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21.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(2):74-85
BackgroundThis prospective study explored the effects of endurance running (ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot's superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch. Our hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher, stronger, stiffer arches.MethodsThe hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups, a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear, whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training regime. Running kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment period.ResultsAnalysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitorum brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11% and 21%, respectively, but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18% and 22%, respectively, and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness (60%).ConclusionThese results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the spring-like function of the longitudinal arch, thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch, thereby strengthening the foot. 相似文献
22.
目的:探讨过早大强度专业化训练武术步型是否对人体下肢的形态存在消极的影响,从而科学地进行武术训练。方法:将陕西省武术队(包括已退役的)一级以上的武术套路队员35名与体育院系武术学生35名以及普通高校学生35名的下肢形态有关指标进行比较。结果显示:体育院系武术学生与普通学生的下肢形态无明显差异(P>0 05);武术专业队员与普通学生具有显著性差异(P<0 001);武术专业队员的腿部趋于"O"型和步态内扣。武术动作影响下肢形态主要是其步型。结论:过早大强度专业化训练武术步型对人体下肢形态存在着消极的影响。 相似文献
23.
有关韵律构词理论,有几个问题一直争论不清,一是[1 2]的[形 名]结构的韵律格式如何划分,二是[1 2]的[名 名]结构为何存在。之所以争论不清,是因为各家都没有把一个重要的因素——意义考虑在内。本文通过论证得出结论:意义在韵律词的形成过程中起的作用是根本的。 相似文献
24.
夏爱元 《湖南城市学院学报》2005,26(3):42-44
日本近代著名文学家夏目漱石的后期代表作之一《行人》是一部引人深思的作品。作者集中塑造了找不到精神家园的学者一郎的矛盾形象，着重剖析了日本明治时代知识分子可怜、可悲、可叹、孤独痛苦的内心世界和空虚无奈的生存状态。从作品的思想内容、创作背景、写作特色等方面来看，一郎这一形象均具有一定的典型意义。 相似文献
25.
郑玉霞 《鞍山师范学院学报》2000,(3)
运用运动生物力学分析方法 ,对男女跳马前手翻前空翻转体 54 0°动作进行对比分析 ,总结出他们上板踏跳技术的共性规律 ,找出男女之间的差距和不同 ,以促进女子这个动作向更高难度发展 ,提供一定的理论依据和技术参数 相似文献
26.
Wing-Kai Lam Lok-Yee Pak Charis King-Wai Wong Mohammad Farhan Tan Sang-Kyoon Park Jiseon Ryu 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(14):1629-1634
ABSTRACT While foot orthoses are commonly used in running, little is known regarding biomechanical risk potentials during uphill running. This study investigated the effects of arch-support orthoses on kinetic and kinematic variables when running at different inclinations. Sixteen male participants ran at different inclinations (0°, 3° and 6°) when wearing arch-support and flat orthoses on an instrumented treadmill. Arch-support orthoses induced longer contact time, larger initial ankle dorsiflexion, maximum ankle eversion, and knee sagittal range of motion (RoM) (p < 0.05). As incline slopes increased, vertical impact peak and loading rate, stride length, and ankle coronal RoM decreased, but contact time, stride frequency, initial ankle dorsiflexion and inversion, maximum dorsiflexion, initial knee flexion, and ankle sagittal RoM increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, knee sagittal RoM was lowest when running at an inclination of 3°. The interaction effect indicated that in arch-support condition, participants running at 6° induced higher maximum ankle eversion than running at 0° (p < 0.05), while no differences were found in flat orthosis condition. These findings suggest that the use of arch-support orthoses would influence running biomechanics that is related to injury risks. Running at higher inclination led to more alterations to biomechanical variables than at lower inclination. 相似文献
27.
Ki Hoon Han Christopher Como Jemin Kim Sangwoo Lee Jaewoong Kim Dae Kyoo Kim 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(2):115-134
The purposes of this study were to characterise the golfer–ground interactions during the swing and to identify meaningful associations between the golfer–ground interaction force/moment parameters and the maximum clubhead speed in 63 highly skilled male golfers (handicap ≤ 3). Golfers performed shots in 3 club conditions (driver, 5-iron and pitching wedge) which were captured by an optical motion capture system and 2 force plates. In addition to the ground reaction forces (GRFs), 3 different golfer–ground interaction moments (GRF moments, pivoting moments and foot contact moments) were computed. The GRF moment about the forward/backward (F/B) axis and the pivoting moment about the vertical axis were identified as the primary moments. Significant (p < 0.05) correlations of peak force parameters (all components in the lead foot and F/B component in the trail foot) and peak moment parameters (lead-foot GRF moment and trail-foot pivoting moment) to clubhead speed were found. The lead-foot was responsible for generating the GRF moment, while the trail foot contributed to the pivoting moment more. The instant the lead arm becomes parallel to the ground was identified as the point of maximum angular effort, and the loading onto the lead-foot near this point was critical in generating both peak moments. 相似文献
29.
Bastiaan Breine Philippe Malcolm Ine Van Caekenberghe Pieter Fiers Edward C. Frederick Dirk De Clercq 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1556-1564
This study assessed kinematic differences between different foot strike patterns and their relationship with peak vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR) of the ground reaction force (GRF). Fifty-two runners ran at 3.2 m · s?1 while we recorded GRF and lower limb kinematics and determined foot strike pattern: Typical or Atypical rearfoot strike (RFS), midfoot strike (MFS) of forefoot strike (FFS). Typical RFS had longer contact times and a lower leg stiffness than Atypical RFS and MFS. Typical RFS showed a dorsiflexed ankle (7.2 ± 3.5°) and positive foot angle (20.4 ± 4.8°) at initial contact while MFS showed a plantar flexed ankle (?10.4 ± 6.3°) and more horizontal foot (1.6 ± 3.1°). Atypical RFS showed a plantar flexed ankle (?3.1 ± 4.4°) and a small foot angle (7.0 ± 5.1°) at initial contact and had the highest VILR. For the RFS (Typical and Atypical RFS), foot angle at initial contact showed the highest correlation with VILR (r = ?0.68). The observed higher VILR in Atypical RFS could be related to both ankle and foot kinematics and global running style that indicate a limited use of known kinematic impact absorbing “strategies” such as initial ankle dorsiflexion in MFS or initial ankle plantar flexion in Typical RFS. 相似文献
30.
《运动与健康科学(英文)》2014,3(2):95-101
BackgroundInvestigations of running gait among barefoot and populations have revealed a diversity of foot strike behaviors, with some preferentially employing a rearfoot strike (RFS) as the foot touches down while others employ a midfoot strike (MFS) or forefoot strike (FFS). Here, we report foot strike behavior and joint angles among traditional Hadza hunter-gatherers living in Northern Tanzania.MethodsHadza adults (n = 26) and juveniles (n = 14) ran at a range of speeds (adults: mean 3.4 ± 0.7 m/s, juveniles: mean 3.2 ± 0.5 m/s) over an outdoor trackway while being recorded via high-speed digital video. Foot strike type (RFS, MFS, or FFS) and hind limb segment angles at foot strike were recorded.ResultsHadza men preferentially employed MFS (86.7% of men), while Hadza women and juveniles preferentially employed RFS (90.9% and 85.7% of women and juveniles, respectively). No FFS was recorded. Speed, the presence of footwear (sandals vs. barefoot), and trial duration had no effect on foot strike type.ConclusionUnlike other habitually barefoot populations which prefer FFS while running, Hadza men preferred MFS, and Hadza women and juveniles preferred RFS. Sex and age differences in foot strike behavior among Hadza adults may reflect differences in running experience, with men learning to prefer MFS as they accumulate more running experience. 相似文献