Differences in teachers' perceptions of personal control of positive versus negative student learning outcomes     

Thomas R Guskey 《Contemporary educational psychology》1982,7(1):70-80

Past research on teachers' causal attributions has shown there to be little relation between perceptions of responsibility for positive versus negative student learning outcomes. In this study, Weiner's model for causal attributions was employed to explore these perceived attributional differences. Data were gathered from 184 teachers from two metropolitan school districts. Statistically significant differences between attributions for positive versus negative outcomes were identified along the dimensions of both internality/externality and stability of cause. Relations to overall efficacy, teaching experience, grade level taught, and teacher gender were also explored; however, only grade level differences were found to be statistically significant.  相似文献   

基于投入产出法的制造业间R&D溢出效应测算及比较          下载免费PDF全文

孙晓华  郑辉 《科研管理》2012,33(2):79-87

通过产业间R&D溢出效应测算方法的比较,选择投入产出法对产业研发活动的总受益者效应、总贡献者效应和产业间溢出效应加以度量,利用2002年、2005年、2007年的投入产出系数和R&D经费支出统计数据测算了我国制造业间的R&D溢出效应,并对测算结果进行了比较分析,结果表明:从横向对比看,轻纺制造业和资源加工业的产业间受益者效应较为明显,机械电子业对其他产业贡献较大;在时序特征上,各制造业间的溢出效应在不断发生变化,但具有一定稳定性。上述结论有望为政府优化科研经费投向,动态调整科研经费投入结构提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Crowdstorm: the future of innovation,ideas, and problem solving     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):111-113

This paper considers the scope for beneficial scientific co-operation and technology transfer among ASEAN countries, Australia and New Zealand in the light of differences in the development status of these countries, their proximity to one another, their resource endowments and other factors. Australian official science and technology aid in the ASEAN region (which of necessity involves some co-operation between the donor and aid recipients) is considered as well as recent initiatives of the Australian Department of Science to promote fully co-operative (‘non-aided’) R&;D in the region. Two examples of regional co-operation in R &; D are considered briefly, namely the development of a malaria vaccine and giant clam farming.  相似文献   

Diffusion of R&D within the Australian Wine Industry     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):351-366

The Australian wine industry's popular image as a leader in R&D can indeed be substantiated. Its oenological and viticultural innovation and technical expertise have set new international benchmarks. The coordination of this R&D has ensured that the industry remains at the leading edge. However, the findings of this paper also substantiate concerns that this R&D is concentrated in what appears to be a South Australian R&D 'epicentre'. Regions and wine operators not connected to this epicentre can be disadvantaged. This paper examines the diffusion of R&D to regional operators and suggests mechanisms for improvement of the current structure.  相似文献   

Revolution in Miniature. The History and Impact of Semiconductor Electronics Second Edition by Ernest Braun and Stuart Macdonald (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge, 1982) pp. viii + 247, $A15.50 (pb), ISBN: 0-521-24701-2 (hb), 0-521-28903-3 (pb)     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):141-143

This paper provides a review of Israel's science and technology policy and traces the growth and development of technology intensive industry in that country. Such policy has generally been neutral with regard to industry, technological field or class of product; concentrates on industrial R &; D directly performed in industrial firms; and is an integral part of overall national industrial policy — being centred in the Ministry of Industry and Commerce. Drawing upon case studies and other statistical evidence, the paper argues that such policy has been partly responsible for Israel's success in building up an indigenous, export-oriented, high technology sector.  相似文献   

行业内和行业间R&D溢出成本消减效应——基于14227家企业数据实证研究     

黄苹  黄河清 《科学学研究》2012,30(2):258-264

 从生产成本视角,利用中国制造业14,227家企业微观数据,考察了行业内和行业间R&D溢出效应。为避免已有研究因提前设定函数形式可能产生估计有误的不足,我们采用超越对数成本函数进行了较准确估计。研究发现,我国九个制造行业存在行业内和行业间R&D溢出成本消减效应,基于不同约束条件下分类样本估计结果表明,企业是否进行R&D投入和产权结构对R&D溢出弹性影响显著。  相似文献   

研发服务业价值链的演化与重构研究     

简兆权  杨金花 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(3):88-93

基于价值链相关理论,探讨了研发服务业价值链的发展演变过程,总结了研发服务业价值链演化过程的三个阶段:集研发服务供求角色于一体、研发服务供求双方建立直接联系、研发服务中介在供求双方之间发挥桥梁作用。围绕研发成果和研发支撑服务的产生过程构建了研发服务业双重价值链。此外,对研发定位、研发系统运行、研发成果应用等三个环节进行了详细分析。  相似文献   

汽车电子专业工作过程导向课程一体化教材的研发     

张永新 《中国现代教育装备》2010,(5):157-158

摘要：以“市场为导向,能力为本位”的现代职业教育思想为指导,强化专业内涵建设,以企业岗位工作任务分析为基础构建汽车电子专业课程体系,积极探索与实践基于工作任务分析的工作过程导向课程改革,并开发了汽车电子专业工作过程导向一体化系列教材。本文针对其意义、特色、核心技术以及操作流程等作了阐述。  相似文献   

建国初期黔东南地区解决三农问题的历史考察——以农业合作化运动为例     

范连生 《凯里学院学报》2010,28(2):39-42

建国初期黔东南地区的土地改革只是初步地解决了三农问题,农村和农民并没有一劳永逸地摆脱贫困,农业生产的发展依然困难重重。为了快速发展农村经济,黔东南地区开展了农业合作化运动。合作化运动在推进三农问题解决的同时,也带来了一些负面效应。  相似文献   

研发成果溢出和研发投资溢出下的企业R＆D策略研究     

方海燕  张薇  吴燕 《金陵职业大学学报》2013,(3):17-20

在存在研发成果溢出与研发投资溢出时,建立了以产量竞争的古诺双寡头两阶段博弈模型。在四种不同的R＆D策略下,比较了两种溢出方式下企业的R＆D水平。研究表明：当存在研发成果溢出时,与存在研发投资溢出相比,企业有较高的R＆D水平;当存在研发投资溢出时,每个企业的R＆D水平随着溢出水平的提高而下降;在没有溢出效应时两个模型是等价的。从促进技术进步的角度来看,无论是存在研发成果溢出还是存在研发投资溢出,在四种策略中,研究联合体策略优于其他任何一种策略。  相似文献