足球踢球动作技能学习中背景干扰效应的实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

余方亮 《河北体育学院学报》2019,33(1):67-73

目的：探讨初学者在足球踢球动作技能学习过程中是否存在背景干扰效应,并分析原因。方法：以足球脚背内侧踢定位球动作技能作为学习任务,选取某大学足球专修班的33名学生为研究对象,分成对照组和两个实验组,进行10周的体育教学现场实验,对一周后保持测试的达标和技评成绩进行单因素方差分析。结果：三组保持测试的达标和技评成绩均值,在0.05水平上差异不具有显著性。结论：实验结果未能出现背景干扰效应,未能验证本研究提出的研究假设和背景干扰效应假说的最主要原因是,足球脚背内侧踢定位球的复杂性任务特征。  相似文献   

Motivation counteracts fatigue-induced performance decrements in soccer passing performance     

Jeroen C.M. Barte  Arne Nieuwenhuys  Sabine A.E. Geurts  Michiel A.J. Kompier 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1189-1196

Recent theories suggest that negative effects of fatigue on performance are determined by perception of effort and motivation rather than being directly caused by reaching physiological limits. In the current experiment, the influence of motivation on fatigue-induced decrements in soccer performance was experimentally investigated. Sixty amateur soccer players performed a validated soccer-passing test before and after a fatigue protocol. Results showed that players’ motivation and performance decreased after the fatigue protocol for players in the control group. In contrast, players in the motivation group (i.e., with motivation experimentally induced after the fatigue protocol) were able to uphold their motivation and increase their performance. These results indicate that motivation plays a crucial role in performance under fatigue, as fatigue-induced decrements in soccer passing performance can be counteracted by high levels of motivation. Future research may explore the limits of this counteracting effect and extend findings to other relevant performance aspects.  相似文献   

Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer players     

Nikki Rommers  Mireille Mostaert  Lennert Goossens  Roel Vaeyens  Erik Witvrouw  Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):196-203

This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η² 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased.  相似文献   

A rule induction framework for the determination of representative learning design in skilled performance     

Sam Robertson  Bart Spencer  Nicole Back  Damian Farrow 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(11):1280-1285

Representative learning design provides a framework for the extent to which practice simulates key elements of a performance setting. Improving both the measurement and analysis of representative learning design would allow for the refinement of sports training environments that seek to replicate competition conditions and provide additional context to the evaluation of athlete performance. Using rule induction, this study aimed to develop working models for the determination of high frequency, representative events in Australian Rules football kicking. A sample of 9005 kicks from the 2015 Australian Football League season were categorised and analysed according to the following constraints: type of pressure, kick distance, possession source, time in possession, velocity and kick target. The Apriori algorithm was used to develop two models. The first consisted of 10 rules containing the most commonly occurring constraint sets occurring during the kick in AF, with support values ranging from 0.15 to 0.22. None of the rules contained more than three constraints and confidence values ranged from 0.63 to 0.84. The second model considered ineffective and effective kick outcomes and displayed 70% classification accuracy. This research provides a measurement approach to determine the degree of representativeness of sports practice and is directly applicable to various team sports.  相似文献   

校园足球教育改革与实践发展的思考——兼论成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的可行性          下载免费PDF全文

马洪亮  吴强  张继玺  司虎克 《体育科研》2017,(1):89-94

以校园足球人才培养为切入点,思考校园足球开展的实质、人才培养与发展出路等问题,探讨成立中国（上海）足球教育学院的必要性、可行性。通过充分整合高校、俱乐部、社会等资源,融合校园足球教育、人才培养、社会接纳三大系统,构建大中小学全覆盖、“一条龙”式的校园足球人才培养体系。  相似文献   

文化传播的异质性分化：巴西足球的表演性释读          下载免费PDF全文

路云亭 《体育科研》2017,(5):31-38,44

足球是一种极易传播的游戏文化,足球在世界各地的传播大多体现出同质性,却在巴西获得了一种异质性的因素。巴西足球的特质异性来自人种的多元化,也和巴西人逍遥的文化精神相关联,又与巴西的气候及生态情况难脱干系。巴西足球给全世界民众都带来了一种超凡的技术,还展示出了热带国家特有的朝气、自由感以及灵透气质。巴西足球就此成为国家的主体精神,其品牌影响力超越了这个国家其他所有的文化类型。巴西文化只有桑巴舞和足球是世界级的,巴西文化具有单一突进的功能。巴西人没有受过战争创伤,其足球中的自由主义精神显得纯色而富有原始性。当巴西足球失去了诸多的国家威权符号的附加值后,其内在的戏剧性与游戏性就得以激活,这是巴西足球带给全世界民众的一种启示。  相似文献   

对足球移动能力训练的思考          下载免费PDF全文

毛燕平 《河北体育学院学报》2017,31(3):76-79

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和经验总结法,对足球运动员移动能力训练进行研究.指出,移动能力是足球技能的重要组成部分,与球员的比赛表现密切相关.在对移动方式特征和分类进行分析梳理的基础上,针对长期被忽视的发展感知能力和移动效果反馈两方面,提出足球移动能力训练的内容和重点,以及不同训练阶段的训练要点.认为,发展移动能力要符合力学原理、结合专项技术训练,最终实现训练能力向比赛能力的转化.  相似文献   

自然界的演剧：新媒体对足球竞技的表演性阐释          下载免费PDF全文

路云亭 《河北体育学院学报》2017,31(6):1-8

足球的排他性和其他体育项目大体一致,但足球还提倡队内的团队精神。均衡性原则将充满对立性的两支球队放置于同一个平台,使得足球得以再现双雄争斗的母题,并演示出带有团体决斗意义的场景,这便决定了足球的戏剧性。足球绝非仅仅反映了人类之恶,其仪式化的元素化解掉了竞技过程中过度险恶的趋向。足球还是一种自然教育行为,体现出人类原始动作示范的价值,带有自然表演的元素。在史前教育的立场考量,更可发现足球的超竞争价值  相似文献   

‘We Will Try Again,Again, Again to Make It Bigger’: Japan,American Football,and the Super Bowl in the Past,Present, and Future     

Kohei Kawashima 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(1-2):121-138

Abstract

This study is to analyse how the Japanese have traditionally received and currently perceive the Super Bowl, and for this purpose, it aims to locate the position of American football in Japanese history, society, and culture. It explores the game’s history and then examine the degree of its spread among Japan’s sporting population. A two-dimensional approach of historical study and inter-game comparison gives context to the analyses of reference frequency and contents of news media, followed by speculative discussions of what the near future of Japan’s American football would be like. To conclude, it clarifies the ways the Super Bowl has been received and is now being perceived by two groups: The first group is the general people who see the Super Bowl as the convenient and useful medium by which they could learn effectively about American culture through the one-night mania for ‘conspicuous consumption’. The second group comprises American football experts and enthusiasts, including 13,000 athletes and their OBs, coaches, trainers, and other staff members of the leagues and associations as well as the general sports fans. For this group, the Super Bowl is the apex of their favourite sport to which only a selected talented few could join.  相似文献   

Football,Place, and Community in a New Zealand Mining Town, 1877–1939     

Charles Little 《国际体育史杂志》2017,34(10):915-934

Abstract

Resource towns (such as lumber camps, power plants, and mining towns) are by their very nature peripheral. They frequently exist in a space of isolation, not only geographically but also culturally as well. The South Island mining town of Kaitangata is a classic example of this process – an industrial, working class, and heavily migrant community positioned within an otherwise agricultural, conservation, and homogenous tract of rural New Zealand. Kaitangata, in the words of one writer, ‘possessed a unique character and pattern of social interaction’ that marked it out from its immediate environment. One way in which these differences manifested themselves was in the sporting activities of the town. In a part of the world where rugby union held absolute hegemony, the town broke the mould by also fielding teams in association football, rugby league, and even Australian Rules football (distinguishing itself as the only town outside of the provincial capital of Dunedin where these three sports obtained a foothold). This paper analyses how these sporting activities contributed to a unique sense of space, addressing themes including class, ethnicity, masculinity, and identity.  相似文献