Skills development for poverty reduction (SDPR): The case of Tajikistan     

Manfred Wallenborn   《International Journal of Educational Development》2009,29(6):550-557

Vocational education and training (VET) can contribute to the attainment of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. A key to economic and social progress is the training of better-qualified individuals and skilled enterprise staff who will be more productive, improving goods, increasing incomes and adapting to changing markets. Experts from international cooperation agencies see VET projects as suitable instruments for poverty alleviation in target groups working in the informal sector and rural economy. The recent shortages and high prices of rural products in many developing countries support this position. For the past two years a skills development for poverty reduction (SDPR) project has been running in rural areas of Central Asia to address rural poverty. The approach and findings of the project are discussed against the background of the international debate on VET in the context of poverty alleviation. It is hoped that the conclusions will contribute to optimising the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of similar VET projects.  相似文献   

Commercializing university research in transition economies: Technology transfer offices or direct industrial funding?     

Maksim Belitski  Anna Aginskaja  Radzivon Marozau 《Research Policy》2019,48(3):601-615

There is a paucity of knowledge on research commercialization by university scientists worldwide. The objective of this paper is to identify the role that Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and direct Industrial Funding play in university research commercialization in transition economies of Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan during 2015–2017. We do this by developing a novel database and a multi-level model which explains how individual attributes, organizational and ecosystem characteristics explain the extent of knowledge commercialization.We apply the generalized Heckman approach to account for two selection biases, reducing the sample from 2602 to 272 scientists, and further use a mixed-method approach to analyse 27 face-to-face interviews with researchers and TTO managers. The results demonstrate that research commercialization is not associated with the existence and awareness of TTO or the establishment of commercialization contracts via TTO, but the direct industrial funding of university research. Taken together the findings have clear implications for scholars, scientific entrepreneurs, TTOs and investors who aim to exploit university knowledge in transition economies.  相似文献   

Policies,actors and sustainability transition pathways: A study of the EU’s energy policy mix     

《Research Policy》2019,48(10):103668

Policies and politics are crucial elements of sustainability transitions. Transition pathways unfold as a result of continuous struggles of actors over policy goals and instruments. Taking a policy mix perspective, we study policies and policy preferences of key industry actors in the ongoing energy transition at the level of the European Union. We introduce two central analytical dimensions for transition pathways: the degree of sustainability (here: renewable energy ambition) and the degree of disruption (here: whether to pursue centralized or decentralized energy system configurations). We find that the current EU energy policy mix is heterogeneous with respect to the issue of (de-)centralization, whereas most policies and actors express high or moderate ambitions for renewable energy. Our paper makes three contributions. It demonstrates how actors and policy preferences can be explicitly included in the study of policy mixes. To the literature on transition pathways, we introduce sustainability as another key dimension in addition to disruption. Lastly, we propose a novel methodology for analyzing the politics of transition pathways.  相似文献   

“But a champion comes out much,much later”: A sport development case study of the 1968 U.S. Olympic team     

Brennan K. Berg  Rhema D. Fuller  Michael Hutchinson 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(4):430-442

Increasing attention has been given to the effective development of elite athletes. In this inquiry, the authors used a historical case study to ascertain the ways elite athletes were developed in a different era of sport in the United States. Using the attraction, retention, and transition frameworks, the factors that fostered the development of athletes from the 1968 Summer Olympics were drawn out through oral history interviews. In total, interviews with 59 U.S. Olympians were conducted. The results reveal how the athletes experienced supportive recruitment and retention environments, were able to manage the difficulty of developing elite talent, and encountered both challenges and opportunities transitioning through and out of elite sport. This analysis demonstrates how sport development principles are diverse in their temporal relevance and reinforce the practical implications meant to serve the modern athlete. Further, at least some sport development principles could remain constant regardless of how context and elite athlete experiences evolve in the future.  相似文献   

俄罗斯《星火》周刊的转型之路——对俄罗斯转型期传媒变迁的个案研究     

赵永华  吴秀娟 《国际新闻界》2006,(8)

本文以具有107年历史的俄罗斯综合新闻周刊《星火》为例,采取内容分析法,勾勒出《星火》周刊从戈尔巴乔夫时期的激进民主到叶利钦时期的全面市场化再到普京上台后的有限自由的变迁轨迹。通过对其近20年发展历程的评价分析,揭示俄罗斯转型期政治变迁与媒介生态变化、媒体转型的关系。  相似文献   

Teacher-directed learning to self-directed learning transition barriers in Pakistan     

《Studies in Educational Evaluation》2019

Present paper explores the implications and barriers associated with the transition from teacher-directed learning (TDL) to self-directed learning (SDL) in the EFL classroom in Pakistan. This study intends to explore teachers’ views about the nature and viability of implementing the SDL approach to teach English in Pakistan. A qualitative approach is followed in data collection and a contrastive thematic method is employed for analysis. With a sample of 16 English language teachers from four public universities, data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that teachers view SDL with a potential to make students self-sufficient and autonomous, but Pakistani education system, cultural background, and learners’ psychological aspects hinder the process of transition. These obstacles may be removed through creating awareness among teachers and students, and by bringing more flexibility into syllabi and teaching methods, and most importantly, through training local teachers.  相似文献   

自然环境对人的发展的不同作用之哲学探析     

王顺顺 《温州职业技术学院学报》2011,11(2):72-74

自然环境对人的发展有着不可忽视的重要作用。基于人的主体性需要,自然环境有着优劣之分,正是这种优劣的不同导致了自然环境对人的发展的不同作用。对此,应加强主体自我素质的建构,实现作用间的相互转化,充分发挥自然环境对人的发展的正效应。  相似文献   

基于有限状态转移网络的词语重叠形式生成和识别     

刘群 《襄樊学院学报》2011,32(10):71-74

有限状态转移网络是语言形式化表达手段之一。通过对词语重叠音节数目的限制、语义内涵的限制、典型形式的限制,确定有限状态转移网络可接受的词语重叠的范围,运用有限状态转移网络再现了汉语词语重叠的生成过程和生成模式,以此说明静态的语法规则或语法结果是可计算的。  相似文献   

大学物理实验的误差理论四阶段教学法探讨     

谌宝菊  谌雄文  卢德华  夏春华 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2008,28(11):119-120

误差理论对学生的专业学习和工作是非常重要的。本文中,我们基于“教学中心转换”方法理念和“不确定度评定”误差理论,构建了一个层层递进的“四阶段”教学模式,并在实践中进行了探讨。我们认为这种误差理论教学法对新建本科院校的教学是有益和切实可行的。  相似文献   

Destination unknown: Pursuing sustainable mobility in the face of rival societal aspirations     

Maurie J. Cohen 《Research Policy》2010,39(4):459-470

A growing volume of scholarship and policy practice focuses on developing societal capacity to guide transitions of socio-technical systems toward more sustainable alternatives. Because several prominent modes of transportation are widely regarded as systemically problematic, the notion of sustainable mobility has received considerable attention from the standpoint of system innovation. Sustainability though constitutes only one of many contemporary political objectives and public commitment to goals consistent with such a future is highly equivocal. A related challenge arises from the ambivalence that sustainability champions often harbor on an individual level. It is probable that efforts to facilitate sustainable mobility will need to be reconciled with rival societal aspirations such as the pursuit of faster and more convenient forms of travel. Drawing on insights from the multi-level perspective, this article contrasts the relatively static automobility system with its more dynamic aeromobility counterpart and explores why evidence of an incipient transition is more apparent within the realm of aviation. In particular, the diffusion of “personal aeromobility” involving the use of small airplanes for on-demand, point-to-point air travel raises perplexing questions for the governance of sustainable mobility.  相似文献