网球运动对高校中老年教职工心血管病及肝肾功能危险因素的影响     

唐艳婕  ;谭志刚  ;秦旭平 《体育成人教育学刊》2014,(5):58-60

探讨了长期适宜网球运动对高校中老年教师的心血管疾病危险因素的影响。结果显示：网球组教职工的静息心率、收缩压、舒张压、平均压和心率乘积均低于对照组;网球组教职工的总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白、体重指数、血糖均明显低于对照组,而高密度脂蛋白显著高于对照组;网球组教职工的C反应蛋白（CRP）显著低于对照组;网球组教职工的高血压、糖尿病、脂肪肝的患病率均低于对照组（P〈0.05）。  相似文献   

Lactate accumulation following isometric exercise training and its relationship with reduced resting blood pressure     

Gavin R. Devereux  Damian Coleman  Jonathan D. Wiles  Ian Swaine 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1141-1148

Abstract

The purpose of this study was (a) to assess lactate accumulation during isometric exercise, and to quantify the shifts in accumulation following isometric training; and (b) to relate any training-induced changes in lactate accumulation to reductions in resting blood pressure. Eleven male participants undertook isometric training for a 4-week period using bilateral-leg exercise. Training caused reductions in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial resting blood pressure (of ?4.9 ± 6.3 mmHg, P = 0.01; ?2.6 ± 3.0 mmHg, P = 0.01; and ?2.6 ± 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.001 respectively; mean ± s). These were accompanied by changes in muscle activity, taken as electromyographic activity to reach a given lactate concentration (from 114 ± 22 to 131 ± 27 mV and from 136 ± 25 to 155 ± 34 mV for 3 and 4 mmol · L^?1 respectively. Training intensity expressed relative to peak lactate was correlated with reduced resting systolic and mean arterial blood pressure. Training caused significant shifts in lactate accumulation, and reductions in resting blood pressure are strongly related to training intensity, when expressed relative to pre-training peak lactate. This suggests that higher levels of local muscle anaerobiosis may promote the training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure.  相似文献   

Obesity paradoxes     

Paul A. McAuley  Steven N. Blair 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):773-782

Abstract

In this review, we examine the original obesity paradox phenomenon (i.e. in cardiovascular disease populations, obese patients survive better), as well as three other related paradoxes (pre-obesity, “fat but fit” theory, and “healthy” obesity). An obesity paradox has been reported in a range of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular conditions. Pre-obesity (defined as a body mass index of 25.0–29.9 kg · m^?2) presents another paradox. Whereas “overweight” implies increased risk, it is in fact associated with decreased mortality risk compared with normal weight. Another paradox concerns the observation than when fitness is taken into account, the mortality risk associated with obesity is offset. The final paradox under consideration is the presence of a sizeable subset of obese individuals who are otherwise healthy. Consequently, a large segment of the overweight and obese population is not at increased risk for premature death. It appears therefore that low cardiorespiratory fitness and inactivity are a greater health threat than obesity, suggesting that more emphasis should be placed on increasing leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as the main strategy for reducing mortality risk in the broad population of overweight and obese adults.  相似文献   

The effect of short-duration sprint interval exercise on plasma postprandial triacylglycerol levels in young men     

Edward Allen  Partick Gray  Angeliki Kollias-Pearson  Erlend Oag  Katrina Pratt  Jennifer Henderson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):911-916

Abstract

It is well established that regular exercise can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, although the most time-efficient exercise protocol to confer benefits has yet to be established. The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of short-duration sprint interval exercise on postprandial triacylglycerol. Fifteen healthy male participants completed two 2 day trials. On day 1, participants rested (control) or carried out twenty 6 s sprints, interspersed with 24 s recovery (sprint interval exercise – 14 min for total exercise session). On day 2, participants consumed a high-fat meal for breakfast with blood samples collected at baseline, 2 h and 4 h. Gas exchange was also measured at these time points. On day 2 of control and sprint interval exercise trials, there were no differences (P < 0.05) between trials in plasma glucose, triacylglycerol, insulin or respiratory exchange ratio (RER). The area under the curve for plasma triacylglycerol was 7.67 ± 2.37 mmol · l^–1.4 h^–1 in the control trial and 7.26 ± 2.49 mmol · l^–1.4 h^–1 in the sprint interval exercise trial. Although the sprint exercise protocol employed had no significant effect on postprandial triacylglycerol, there was a clear variability in responses that warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

The association between watching football matches and the risk of cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis     

Lu-Lu Lin  Hui-Yu Gu  Yang-Yang Yao  Jie Zhu  Yu-Ming Niu 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(24):2826-2834

ABSTRACT

To comprehensively shed light on whether viewing football games is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Electronic databases were searched through 17 May 2018. All studies focusing on the association between viewing football matches and the fatal or non-fatal CVD were identified. Viewing football matches was associated with a higher risk of fatal overall CVD (RR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.12) in both men (RR: 1.13, 95%CI: 1.004–1.28) and women (RR: 1.08, 95%CI: 1.01–1.15). Subgroup analysis showed that failure of the team has a higher risk of fatal overall CVD (RR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.15–1.45). However, lower risk of fatal overall CVD from spectators was observed when team obtained a victory (RR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66–0.96). For non-fatal CVD, viewing football matches was associated with a higher risk of non-fatal overall CVD (RR: 1.24, 95%CI: 1.09–1.41) in both men (RR: 1.73, 95%CI: 1.12–2.69) and women (RR: 1.25, 95%CI: 1.08–1.45). Subgroup analysis showed that viewing football matches was associated with a higher risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.04–1.38) in both men and women (RR: 1.51, 95%CI: 0.99–2.28; RR: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08–1.36, respectively). No significant increase was found in fatal or non-fatal stroke. Viewing football matches was associated with a higher risk of the fatal and non-fatal CVD, especially in male spectators. The victory of team could have a lower risk of fatal CVD. Therefore, precautionary measures should be required for the reduction of healthcare burden in football matches.  相似文献   

Use of a heart rate-to-ground contact time index to monitor and predict middle-distance running     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(6):431-436

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to determine if field-based variables associated with cardiovascular and neuromuscular stress could be used to accurately monitor and predict middle-distance running. Eleven middle-distance runners (age 21.3±1.6 years) completed three trials of steady-state running at 11, 13, and 15 km · h^–1, and test performance was compared with competitive performance (personal best times converted to standardized Mericer scores). Oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), and stride characteristics (ground contact time [Ct], flight time, step length, and step frequency) were monitored during treadmill running with the ratio of HR:1/Ct calculated. Heart rate and stride characteristics were significantly altered (all P<0.05) with increased running speed, while the HR:1/Ct index was unchanged. Stride characteristics, heart rate, and the HR:1/Ct index were reliable measures with no mean bias and low levels of random variation. The HR:1/Ct index was strongly related to competitive performance (r=–0.80 to 0.88, P<0.01). This was primarily attributed to the association between heart rate and Mercier scores (r=–0.81 to 0.87, P<0.01), whereas ground contact time was only moderately related to competitive performance at the fastest running speed (r=–0.60, P<0.05). Simple measures associated with cardiovascular and neuromuscular stress can be reliably monitored in middle-distance runners. A HR:1/Ct index provides a stable measure at any given submaximal running speed and may provide a useful tool for monitoring and predicting middle-distance running.  相似文献   

Impact of Vascular Function on Maximum Power Output in Elite Handball Athletes     

《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2012,83(4):600-608

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate vascular function and its relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in professional handball athletes. Method: We examined 30 male professional handball athletes (age 27 ± 4 y) and 10 male sedentary controls (age 26 ± 5 y) at rest. The workup included exercise testing via ergometry. To assess vascular function, a validated electronic model of the arterial tree (vasc assist 2®) was used. It replicates noninvasively acquired pulse pressure waves by modulating the relevant functional parameters of compliance, resistance, inertia, pressure, and flow. The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated using the validated heart rate ratio method. Results: Athletes had a significantly lower systolic and diastolic central blood pressure (cBP) compared to controls (102 ± 9/60 ± 9 vs. 110 ± 8/74 ± 9 mmHg, p < .01), whereas aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (6.2 ± 0.8 vs. 6.3 ± 0.5 m/s, p = .45) and augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 (Aix@75) (?4 ± 12 vs. ?13 ± 16%, p = .06) were not different. Resistance index (R) (15.9 ± 4.4 vs. 10.6 ± 0.6, p = .001) and maximum power output (MPO) (3.55 ± 0.54 vs. 2.46 ± 0.55 Watt/kg, p < .001) were significantly higher in athletes compared to controls. We found no relevant correlation between MPO, resting heart rate, PWV, Aix@75, and cBP. A higher VO2max (p = .02) and a lower R (p < .01) were significant predictors of a higher MPO in athletes. Conclusion: R had an independent and strong correlation to MPO in athletes, which might help to disentangle the contribution of aerobic capacity and arterial function to physical power.  相似文献   

澳门-北京部分高校教职工心血管疾病危险因素的比较     

孔兆伟  曹建民  谢敏豪  苏浩  朱文斐  萧洁华  时庆德  梁洪波 《北京体育大学学报》2012,35(1):62-64

目的:通过了解和比较澳门-北京两地高校教职工心血管疾病危险因素的差异,为两地教职工心血管疾病的预防提供更具针对性的建议。方法:采用问卷调查和测量140名澳门和460名北京高校教职工生活方式、血脂状况、锻炼习惯等11项心血管疾病的危险因素进行调查和比较。结果:澳门高校教职工心血管疾病危险因素的平均数目显著低于北京高校教职工,在高甘油三酯、高血压、吸烟等指标方面表现优于北京高校教职工。两地教职工都存在肥胖和运动参与不足的问题,且澳门经常运动者比例显著低于北京高校教职员。另外,无论北京或澳门,男性高校教职员心血管疾病危险因素数目均显著高于女性。结论:北京和澳门高校教职工都应更多地参与运动,减少肥胖的发生,降低心血管疾病的危险因素,男性教职工更应关注自身健康。  相似文献   

Sex differences in postprandial lipaemia after acute high-intensity interval running in young people     

Alice E. Thackray  Laura A. Barrett 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(15):1673-1681

Acute exercise reduces postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations ([TAG]) in boys and girls; however, it is not known whether between-sex differences exist in response to exercise. Fifteen boys (mean(SD): 11.8(0.4) years) and sixteen girls (12.1(0.7) years) completed two, 2-day conditions. On day 1, participants rested (CON) or completed 10 × 1 min high-intensity interval runs at 100% maximal aerobic speed with 1 min recovery (HIIR). On day 2, participants consumed a standardised breakfast and lunch over a 6.5-h period during which seven capillary blood samples were collected. Based on ratios of the geometric means (95% CI for ratios), fasting [TAG] was 32% lower in boys than girls (?44 to ?18%, ES = 1.31, P < 0.001), and 12% lower after HIIR than CON (?18 to ?5%, ES = 0.42, P = 0.003); the magnitude of reduction was not significantly different between the sexes (8% (ES = 0.36) vs. 15% (ES = 0.47), respectively; P = 0.29). The total area under the [TAG] versus time curve was 27% lower in boys than girls (?40 to ?10%, ES = 1.02, P = 0.005), and 10% lower after HIIR than CON (?16 to ?5%, ES = 0.36, P = 0.001); the magnitude of reduction was similar between the sexes (11% (ES = 0.43) vs. 10% (ES = 0.31), respectively; P = 0.87). The small-moderate reduction in postprandial [TAG] after HIIR was similar between the sexes.  相似文献   

长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王美丽  白鸿顺  刘芦萍 《西安体育学院学报》2002,19(1):87-89

笔者通过查阅大量的文献资料 ,将长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质的影响进行了综合分析 ,许多研究表明 ,长拳、太极拳对心肺功能和身体素质有较大的影响 ,但这些研究的对象基本上都是儿童少年、优秀 (专业 )运动员和中老年人 ,对普通青年 (不经常进行体育锻炼的青年 )的研究较少 ,也不系统 ;为此 ,笔者提出应对普通青年进行这方面的系统研究  相似文献