Perform kicking with or without jumping: joint coordination and kinetic differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks     

Kuangyou B. Cheng  Ying-Hsun Wang  Shih-Yu Kuo  Kuan-Mao Wang  Yi-Chang Huang 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(15):1614-1621

We investigated joint coordination differences between Taekwondo back kicks and jumping back kicks, and how jumping (in performing the latter) would alter engaging ground reaction forces (GRF) in executing kicking. Ten skilful athletes volunteered to perform both kinds of kicking within the shortest time for three successful trials. Three high-speed cameras and two force platforms were used for data collection, and the trial with the shortest execution time was selected for analysis. Movements were divided into the rotation and attack phases. With comparable execution time and maximum joint linear/angular speeds, back kicks and jumping back kicks differ mainly in larger GRF in the latter, and in greater target acceleration in the former probably because the support leg prevented athletes’ rebounding after impact. In addition, more prominent antiphase and in-phase coordination between the shoulder segment and knee joint, and elongated rotation phase were found in jumping back kicks. Larger GRF values in jumping back kicks were generated for jump take-off rather than for a more powerful attack. In back kicks although the support leg remained ground contact, greatly decreased GRF in the attack phase suggested that the support leg mainly served as a rotation axis.  相似文献   

Developing Culturally Specific Tools for the Evaluation of Good Governance in Diverse National Contexts: A Case Study of the National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Iran     

Mehdi Ghadami 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):986-1000

One of the key features of the Olympic movement is its universalistic appeal, particularly in the sense that it has sought to establish itself as a platform for universal interaction and promotion of universal values. In this paper, we consider the nature, feasibility, and implications of the IOC's promotion of its universalist position in terms of the ethical standards it promotes in relation to universal principles of good governance. A major problem in this respect is the culturally diverse set of constituencies that are incorporated within the Olympic movement, such that the imposition of ‘one size fits all’ policies may be impractical and in many instances undesirable. The authors of this paper therefore argue that although universal agreement is often impractical, general agreement may often be established. The paper therefore presents an approach to balancing centrally promoted principles of good governance with local preferences in terms of the weighting to be given to particular values within the operationalization of good governance. This approach, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process technique, developed by Thomas Saaty and widely employed in decision-making with regard to evaluating and weighting alternatives, is introduced here in the context of the evaluation of National Sport Federations in Iran. The paper highlights ways in which this technique allows for the expression of local priorities within the general framework of good governance principles in ways which satisfied both global and local priorities. In effect, it is a practical example of what Robertson has termed glocalization. The paper concludes by applying this framework to an evaluation of the National Federation (NF) of Football in Iran as an example of how this technique will be used for the purposes of ranking NFs in terms of performance with respect to elements of good governance which will inform both self-assessment by the NF and the decision-making process for allocation of funds by government to NFs in Iran in the future.  相似文献   

Methodology in Sports History: Learning from Legal Scholarship?     

Jack Anderson 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(15):1764-1768

The brief note aims to illustrate how historical context has contributed to my writing on modern sports law and principally through two pieces of work – the first relating to the historical, sui generis origins of the legality of combat or fighting sports, which continues to stretch the boundaries of core principles of criminal law, such as reasonable consent to bodily harm, to their utmost; and second, and more generally, the ‘historicalegal’ influences on the development of modern sport in mid-nineteenth-century Britain. Before that is done, it is best to give some account of research methodologies in legal scholarship and principally as they apply to legal history.  相似文献   

The Development of Sport in Museums     

J. Reilly 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(15):1778-1783

Sport as a topic for museum collection, display, and interpretation has gradually developed over the last 100 years. However, until recently, there has been very little discussion or examination of the material culture of sport within the literature. Consequently, there is a misconception that sport in museums is relatively new, little is understood about the role and value of sporting heritage, and sporting collections are rarely used to inform historical study. In turn, the museum sector would benefit from more opportunities to work with sports historians whilst developing and delivering their sporting provision. Therefore, this paper examines the development of sport in museums, explores the current activity being developed in the field including the work of the Sport in Museums Network and the National Sporting Heritage Day, and offers practical information about how partnerships between academics and museum practitioners can be established to create a better understanding of the history and heritage of sport.  相似文献   

Archives and Historians of Sport     

Martin Johnes 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(15):1784-1798

Archives and the documents within them are at the heart of the practice of history and the occupational culture of historians. A majority of historical work has been characterized and defined by research in archives of varying kinds. Yet, the material within archives is both partial and political and using it is never straightforward. For historians of sport, the material available in archives can be especially limited but, with some careful reading between the lines, there is still much to learn from and interpret within traditional archives. This paper explores the different kinds of archives and archival material that historians of sport have used and the uses they have been and can be put to. Archives, however, are not static entities and the paper also discusses the impact and implication of digitization processes and programmes to popularize and legitimize traditional archives. Although sport has been seen as one of the ways of diversifying the content and audience of archives, the paper argues that the practical and interpretative challenges historians of sport face in archives are no different to those faced by other historians.  相似文献   

Argentina and the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics     

Cesar R. Torres 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):108-127

The election of Raúl Alfonsín in October of 1983 represented the return of democracy to Argentina after more than seven years of a military dictatorship that left the country in a terribly distressed state. Since the dictatorship had joined the boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics led by the USA, for Argentina, the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics meant both coming back to the Olympic fold and the first such festival under the new democratic government. This paper explores Argentina's trajectory towards, and construction of, its participation in the country's first post-dictatorship Olympics. In doing so, this paper reveals why participation in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was not a priority for the incoming administration and why such participation was not conceived as a potential emissary capable of reaffirming on the global Olympic stage the hard fought, yet still emerging, democracy of Argentina. In addition, it reveals not only the determination of the Alfonsín administration to make his sport policy work but also its aspirations, complexity and ambiguities.  相似文献   

Imperialisms in the Olympics of the Colonization in the Postcolonization: Africa into the International Olympic Committee, 1910–1965     

Pascal Charitas 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(7):909-922

After World War II, the principle of a colonized countries' self-determination was at stake in the international relationships emerging from the context of a Cold War and the decolonizations of Empires. Non-Governmental Organizations such as the International Olympic Committee (IOC) become not only analyzers of the effects of competition between the different colonial powers, but also enlighteners of the imperial strategies which would turn the power struggles into partnership and cooperation. The fear of a political harnessing from the Occidental countries resulted in two reactions: the progressive integration of English-speaking African National Olympic Committees (NOCs) based on a Great Britain-controlled International Federations (1950–1972) and, eventually and as a direct consequence, the creation of French-speaking African NOCs (1956–1968) through the International Olympic Aid Commission (1961). From 1944 to 1963, conditions for possibility seemed to be gathered for the realization of a process of internationalization of African sport through the integration of new English- and French-speaking African countries into the IOC.  相似文献   

Globalization and the Governance of Chinese Sports: The Case of Professional Basketball     

Fuhua Huang  Fan Hong 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(8):1030-1043

This paper aims to explore the manifestations of globalization and sport governance in China through a lens of basketball. Specific focus is centred on the extent of the universalization of the National Basketball Association's (NBA) governance model in China and the adaptation from Chinese basketball. It argues that the vertical-centralized power allocation of Chinese basketball has prevented the NBA's governance model being fully assimilated and universalized in the Chinese context. When the localization of the NBA's capitalist setting encounters the state power of China's socialist regime, Chinese political nationalism has tended to provoke a firm entrenchment to protect the government's sovereignty.  相似文献   

什么是体育社会心理学——基于20名中、外运动心理学家学术经验的考量     

游茂林  石岩 《体育科学》2015,(2):73-80

通过访谈20名中、外运动心理学家,采集他们基于自身专业知识、工作经历和学术思考对体育社会心理学定义、学科性质和研究内容的判断,对这些信息进行归纳分析。结果显示:1)体育社会心理学可以定义为一门研究体育情境中的人际关系、交互作用、心理过程、行为特征和体育文化心理的学科;2)体育社会心理学是社会心理学、运动心理学和体育社会学交叉形成的一个二级学科,以体育情境为基础,同时具有心理学和社会学的学科性质;3)体育社会心理学研究内容由社会心理学中与体育运动相关的内容、运动心理学中社会心理学性质的部分、体育社会学中心理和行为方面的研究、文化心理学中与体育运动相关的议题等4部分构成,主要关注8类58种研究主题。  相似文献   

三轴加速度传感器系统在运动技术分析领域的研究与应用     

朱明 《冰雪运动》2015,(2):89-96

为满足在运动训练过程中的人体三维空间技术特征研究的需要,开发一套三轴向加速度传感器系统.该系统由下位机和上位机两部分组成,其中下位机部分由加速度传感器、传感器拾取单元、数据处理单元、电源监测与保护单元和无线传输单元组成,上位机部分由数据采集和分析软件组成.该系统具有四通道同步采集功能,结合同步视频,可对运动员的肢体关节、比赛训练器械等技术组成要素进行运动学和动力学参数进行实时采集与分析.以体育训练中常用的杠铃深蹲训练为实验性应用领域,对速滑和举重两种项目的杠铃深蹲训练进行技术分析,通过对三轴加速度传感器采集数据的分析,找出不同项目间杠铃深蹲动作技术的特征与差异,为今后深入开展加速度传感器系统的开发与相关应用提供研究基础.  相似文献