结果期待意识对《红楼梦》的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈才训 《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2005,32(6):61-65

结果期待意识是中华民族特有的一种审美心理,它对中国古典小说产生了明显影响,《红楼梦》则集中体现了这一民族审美心理。从《红楼梦》看,曹雪芹具有强烈的结果期待意识,所以,他便以章回体、全知视角、纲领(前五回)、诗、词、曲、灯谜、酒令、对联、梦兆、事兆等多种形式不厌其烦地满足读者这一审美心理。而这种审美心理也使《红楼梦》在人物出场、叙事节奏的安排(急用缓笔、中断情节进程)、心理描写等艺术技巧的选择上迎合了读者的审美期待。同时,《红楼梦》大量续书的出现,红学中索引、考证、探佚等诸流派的产生,也无不体现了结果期待的审美心理。  相似文献   

高职数学教学的心理学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

祝丹梅 《辽宁高职学报》2001,3(6):70-71

从心理学的角度探讨了象数学这样相对抽象的，重要的基础知识比较难于确定与职业技术教育相结合的切入点和结合部的原因，结合工作实践提出了针对于主体心理，算式心理和实用心理的改革意见。  相似文献   

科学技术方法与心理学     

刘新学 《安阳师范学院学报》2004,(1):65-67

科学技术方法产生于科学技术的认识和实践过程中,心理学在其发展的历程中,毫无例外地移植了其适用于自己的研究方法,这些科学方法大大促进了心理学的发展,使心理学成为独立的学科,同时,由于研究者在运用科学技术方法时,片面强调某一种范式,企图把心理学体系固定在某一框架内,不可避免地带来一些缺陷,这缺陷引发当今的心理学危机.要使心理学从危机中走出来,要从自然辩证法的高度,综合使用科学方法,使心理学摆脱危机,走向成熟.  相似文献   

Attention to semantic versus phonetic verbal attributes as a function of individual differences in arousal and learning strategy     

Ronald R. Schmeck  Mark Spofford 《Contemporary educational psychology》1982,7(4):312-319

It has been argued that deep processing of semantic information helps students to learn faster and perform better on classroom tests. Using paired associates tasks, it has been found that high arousal subjects make more errors when the response terms are phonetically similar. Subjects low on arousal make more errors when response words are semantically similar. If the encodings of semantic features are assumed to be “deeper” and more durable than the encodings of “shallow,” phonetic features, then studies have suggested that anxious students process shallowly and are thus at a disadvantage when learning information. The present study treats deep processing as a learning style and used the Synthesis—Analysis scale of the Inventory of Learning Processes to assess it. It is hypothesized that arousal would be negatively related to the learning style of deep processing. It is also hypothesized that the interaction obtained in earlier studies, i.e., greater susceptibility to semantic interference with low arousal and phonetic interference with high arousal, would occur only when Synthesis—Analysis scores are low. It is assumed that the habitual use of a deep processing strategy by students high on Synthesis—Analysis could counteract the limiting effect of arousal on cue utilization. The study provides support for both hypotheses.  相似文献   

The sexual nature of sexual abuse. A review of the literature     

N Frude 《Child abuse & neglect》1982,6(2):211-223

The growing literature on sexual abuse within the family is reviewed within the context of a simple model which emphasises the role of sexual factors and de-emphasises some of the more "dynamic" factors which many other authors have stressed. Evidence from a number of studies is quoted and found to support the view that fathers engaging in sexual activity with their daughters often have unfulfilled sexual needs. They often find the child or children sexually attractive and use a variety of strategies both to deal with their own inhibitions against sexual involvement with the child and to overcome the child's own potential resistance. Furthermore, these parents often find themselves in situations which provide a special opportunity for undetected abuse and they also strive to arrange such circumstances. A view of sexual abuse as primarily fulfilling sexual needs could well lead to a significant change in the management of cases in which sexual abuse has already occurred or is seen as likely to occur.  相似文献   

A new perspective on emotions     

J J Campos 《Child abuse & neglect》1984,8(2):147-156

This paper reviews the recent history of the study of human emotions in psychology and traces the factors that have been responsible for a remarkable increase of interest in emotions, especially in human development. In particular, it traces the rise of the study of emotions as regulators of human behavior. A particularly clear and powerful illustration of the regulatory role of emotional expressions on behavior is the phenomenon of social referencing. This concept deals with the use of emotional information in another's facial, vocal or gestural expression to clarify uncertain situations. Research on social referencing is reviewed, showing the importance of social referencing with infants as young as 8.5 months. The clinical implications of the concept are briefly explored.  相似文献   

Predictors of psychological distress and well-being in a sample of Australian undergraduate students     

Miles Bore  Chris Pittolo  Dianne Kirby  Teresa Dluzewska  Stuart Marlin 《高等教育研究与发展》2016,35(5):869-880

Previous research has found university students report higher levels of psychological distress compared to the general population. Our aim was to investigate the degree to which personality and contextual factors predict psychological distress and well-being in students over the course of a semester. We also examined whether resilience-building skills, such as positive self-talk, mindfulness meditation and self-management, included in a first-year psychology subject, might reduce distress and improve well-being. Undergraduate first-year students (n?=?150) completed a battery of questionnaires in week three (Time 1; n?=?150) and week 10 (Time 2; n?=?53) of semester. At both times students reported high levels of psychological distress, as measured by the K10, the General Health Questionnaire and the Brief Symptom Inventory, and low levels of psychological well-being, as measured by the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Students exposed to resilience-building skills embedded in a subject (n?=?24) were no less distressed at Time 2 than those not enrolled in that subject (n?=?29). The personality traits of emotional resilience (vs. reactivity) and bounce-back resilience measured at Time 1 were the only significant predictors of psychological distress and well-being measured at Time 2. Students with high emotional and bounce-back resilience had lower psychological distress and higher well-being scores. Future research could consider development and trial of a full semester university subject designed to improve students’ resilience knowledge and skills.  相似文献   

研究生心理健康状况和对策分析     

黄友初 《温州大学学报(社会科学版)》2007,20(5):112-116

在当前的教育情势下,在校研究生心理健康状况日益受到关注。当前在校研究生群体存在压力感沉重、人际交往障碍、自身定位不清等心理健康方面的问题。为解决以上问题,应该建立系统、完整的德育教育体系,加强专业教育,调整角色,认清自我,开展集体活动,加强上网辅导,进行就业辅导,建立研究生党(团)支部等措施。  相似文献   

高职学生学习动机的问卷编制与发展特点研究     

雷春  梁玉蓉  王薇 《贵州教育学院学报》2008,24(2):9-14

目的编制适合高职学生学习动机测量的问卷,探索其发展特点。方法参照国内外有关学习动机的研究成果,编制初试问卷,分别应用1176、1175份问卷调查的调查数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析,并分析问卷的内部一致性。结果高职学生的学习动机包括完成任务动机、获得奖赏动机、解决问题动机、获得赞誉动机、满足兴趣动机等五个因子。不同高职学生群体的学习动机各有其特点。结论所编制的高职学生学习动机问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于测量高职学生的学习动机;教育者在激发动机时应采取相应的策略。  相似文献   

导致信息茧房的多重因素及“破茧”路径     

彭兰 《新闻界》2020,(1):30-38,73

信息茧房问题虽然因个性化推荐算法等技术的发展而日益成为研究热点,但它所指向的人们的选择性心理带来的信息视野狭窄以及观点、立场固化等,并非新的现象。从新媒体传播来看,人们的视野与其获取信息的路径以及相关的信息过滤机制相关,社交网络、平台、算法等都有可能在一定程度上会固化人们的信息获取路径、强化人们的选择性心理,信息茧房的形成,是多种因素的共同作用。要破解信息茧房,同样需要依靠算法与平台的优化、信息供给侧的改进以及个体媒介素养提升等多方面的路径。  相似文献