A review of physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk reduction in individuals with schizophrenia     

Claire Chalfoun  Antony D. Karelis  Emmanuel Stip 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(16):1500-1515

Individuals with schizophrenia have a greater risk for cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia), cardiovascular diseases and mortality. This risky profile may be explained by the adverse effects of antipsychotic medications and an unhealthy lifestyle (e.g. smoking, poor nutrition and low physical activity). In the general population, physical activity has been shown to be the optimal strategy to improve both cardiometabolic parameters and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Accordingly, an emerging literature of non-pharmacological interventions (e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy, diet and physical activity) has been studied in individuals with schizophrenia. Therefore, the purpose of this review was 1) to conduct a critical literature review of non-pharmacological interventions that included some kind of physical activity (including supervised and unsupervised exercise training) and target cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with schizophrenia. 2) To describe the contribution of physical activity alone by reviewing trials of supervised exercise training programmes only. A literature review via systematic keyword search for publications in Medline, PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO was performed. Many non-pharmacological interventions are efficient in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors when combined with physical activity. Supervised physical activity has been successful in decreasing cardiovascular disease risk, and aerobic interval training appears to provide more benefits by specifically targeting cardiorespiratory fitness levels. In conclusion, physical activity is an effective strategy for addressing cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with schizophrenia. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility and impact of exercise training programmes in individuals with schizophrenia.  相似文献