非常规突发事件个体决策行为影响因素研究     

刘嘉  谢科范 《软科学》2013,27(3)

构建基于系统动力学的非常规突发事件个体决策行为影响模型,并通过实证分析验证了该模型。结果表明:随着决策过程的进行,各情景的决策误差度会逐步降低;各情景的决策时间渐渐缩短。  相似文献   

Attentional capture by spoken language: effects on netballers’ visual task performance     

Daniel Tony Bishop  Sarah Moore  Sara Horne  Robert Teszka 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(17):1611-1620

Abstract

In two experiments, participants performed visual detection, visual discrimination and decision-making tasks, in which a binary (left/right) response was required. In all experimental conditions, a spoken word (“left”/“right”) was presented monaurally (left or right ear) at the onset of the visual stimulus. In Experiment 1, 26 non-athletes located a target amongst an array of distractors as quickly as possible, in both the presence and absence of spoken cues. Participants performed superiorly in the presence of valid cues, relative to invalid-cue and control conditions. In Experiment 2, 42 skilled netballers completed three tasks, in randomised order: a visual detection task, a visual discrimination task and a netball decision-making task – all in the presence of spoken cues. Our data showed that spoken auditory cues affected not only target detection, but also performance on more complex decision-making tasks: cues that were either spatially or semantically invalid slowed target detection time; spatially invalid cues impaired discrimination task accuracy; and cues that were either spatially or semantically valid improved accuracy and speeded decision-making time in the netball task. When studying visual perception and attention in sport, the impact of concomitant auditory information should be taken into account in order to achieve a more representative task design.  相似文献   

Offside decision making of assistant referees in the English Premier League: Impact of physical and perceptual-cognitive factors on match performance     

Peter Catteeuw  Bart Gilis  Johan Wagemans 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):471-481

Abstract

In the present study, we investigated the accuracy of offside judgements of assistant referees in the English Premier League. The moment in the match, the position and movement speed of the assistant referee, attacker and second-last defender, together with the angle of view for the assistant referee were all considered to underlie incorrect decisions. The error rate was 17.5% (868 of 4960 situations). As the English assistant referees tended not to signal in doubtful situations (c = 0.91), there was an overall bias towards non-flag errors (773 non-flag errors vs. 95 flag errors). The flash-lag hypothesis could explain all flag errors, whereas the optical-error hypothesis could explain a proportion of the non-flag errors (45.4%). Fatigue, movement speed, and angle of view did not have a detrimental effect on offside decision making. In conclusion, there were fewer flag errors than in the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, whereas the number of non-flag errors rose. The increased awareness of factors involved in offside decision making and the instructions to give the benefit of the doubt to attackers could have contributed to this situation.  相似文献   

Influence of Decision-Making on Attitudes,Creativity, Motor Skills and Self-Concept in Elementary Children     

Paul G. Schempp  John T. F. Cheffers  Leonard D. Zaichkowsky 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):183-189

Abstract

Attitudes, creativity, self-concept and motor skills were measured to determine the influence of decision-making on elementary children. Three groups of children (N = 208) were tested, one group was taught with the teacher dominating all classroom decisions, another group was encouraged to share in the decision-making, and a third group served as a control. Data were collected immediately before and after an eight-week instructional period. MANCOVA indicated that the two treatment groups had significantly higher scores than did the control group, and the shared decision-making group scored significantly higher than the teacher dominated group on measures of creativity, motor skills and self-concept. A 2 (treatment) × 2 (sex) × 5 (grade) ANOVA revealed significantly more positive attitude scores for children allowed to make decisions regarding their learning. Further, Pearson product-moment correlation showed the tested variables to be independent measures of a child's development.  相似文献   

基于博弈论的制造商回收再制造闭环供应链模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

李新然  牟宗玉  宋志成 《科研管理》2013,34(9):64-71

在由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的制造商回收再制造闭环供应链中,考虑系统成员间存在Nash均衡博弈、制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈和零售商领导的Stackelberg博弈等权利关系,研究并比较三种分散式决策闭环供应链的定价决策及利润问题。研究结论表明:在制造商领导的市场中,零售商的零售价与获得产品的批发价呈正相关关系;在零售商领导的市场中,制造商的批发价和回收率均与零售商的零售价呈负相关关系;回收产品的潜在期望收益是回收行为的驱动因素;在分散式决策闭环供应链中,市场无领导者时,消费者获得的收益最多,闭环供应链也越有利于降低资源消耗,且制造商和零售商均有动机成为领导者,其拥有的权利越大,议价能力会越强,获得的利润就会越多;与分散式决策相比,集中式决策闭环供应链的零售价最低,回收率和渠道总利润最高。最后,我们设计了可协调三种分散式决策闭环供应链的收益共享契约。  相似文献   

网络众意条件下草根NGO影响政府决策路径探析     

叶菁菁  曹庆萍 《学会》2013,(3):13-18,34

草根NGO自20世纪80年代在全球范围内兴起以后,逐渐成为保持社会稳定的重要因素之一,特别是随着网络社会的到来,为各类社会公益组织提供了更为宽广的发展空间。草根NGO如何利用好网络众意这把"双刃剑"来提高自己的影响力并进而影响政府决策,是未来NGO发展的一个重要趋势。本文通过分析草根NGO在网络众意条件下影响政府决策的可行性,提出了草根NGO通过加强网络监管,改善影响政府决策的外部环境以及不断完善自身,提高内部环境两个措施,希望能够为草根NGO影响政府决策之路径提供帮助。  相似文献   

中国背景下决策参与和员工创新的关系研究     

刘松博  戴玲玲  李婉蓉 《科学学与科学技术管理》2013,(8)

为探索民主参与决策对员工创新的影响机制,结合非同源问卷在两家创新型企业中的50个R&D团队展开实证研究。结果显示,员工所感知到的参与式决策水平对自身创新有着积极的促进作用,而权力距离则与员工创新呈负相关关系;权力距离在团队的参与式决策水平与员工创新之间起到正向的调节作用。最后,结合中国本土化管理情境,为领导者通过日常管理决策促进团队成员创新提供了相应的建议。  相似文献   

论合同自愿原则     

王新 《唐山师范学院学报》2002,24(6):33-35

对合同的订立、合同的效力、合同权利的行使及合同纠纷的解决等方面如何体现合同自愿原则进行了分析。  相似文献   

谈谈实施集体决策的心理学方法问题     

洪波 《培训与研究》2006,23(11):73-74,79

对于我国各种社会组织的决策活动来说,集体决策可以说是一种具有保证决策活动的民主化和科学化,从而提高决策质量的重大意义,因而应该大力加以提倡和推行的决策方式。本文就社会组织实施集体决策的“决策会议”的三个阶段(即提出决策问题、组织决策问题协商讨论和达成决策方案一致意见)中应该注意加以运用的各种心理学方法问题进行探析。  相似文献   

关于当前教育政策研究的反思     

李海萍 《黑龙江高教研究》2006,4(9):37-39

随着当代社会政治经济文化和科学技术的发展,教育政策研究在我国迅速发展和繁荣起来。与发达国家相比,教育政策研究在很多方面都还存在明显局限与不足,在理论上和实践中都有待于大力加强和深化。教育政策研究要真正做到科学、有效,应区分政策主体,提高教育决策的科学化和民主化程度;转变政府职能,充分发挥教育政策研究的中介价值作用;提高教育政策研究水平,正确认识和理解教育政策本质。  相似文献