The Origins of Football Debate: Football and Cultural Continuity, 1857–1859     

Peter Swain 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(5):631-649

This article seeks to add to the growing volume of evidence of a broad, tenacious and visible footballing culture throughout nineteenth-century Britain. It is argued that football persisted among the general population in a variety of forms, none of which required the assistance or involvement of the public schools or public schoolboys to ensure its survival as some historians had previously believed. Indeed, the sheer number of games, evidenced in a variety of forms and a variety of settings, suggests beyond reasonable doubt that most forms of football being played across the country were not formal matches but small-sided games played on church, works' or schools' outings, at rural fetes, galas and celebrations, or as street or casual football, the latter taking place on meadows, fields and greens. Contrary to orthodox historians, these games did survive through mid-century. Importantly, these were predominantly small-sided games and are the ones which are closest to Association football as it was codified in 1863 and hence of most interest to the debate on origins. Common sense then dictates that football can be seen as a cultural continuity, especially as far as the traditions of male youth are concerned, across the nineteenth century.  相似文献   

Sports Gambling during the Second World War: A British Entertainment for Critical Times or a National Evil?     

Mike Huggins 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(5):667-683

The catastrophe of the Second World War had a significant effect on British social and economic life, with less leisure and more time and energy spent on the war effort, yet sports betting survived. The paper begins by examining the arguments strongly advanced by vociferous anti-betting groups in the first years after the outbreak of war, and assesses their limited success. Assessments of betting turnover suggest an initial decline in betting, largely perhaps because of the brief curtailment of horse racing, dog racing, and football, the three principal betting media. The paper explores some of the reasons why it then once more increased, according to the surveys of the Churches Committee on Gambling or Mass Observation. The argument focuses on provision and betting organization: the continued legal opportunities within Britain, including new ‘unity’ football pools, the reopening of some English racecourses and dog-tracks, and the new opportunities created by illegal ready-money bookmakers, such as Irish horse-racing results, which were unaffected by the war. The national government took the view that the betting sports were ‘entertainments’ and ‘in the public interest’, and also helped by providing scarce petrol to assist with the movement of horses and dogs to meetings.  相似文献   

淄博市草根足球联赛现状调查     

吕佩桢 《精武》2013,(18):159-160

采用文献资料法,访谈法和逻辑分析法等研究方法,以淄博市业余足球参与者为调查对象,通过对淄博苹根足球大联盟联赛的组织过程度其相关的方面进行了调查,得到当前淄博市草根足球的发展现状,探讨了淄博市革根足球运动开展中存在的问题并提出建议,为推动淄博市业余足球运动的进一步发展提供参考。  相似文献   

青岛市业余足球俱乐部现状及发展对策研究     

黑奇磊 《精武》2013,(24):118-119

本文通过对青岛市业余足球俱乐部在队员组成,球队经费、教练员,场地等方面进行分析讨论,针对目前青岛市业余足球的发展现状和存在的问题找出切实可行的解决办法和对策,为青岛市业余足球的发展提供参考依据。  相似文献   

足球运动身高体重选材理念的争议与探讨     

李光辉 《湖北体育科技》2013,32(1):42-45

青少年足球运动员的身高体重选材理念一直存在争议。学界和足球管理部门大多认为足球运动员的身高体重与运动成绩存在正相关,然而国内国际足球发展的实际表明并非完全如此,运动生物力学结合足球专项特征的分析表明高的身材和体重指标对运动员的平衡能力和快速移动身体的动作能力可能构成负面影响;在足球早期选材阶段对运动员的未来身高进行遗传估计完全多余,因此足球选材理念在身高体重指标方面可以尝试多元化。  相似文献   

武汉市青少年足球发展现状     

李少华 《湖北体育科技》2013,32(6):563-566

调查武汉市普通中小学足球开展现状,分析存在的主要问题,制定相应对策,为推动武汉市青少年足球运动的发展提出可行性建议。  相似文献   

武汉市高校校园足球文化发展现状的初步研究     

李少华  马良骥 《湖北体育科技》2013,(11):1034-1037

通过对武汉市高校校园足球文化进行归类与调查,了解武汉市高校足球运动校园足球文化的表现形式,分析影响因素,找出其存在的问题。  相似文献   

足球教育训练的问题研究     

卢云飞 《湖北体育科技》2013,(12):1071-1072

立足当前我国足球教育训练实际状况,重点探寻应该如何加强足球教育训练的相关问题。  相似文献   

Effects of crowd size on referee decisions: Analysis of the FA Cup     

Paul Downward  Marc Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1541-1545

Abstract

Data were collected on the number of first yellow cards awarded during 857 games, over six seasons (1996 – 2002), played in the Football Association (FA) Cup. Overall, a significantly higher number of yellow cards were awarded against the away team, while a non-linear relationship between crowd size and yellow cards was observed. In general, the probability of a yellow card being awarded against the home team decreased as crowd size increased, but was attenuated for the largest crowd sizes. Crowd size may be related to the probability of the home team receiving a yellow card in two potential ways. Crowd noise may be a decision-making heuristic whereby the likelihood that an incident is a foul is increased when accompanied by crowd noise. Alternatively, referees may seek to appease the crowd and are more likely to do so as crowd size increases. The present findings have implications for the training of match officials and for coaches and players as they prepare to play away from home.  相似文献   

Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football     

Maria Kavussanu 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(6):575-588

Abstract

This study examined (a) the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, and (b) whether number of seasons one has played for the team interacts with motivational climate in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviour in association football. Participants were 325 male association football players, whose age ranged from 12 to 17 years. Athletes completed questionnaires measuring frequency of prosocial and antisocial behaviours in football, goal orientation, motivational climate and social desirability, and indicated the number of seasons they had played for their current team. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation and mastery climate were positive predictors of prosocial behaviour, whereas ego orientation and performance climate were positive predictors of antisocial behaviour. In addition, task orientation negatively predicted antisocial behaviour, while ego orientation negatively predicted prosocial behaviour. No significant interactions between task and ego orientation and mastery and performance motivational climate were found. Finally, mastery climate negatively predicted antisocial behaviour for those who had played many seasons for the team. In conclusion, strengthening task orientation and mastery climate and weakening ego orientation may enhance prosocial behaviour. However, for antisocial conduct to be eliminated from the context of association football, ego orientation and performance climate need to be tempered, as these constructs exert unique independent effects on antisocial behaviour.  相似文献