Does LDL-C Estimation Using Anandaraja’s Formula Give a Better Agreement with Direct LDL-C Estimation than the Friedewald’s Formula?     

Shalini Gupta  Minni Verma  Kamaljit Singh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(2):127-133

Estimation of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is crucial in management of coronary artery disease patients. Though a number of homogenous assays are available for estimation of LDL-C, use of calculated LDL-C by Friedewald’s formula (FF) is common in Indian laboratories for logistic reasons. Recently Anandaraja and colleagues have derived a new formula for calculating LDL-C. This formula needs to be evaluated before it is extensively applied in diagnosis. We measured LDL-C by homogenous method (D-LDL-C) in 515 fasting samples. Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas were used for calculation of LDL-C (F-LDL-C and A-LDL-C, respectively). The mean LDL-C levels were 123.3 ± 53.2, 112.4 ± 50.2 and 109.2 ± 49.8 mg/dl for D-LDL-C, F-LDL-C and A-LDL-C, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the results (P > 0.001) obtained by calculation formulas compared to the measured LDL-C. There was underestimation of LDL-C by 10.8 and 14 mg/dl by Friedewald’s and Anandaraja’s formulas respectively. The Pearson’s correlation between F-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.931 and that between A-LDL-C and D-LDL-C was 0.930. Bland–Altman graphs showed a definite agreement between mean and differences of the calculation formulas and direct LDL-C with 95% of values lying with in ±2 SD limits. The mean percentage difference (calculated as {(Calculated LDL-C)-(D-LDL-C)}/D-LDL-C × 100) for F-LDL-C was maximum (−11.6%) at HDL-C ≥ 60 mg/dl and TG levels of 200–300 mg/dl (−10.4%) compared to D-LDL-C. A-LDL-C results gave highest mean percentage difference at total cholesterol concentrations <100 mg/dl (−37.3%) and HDL-C < 40 mg/dl (−17.1%), respectively. The results of our study showed that FF is better in agreement with D-LDL-C than Anandaraja’s formula for estimation of LDL-C by calculation though both lead to its underestimation.  相似文献   

完善格式条款法律规制的探讨     

许均秀 《广播电视大学学报》2009,(3):51-53

我国《合同法》有关格式条款的规定在解释上存在不协调和矛盾性,应充分体现对相对人利益的特别保护,同时应注意保证《合同法》的系统性、科学性和逻辑性。  相似文献   

论传统武术中的女性意象     

杨亮斌  郭玉成  郭发明 《成都体育学院学报》2015,(5):88-93

在封建文化的影响下,女性群体被排除在武术活动之外。但是在传统武术中却有很多以女性意象为素材编创成的传统武术动作和套路。为了解释上述现象文章采用文献资料法,对传统武术中女性意象进入途径,表现形式和意义进行分析。认为女性意象以象形方式进入传统武术中,随着传统武术对意象的改造,武术动作名称和拳诀成为了意象的主要表现形式;在对以武术动作名称和拳诀为表现形式的传统武术中女性意象意义分析中指出,传统武术中女性意象诠释了武术动作过程,标志着武术哲学的完善,显示出创拳者和当时社会的两性观念。  相似文献   

基于Word文档的数学论文正文格式编排     

饶超 《襄樊学院学报》2008,29(11):86-88

通过Word文档样式的制作以及公式编辑器使用过程中遇到问题的处理,以实现迅速准确地完成数学论文的格式编排工作.  相似文献   

黑体辐射的热力学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩菊  陶才德 《绵阳师范学院学报》2005,24(2):36-38

运用量子统计的方法，分别从谐振子模型和光子气体模型这两种基本模型。推导了黑体辐射能谱公式，即著名的普朗克公式；并且讨论了在高频极限下回到经典统计力学；在低频极限情况下，却表现出明显的量子效应；此外还对黑体辐射的各种反映热力学性质的物理量进行了较全面的研究。  相似文献   

对一个特殊的变质量问题的探讨     

杨茜玲  曹东波 《湖南城市学院学报》1997,(6)

对一个特殊的变质量问题进行了探讨。这个变质量问题的解的形式与相对论质量公式相类似。  相似文献   

What does it take to achieve equality of opportunity in education?: An empirical investigation based on Brazilian data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Fbio D. Waltenberg  Vincent Vandenberghe 《Economics of Education Review》2007,26(6):709

Roemer's [Roemer, J. (1998). Equality of opportunity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.] seminal work on equality of opportunity has contributed to the emergence of a theory of justice that is modern, conceptually clear and easy to mobilize in policy design. Inspired by Roemer's theory, this paper is fundamentally a policy-modeling exercise coupled to a micro data analysis. In a pure allocation setting, we first analyze the reallocations of educational expenditure required to equalize opportunities (taken to be test scores close to the end of compulsory education). Using Brazilian data, we find that implementing an equal-opportunity policy across pupils of different socio-economic background, by using per-pupil spending as the instrument requires multiplying by 6.8 on average the current level of spending on the lowest achieving pupils. This result is driven by the extremely low elasticity of scores to per-pupil spending. We then show that the simultaneous redistribution of monetary and non-monetary inputs, like peer group quality and school effectiveness, considerably reduces—by around 23%—the magnitude of financial redistribution needed.  相似文献   

生产要素价值论、“三位一体公式”与劳动价值论和我国按要素分配问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜启渭 《黄冈师范学院学报》2002,22(2):7-10

生产要素价值论正在替代效用价值论在我国与劳动价值论相衡。在国内一些重要的权威的报章,电视台,杂志和出版物上都可听到这种声音。要素价值论是百年前“三位一体的公式”的翻版。马克思对三位一体公式有深刻的科学的批判。重温这一批判对认识要价值论是有益的。我国今天的按要素分配,其理论依据与要素价值论理论完全不同,但也含有某些“异化”因素。解决异化问题,只有利用包含异化因素在内的一切力量,尽快提高生产力水平。  相似文献   

关于大学生方程式赛车车队的组织与管理的探讨     

张瑞乾 《教育教学论坛》2019,(22):7-8

大学生方程式赛车车队作为高校中的一个社团组织,对学生的组织能力、车辆的设计、制造能力、动手实践能力、社会交往能力都有较大的促进作用。本文主要围绕如何解决大赛对学业的冲突,合理规划和协调车队的组织与管理,既可以提高学生的实践创新能力,又可以促进对理论课程教学工作,达到全面培养人才为目的而进行探讨。  相似文献   

Griffith强度理论在非金属材料断裂中的应用     

陆春芸  张汉兴 《武汉工程职业技术学院学报》1997,(1)

本文讨论非金属材料在外力作用下产生的断裂类型,断裂机理和三种开裂类型的判别式,结合具体实例进行了计算,并与其它强度理论进行了对比,认为Griffith 强度理论对于非金属材料的断裂问题判据是适用的.  相似文献