浅析荷恩等级理论的局限性     

王娴贤 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2009,(4):55-57

作为新格莱斯会话含义理论的重要推理契机和出发点,荷恩等级的建立有一定的科学性和规律性。然而困脱离语境,忽视认知结构和诸多社会变量的影响,荷恩等级理论在语言使用中有其局限性。本文拟对列文森所提出来的荷恩等级关系作一些理论上的探讨,指出荷恩等级理论的一些不足之处。  相似文献   

基于三阶段DEA的中国区域二氧化碳排放绩效评价研究   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

华坚  任俊  徐敏  Eric Fong 《资源科学》2013,35(7):1447-1454

要在促进社会经济发展的同时减少二氧化碳排放量,关键在于提高二氧化碳排放绩效.客观正确地评估中国各省份经济发展过程中的二氧化碳排放绩效具有重要现实意义.文章从效率的角度,界定二氧化碳排放绩效的概念,将二氧化碳排放作为非期望产出纳入全要素研究框架,探索性地利用三阶段DEA方法和线性数据转换函数法来评价中国省际区域的二氧化碳排放绩效,剔除了环境变量和随机误差对结果的影响,为真实测度二氧化碳排放绩效提供了可行的方法.结果表明,传统DEA测度的二氧化碳排放平均技术效率和纯技术效率被低估,而平均规模效率被高估;中国区域间二氧化碳排放绩效发展显著不平衡,呈现出“东＞西＞中”的格局,与传统的经济格局存在一定出入.  相似文献   

Can we measure practical wisdom?     

Jason Swartwood 《Journal of moral education》2020,49(1):71-97

ABSTRACT

Wisdom, long a topic of interest to moral philosophers, is increasingly the focus of social science research. Philosophers have historically been concerned to develop a rationally defensible account of the nature of wisdom and its role in the moral life, often inspired in various ways by virtue theoretical accounts of practical wisdom (phronesis). Wisdom scientists seek to, among other things, define wisdom and its components so that we can measure them. Are the measures used by wisdom scientists actually measuring what philosophers have in mind when they discuss practical wisdom? I argue that they are not. Contemporary measures of wisdom and its components may pick out some necessary prerequisites of practical wisdom, but they do not measure a philosophically plausible practical wisdom or its components. After explaining the argument and defending it against objections, I consider its implications. Should wisdom scientists ignore the philosophical conception of practical wisdom in favor of other conceptions, revise their methods to try to measure it, or continue the interdisciplinary study of practical wisdom without expecting to measure it? I make a preliminary argument for the third option.  相似文献   

加强连锁零售业供应链管理的对策研究     

马静 《安徽科技学院学报》2012,(3):88-91

连锁经营作为我国目前的零售业的主要经营方式和组织形式得到了迅速的发展,但目前连锁经营零售企业供应链管理发展还比较落后。本文首先阐明了加强连锁零售业供应链管理的研究重要性,然后指出我国的一些现状,最后对零售连锁企业如何加强供应链管理提出了若干对策。  相似文献   

Needs assessment in STEM disciplines: reliability,validity and factor structure of the Student Support Needs Scale (SSNS)     

Precious Hardy 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2014,39(5):553-562

Retention is a major problem in most colleges and universities. High dropout rates, especially in the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering and mathematics), have proved intractable despite the offering of supplemental instruction. A broad model of support systems that includes psychological factors is needed to address retention in STEM fields. The purpose of our study was to develop an instrument to identify the support needs of college students. We adapted the theoretical model of the performance pyramid to create a 48-item measure called the Student Support Needs Scale. We examined the psychometric properties of our scale by subjecting the measure to a principal component analysis, which resulted in a robust 36-item, six-factor solution. Finally, we established the reliability and validity of the resulting instrument. Once student needs have been assessed using our scale, interventions may be tailored to the needs of a minority group, discipline, geographic area and/or institution. This instrument could help university programmes to make informed decisions about resource allocation based on students’ needs.  相似文献   

Library Anxiety and Emotion Perception Among the Undergraduate Social Sciences Students: A Relationship Study     

Sajjad Ullah Jan  Mumtaz Ali Anwar  Nosheen Fatima Warraich 《Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian》2013,32(2):52-63

ABSTRACT

Previous research has mostly focused on the demographic and academic correlates of library anxiety. This study focused on the “library anxiety” and “emotion perception” of students, with the objective of examining the relationship between these two concepts. In total, 279 self-reporting questionnaires were used for analysis. The results confirmed the existence of the phenomenon of library anxiety, with these students being more anxious regarding the “user education” and “user knowledge” factors. They showed greater skills of emotion perception. A negatively significant relationship appeared between library anxiety and emotion perception. The results suggest that user education and emotion perception training programs should be developed to overcome students' problems.  相似文献   

Delivering and Assessing Music Reference Services     

Kirstin Dougan 《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(1):38-54

The nature of music collections and their use means that patrons have always required specialized guidance from librarians to access what they need. Currently, library patrons' expectations are growing as collections and their delivery modes evolve. Music reference services must adapt to effectively address these needs. This article examines the challenges to delivering effective music reference service, the basics of reference assessment, and how assessment models such LibQual+, the Wisconsin-Ohio Reference Evaluation Program, and the Reference Effort Assessment Data Scale can help librarians build patron-centered music reference services.  相似文献   

Measuring perceived competence and social acceptance in children with cerebral palsy     

Vanessa Scholtes  Adri Vermeer  Geoffrey Meek 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(1):77-87

The Dutch Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Children with Cerebral Palsy was translated and administered to an English sample. This scale was developed to assess the child's perception on cognitive, physical and social domains. Thirty-two children, aged 4 to 9 years, were tested twice. The results indicate good test/retest reliability and good internal consistency. The results on the intercorrelations between the four sub-scales supported internal validity of the pictorial scale. It is concluded that the pictorial scale for young children with cerebral palsy is a reliable and valid instrument for determining the perception of children with cerebral palsy, and application in clinical and class settings is discussed.  相似文献   

Teachers’ Concepts of Spatial Scale: An international comparison     

M. Gail Jones  Manuela Paechter  Chiung-Fen Yen  Grant Gardner  Amy Taylor  Thomas Tretter 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(14):2462-2482

Metric scale is an important concept taught as part of science curricula across different countries. This study explored metric and relative (body-length) scale concepts of inservice (N?=?92) and preservice (N?=?134) teachers from Austria, and Taiwan, and their concepts were compared with those of teachers from the USA. Participants completed three assessments: the Scale Anchoring Objects (SAO), Scale of Objects Questionnaire (SOQ), and a subsample of participants were interviewed with the Learning Scale Interview. A Rasch analysis was conducted with the SAO and SOQ and results showed that the Rasch model held for these assessments, indicating that there is an underlying common dimension to understanding scale. Further analyses showed that accuracy of knowledge of scale measured by the SAO and SOQ was not related to professional experience. There were significant differences in teachers’ accuracy of scale concepts by nationality. This was true for both metric and body-length SAO assessments. Post hoc comparisons showed that the Austrian and Taiwanese participants were significantly more accurate than the US sample on the SAO and SOQ. The Austrian participants scored significantly higher than the US and the Taiwanese participants. The results of the interviews showed that the Taiwanese experienced teacher participants were more likely to report learning size and scale through in-school experiences than the Austrian or the US participants. US teachers reported learning size and scale most often through participating in hobbies and sports, Taiwanese teachers reported learning scale through sports and reading, and Austrian teachers most often noted that they learned about scale through travel.  相似文献   

Holistic Media Education: An Assessment of the Effectiveness of a College Course in Media Literacy     

Robert L. Duran  Bill Yousman  Kaitlin M. Walsh  Melanie A. Longshore 《Communication quarterly》2013,61(1):49-68

The general purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a college course in media literacy. Specifically, the course took a holistic approach to media literacy and was designed to heighten college students' awareness of media structures, content, and impact, as well as to encourage students to become more critical/informed participants in the media environment. A pre-test, post-test, control group post-test only, quasi-experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of this approach to media literacy education. Overall, students' responses produced significant differences between the control group and the experimental groups' post-test scores on most (but not all) dependent measures. The implications of these results and suggestions for future research were discussed.  相似文献