本科教学改革的系统思考——以“高考不分文理”改革目标为背景     

高耀明 《复旦教育论坛》2014,(6)

"高考不分文理"将为大学推进本科教学改革和实施通识教育带来契机。本文以"高考不分文理"改革目标为背景,运用系统思考原理,讨论了大学本科教学改革的成长上限,揭示了本科教学改革的高杠杆解,并尝试提出了本科教学改革的路径:把课程实施大纲作为本科教学改革的高杠杆解,通过推行课程实施大纲,分三步持续推进本科教学改革,实现本科通识教育的改革目标。  相似文献   

Epidemiological pattern of bullying using a multi-assessment approach: Results from the Bullying and Youth Mental Health Naples Study (BYMHNS)     

《Child abuse & neglect》2019

BackgroundBullying is a widespread phenomenon that has captured attention from mental health researchers. Several studies have assessed bullying prevalence with some methodological concerns.ObjectivesPreliminary, we analyzed the psychometric properties of two bullying scales for victimization (the multidimensional peer victimization scale – MPVS) and for perpetration (the bully subscale of the Illinois bully scale – IBS-B); then, we estimated bullying prevalence; finally, we evaluated the effect of gender and classroom on the phenomenon.Participants and setting2959 students from the metropolitan city of Naples constituted the sample.MethodsData collection was obtained using a multi-assessment approach that included both single-item questions and intensity scales in order to compare the two methods.ResultsThe two scales resulted valid and showed good reliability. The MPVS displayed a 1-factor second order model. The IBS-B had a mono-factorial structure. Both showed full invariance for gender and classroom. Prevalence of victimization was 37% whereas that for perpetration was 21%. As expected we obtained several bullying prevalence results depending on the specificity of questions and in particular repetitiveness of episodes. There was a good correspondence between results of single-item questions and multi-item scales. Finally results demonstrated several differences for gender and classroom attended.ConclusionIn this epidemiological study the multi-assessment approach identified different but complementary features of bullying phenomena. The use of the two measurement approaches allowed us to obtain more precise and exhaustive information on bullying prevalence and compare it with previous findings.  相似文献   

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success     

Andrew Green  Chloe Dafkin  Samantha Kerr  Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.  相似文献   

系统论视角下广东省广场体育文化评价指标体系研究     

韩〓晗  杜熙茹 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(5):51-55

在阅读和梳理中外相关研究文献的基础上,初步提出广东省广场体育文化指标体系.采用特尔斐法,通过三轮专家问卷调查,吸取了专家们的意见和建议,对指标体系不断进行修改和完善,通过因子分析法进一步对其检验,最终确立广东省广场体育文化指标体系,包括广场体育物质文化、广场体育制度文化、广场体育精神文化和广场体育行为文化,4个一级指标、10个二级指标和32个三级指标.该指标已在广东省个案广场调查中应用,结果显示,这套指标设置合理,便于操作,适合我省广场体育文化建设调查和分析,对推动广场体育文化建设和促进全民健身活动开展将具有重要价值.  相似文献   

关于新形势下社科学术类期刊的发展——以《思想理论教育导刊》为例     

查朱和 《出版科学》2011,19(2):64-67

为尽快适应机制转轨的要求,社科学术类期刊应转变观念,更新思路,大胆探索,在市场经济的洪流中立住足,夯实根基,尽快做大做强。  相似文献   

Swedish PE teachers’ understandings of legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system     

Lena Svennberg 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2017,22(3):257-269

Background: Physical Education (PE) has been associated with a multi-activity model in which movement is related to sport discourses and sport techniques. However, as in many international contexts, the Swedish national PE syllabus calls for a wider and more inclusive concept of movement. Complex movement adapted to different settings is valued, and in the national grading criteria qualitative measures of movement are used. This research seeks to examine how the wider concept of movement is interpreted and graded. Drawing on Bernstein’s concept of the pedagogic device, the paper explores teachers’ roles as active mediators in the transformation of national grading criteria for movement and the kinds of movement that are valued in teachers’ grading practices. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate what PE teachers consider legitimate movement in a criterion-referenced grading system and the factors that influence their grading practice. The Repertory Grid (RG) technique was employed in order to access their tacit knowledge. Methodology: Seven Swedish PE teachers were interviewed, all of whom teach and grade years seven to nine in different compulsory schools. Using the RG technique, the teachers were asked to reflect on the aspects they considered important for achieving a high grade. The national grading criteria for years seven to nine were then presented one at a time and the teachers were asked to describe how they assessed and graded each requirement. The teachers were also asked whether any specific factors had influenced their grading. In the content analysis, the second part of the interview was attended to first and the results were interpreted in light of Bernsteins’ concept of the pedagogic device. Findings: Sport techniques and competitive sports influenced the teachers’ interpretations of what constitutes complex movement. The aspect of fitness also appeared to be valued by the teachers in that it facilitates the valued movement. In some cases the difficulty of describing movement qualities in words could reduce the concept of movement to something measurable and quantifiable. The teachers’ concerns about students’ unequal opportunities to develop and demonstrate their skills also influenced the teachers’ interpretation of complex movement. Conclusions: In the transformation of national grading criteria to grading practice, the pedagogic actions taken inform and limit the way in which legitimate movement in PE is conceptualised. Adopting a concept of movement that is wider than competitive sports allows the structures of inequality to be addressed and enables the movements performed by students with other moving experiences than competitive sports to be valued. The tension between the demands of transparency in a high stakes grading system and the inability to articulate the quality of complex movements is problematic. There is a need to verbalise teachers’ conceptions about physical education knowledge to be able to discuss and develop the concept of movement. In this process, the RG technique is a potentially useful tool. Having the language to discuss movement qualities also enables us to strengthen the interrelation between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment.  相似文献   

AHKC儿童青少年体力活动评估体系研究     

岳建军 《成都体育学院学报》2016,(5):33-39

全民健身关系人民群众身体健康和生活幸福，儿童青少年是全民健身工作的重点。本文通过对加拿大儿童青少年体力活动评估体系研究，为我国儿童青少年体力活动促进工作提供借鉴。研究认为：加拿大儿童青少年体力活动评估体系注重多学科研究成果的实践转化，评估指标围绕儿童青少年体力活动生态系统进行构建，评估标准采用标准参照与常模参照相结合的方式，以百分数的形式将评估结果分成若干差别明显的等级水平，评估主体采用第三方评估团队，借用逻辑模型理念进行实施。在此基础上，提出我国构建儿童青少年体力活动评估体系的理由和路径。  相似文献   

Assessment in special schools: national early assessment procedures and pupils attending special schools in England     

Ann Lewis  Geoff Lindsay  Emma Phillips 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):141-153

An implicit assumption that fostering inclusion means having shared systems encompassing the needs of all children is evident in many aspects of policy development over the past decade. Reflecting this, the implementation of ‘baseline assessment’ schemes (i.e. testing at around age 5 years) is a statutory requirement on all state-maintained special and mainstream schools in England since 1998. Our argument is that the enthusiasm for commonality has obscured the need to question the value and validity of baseline assessment schemes for children with special educational needs (and possibly some others such as children having English as an additional language). We illustrate this position with reference to data from our recent study on baseline assessment in England. The study encompassed survey data from a national sample of 982 schools, of which 107 were special schools. Between them, these special schools used 42 different baseline assessment schemes. Comparisons between our mainstream and special school respondents indicated that there were similarities in the nature and perceived value of the schemes used. However, special schools were less satisfied with their schemes. We suggest that a reappraisal of the nature and purpose of baseline assessment for pupils with special educational needs warrants greater critical debate. Without this, there is a danger that a stress on commonality, veiling an inclusion orthodoxy, will ultimately be counterproductive.  相似文献   

Hybrid event based control architecture for tele-robotic systems controlled through Internet     

李晓明  杨灿军  陈鹰  胡旭东 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(3)

INTRODUCTIONWiththerapiddevelopmentofInternettech-nology,moreandmoreInternetbasedapplicationsinindustrieshavebeenbroughtforth,rangingfromwebbaseddataacquisition(Huetal.,2002)torobotssharingthroughtheInternet(Safaricetal.,1999).Inrecentyears,manyscientistsandengi-neershavedevotedenthusiasticallymuchtimetostudyofInternetbasedtele-roboticsystems(BradyandTarn,2001).Internet,asachannelofcommu-nication,providesanewmediaforcontrolsignalsandsensoryinformationdeliverycontrollablethroughtheInter…  相似文献   

现代电子系统设计手段研究     

李林 《重庆职业技术学院学报》2004,13(3):107-109

在现代电子系统中,传统的方法已不能满足现代系统的需要,但现代电子系统的设计手段繁多,不好掌握.本文系统地分析总结了现代各类电子系统的设计手段,并提出了现代设计手段的不足和发展方向.  相似文献