提高集美大学女生游泳教学安全与质量的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张明飞 《体育科学研究》2007,11(1):77-79

为提高集美大学大学体育课的教学质量,进一步保障学生游泳生命安全,有效改进女生游泳课的教学水平。运用文献资料法、调查访问法,对集美大学女生游泳教学情况进行分析、研究。结果显示:(1)集美大学女生游泳教学存在的主要问题是教学班级人数多、82%以上女生不会游泳、上课没有配置救生人员、教学器材不足等致使游泳课教学难度大、教学存在较严重的安全隐患;(2)提高女生教学质量的方法有统一组织分组教学法、辅助器材教学法、先陆上后水上教学法等;(3)教学质量和安全的保障中关键在于学院制定科学严格规章制度,并能有效执行,同时教师责任心和自身水平高低是提高教学水平的关键。  相似文献   

优秀游泳运动员赛前大强度训练实效性探究     

林丽雅  张莉  徐心浩  刘禹  李农战  王崇 《成都体育学院学报》2015,(1):7-12

目的：：在全运会赛前9周,对优秀游泳运动员为期6周的大强度训练并实施赛前训练监控,探索科学有效的赛前大强度训练模式,为游泳运动员赛前大强度训练提供参考依据。方法：对9名优秀游泳运动员实施为期6周的以无氧能力训练为主的赛前大强度训练方案。在训练前后进行一次极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试和血乳酸均匀度的无氧阈测试,并在训练前、训练中(训练2周后)、训练后(训练6周后),测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(Нb)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C)。结果：(1)与训练前相比,摄氧量(P<0.001)、摄氧量相对值(P<0.001)、呼吸频率(P<0.05)等指标显著下降;呼吸商(P<0.05)、潮气量(P<0.05)、成绩(P<0.05)和即刻血乳酸(P<0.001)显著升高;(2)6周大强度训练后,无氧阈速度、出现无氧阈拐点时的血乳酸和心率没有显著变化。(3)基础状态下,BU指标在大强度训练2周后,明显升高(P<0.05),C指标在训练中期明显下降(P<0.001),训练后期又呈现明显的升高(P<0.05),其它血液指标变化不大。结论：(1)以无氧能力训练为主的的赛前大强度训练计划达到提高运动员无氧能力的目的,同时有氧能力得到保持;(2)血液生化指标的动态变化,符合大强度训练的机能变化特点,赛前大强度训练没有导致运动员机能下降。(3)极限负荷运动(300米全力游)的气体代谢能力测试,为游泳运动员的赛前训练效果的评价提供了新思路、新方法。  相似文献   

内质网应激介导细胞凋亡在运动预防非酒精性脂肪肝形成中的作用     

李军汉  苏全生  孙君志  彭丽文  谢红苑 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(10):58-62+108

摘要：目的：探讨运动对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的预防作用及作用机理。方法： SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和运动组3 组。对照组给予普通饲料喂养,模型组予高脂饲料喂养,运动组在高脂饲料喂养的同时予运动干预,连续8周,直至实验结束。HE染色观察肝脏病理形态变化,TUNEL法测肝细胞凋亡,western blot检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白表达,免疫组化检测CHOP、Caspase12和JNK蛋白阳性表达。结果：1）与对照组比较,模型组肝细胞脂肪性变明显,肝细胞凋亡指数升高,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达增加;2）与模型组比较,运动组肝细胞脂肪变性减轻,肝细胞凋亡指数减少,CHOP、Caspase12、JNK蛋白表达及阳性表达降低。结论：8周高脂饮食可成功复制NAFLD动物模型,内质网应激介导细胞凋亡参与NAFLD形成。运动对NAFLD形成具有较好的预防作用,其机制可能与运动可降低内质网应激介导细胞凋亡蛋白CHOP、JNK和Caspase12在肝细胞的表达,抑制肝细胞凋亡有关。  相似文献   

Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: a systematic review     

Fabricio Anicio de Magalhaes  Giorgio Gatta  Silvia Fantozzi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(7):732-745

The use of contemporary technology is widely recognised as a key tool for enhancing competitive performance in swimming. Video analysis is traditionally used by coaches to acquire reliable biomechanical data about swimming performance; however, this approach requires a huge computational effort, thus introducing a delay in providing quantitative information. Inertial and magnetic sensors, including accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers, have been recently introduced to assess the biomechanics of swimming performance. Research in this field has attracted a great deal of interest in the last decade due to the gradual improvement of the performance of sensors and the decreasing cost of miniaturised wearable devices. With the aim of describing the state of the art of current developments in this area, a systematic review of the existing methods was performed using the following databases: PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, IEEE Xplore, Google Scholar, Scopus and Science Direct. Twenty-seven articles published in indexed journals and conference proceedings, focusing on the biomechanical analysis of swimming by means of inertial sensors were reviewed. The articles were categorised according to sensor’s specification, anatomical sites where the sensors were attached, experimental design and applications for the analysis of swimming performance. Results indicate that inertial sensors are reliable tools for swimming biomechanical analyses.  相似文献   

Statin use and self-reported swimming performance in US masters swimmers     

Kyle Terpak  Sally Guthrie 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(3):286-292

Exercise and treating hyperlipidaemia with statins are two integral components of the American Heart Association guidelines to reduce cardiovascular risk in adults. Since statins can cause myalgias and myopathies, they could affect the duration or intensity of an exercise regimen. To determine the impact of statin use in adult masters swimmers, a survey was distributed to examine the association between swimming performance and statin usage in adult swimmers (≥35 years). After excluding those with chronic diseases or taking drugs that reduce physical capacity, 749 swimmers (118 taking statins, 73 not taking statins to control elevated cholesterol and 558 controls) were included in a regression model to determine the factors significantly affecting the duration and intensity of swimming workouts. Age and gender were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) associated with the distance swam per 60 min. Younger, male swimmers completed more yards per 60-min workout. Use of statins was not significantly associated with yards swam per 60-min workout. Nor did statin usage affect the number of swim sessions per month or the length of swim session. Evidently, statins do not cause enough fatigue or pain in masters swimmers to require a decrease in the duration or intensity of workouts.  相似文献   

Kinematic,kinetic and EMG analysis of four front crawl flip turn techniques     

Suzana Matheus Pereira  Caroline Ruschel  Marcel Hubert  Leandro Machado  Helio Roesler  Ricardo Jorge Fernandes 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(19):2006-2015

This study aimed to analyse the kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic characteristics of four front crawl flip turn technique variants. The variants distinguished from each other by differences in body position (i.e. dorsal, lateral, ventral) during rolling, wall support, pushing and gliding phases. Seventeen highly trained swimmers (17.9 ± 3.2 years old) participated in interventional sessions and performed three trials of each variant, being monitored with a 3-D video system, a force platform and an electromyography (EMG) system. Studied variables: rolling time and distance, wall support time, push-off time, peak force and horizontal impulse at wall support and push-off, centre of mass horizontal velocity at the end of the push-off, gliding time, centre of mass depth, distance, average and final velocity during gliding, total turn time and electrical activity of Gastrocnemius Medialis, Tibialis Anterior, Biceps Femoris and Vastus Lateralis muscles. Depending on the variant, total turn time ranged from 2.37 ± 0.32 to 2.43 ± 0.33 s, push-off force from 1.86 ± 0.33 to 1.92 ± 0.26 BW and centre of mass velocity during gliding from 1.78 ± 0.21 to 1.94 ± 0.22 m · s^?1. The variants were not distinguishable in terms of kinematical, kinetic and EMG parameters during the rolling, wall support, pushing and gliding phases.  相似文献   

广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项素质指标与训练监控指标研究     

李杰  王远  梁昀 《湖北体育科技》2015,(3):231-234,257

整理分析广东省花样游泳运动员备战第十二届全国运动会的专项体能训练与训练监控指标数据,总结成功有效的备战与参赛模式,为今后的训练提供参考。  相似文献   

水中健身操与花样游泳之比较研究     

谭苗青 《广州体育学院学报》2014,(4):70-71

水中健身操是一项新兴的体育运动项目,近年来在国家体育总局的大力推广下,至今已连续举办五届全国水中健身操比赛。由于这两个项目的比赛,都是结合音乐的伴奏,在水中表演性的项目。国家体育总局在游泳运动分类明确把水中健身操列为大众体育项目,花样游泳列为竞技体育项目,二者有本质上的不同。通过对这两个项目的起源和发展、概念和项目特点、竞赛目的和运动理念方面进行比较研究,滤清二者之间的关系和区别,为水中健身操项目今后进一步的发展提供参考依据。  相似文献   

同期力量和有氧训练对青少年中长距离游泳运动员运动能力影响     

张智涛 《体育科技文献通报》2022,(2)

本研究以8名青少年中长距离游泳运动员为研究对象,分为2组,在以中低强度有氧为主的训练阶段A组4人穿插每周3次的力量训练,B组4人仅安排1次力量训练,在干预前后分别以5×200m递增负荷测试评价各区域运动能力的变化,探讨力量训练对运动能力的影响。研究表明,力量干预后,A组运动员最大摄氧量强度(BLa=8mM)对应的游速平均提高幅度为3.15%,高于B组运动员的0.65%;无氧阈强度(BLa=4mM)对应的游速A组提高幅度为1.87%,低于B组运动员的4.07%;低强度有氧(BLa=2mM)对应的游速提高幅度为0.51%,与B组运动员的0.18%相近。上述结果提示,为期2个月、每周3次的力量训练干预对运动员最大摄氧量强度运动能力表现出较好的改造效果,但对无氧阈及以下强度的运动能力未表现出额外效果。  相似文献   

军事五项50m障碍游泳的训练内容与重点     

邓运龙 《军事体育进修学院学报》2014,(2):124-125

介绍了50 m障碍游泳单项的项目特点;指出了体能训练、技术训练、心理训练的内容和重点,并对常见训练问题提出了解决办法。  相似文献