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21.
通过多年从事体育教学的实践和调研,发现女生中神经类型有很大差别。从小处处受限制的学生,显出明显的弱型特征,而在自由自在的生活环境中成长的学生表现出明显的强型特征。根据她们的神经类型差异采用不同的教学方法,是提高教学质量的有效途径。 相似文献
22.
中国女子曲棍球短角球成功率及技战术分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对中国国家曲棍球队参加第26、27届奥运会资格赛短角球进攻的成功率,以及对短角球的技战术的运用的分析,认为曲棍球短角球技术"发球、停球、拨球、击球"四要素中,第一击射是关键,任何战术配合都是建立在第一击射的基础上,而且击射挡板以下的半高球成功率最高。提出对短角球的技战术训练应给予高度重视并进行深入的研究。 相似文献
23.
我国女子冰球运动员减少比赛犯规行为的对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
正确认识比赛中运动员犯规带来的危害,对加强和规范技术动作合理性,强化合理阻截意识,减少比赛中运动员犯规行为,提高比赛的胜出率具有重要作用。分析世界女子冰球运动员犯规的特征,我国运动员犯规与失分的关系,提出采用强化针对性技战术训练、加强心理训练、学习现代冰球理论、提高抗裁判员失误判罚的能力等措施减少与预防比赛中运动员的犯规行为。 相似文献
24.
冰球运动员心理选材方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
心理选材对提高冰球运动员的成材率具有积极的促进作用。运用运动心理学和运动训练学相关知识,采用理论分析方法,结合国内运动心理选材的相关研究,针对冰球运动的专项特点,认为在冰球运动员心理选材中应注意心理选材的阶段性、系统性、长期性、专项性等问题。提出动觉方位感、视动反应时、注意力测定、性格分析、操作思维测定等冰球运动员心理选材的主要内容与测试方法。 相似文献
25.
女子冰球项目训练周期结构与负荷特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
深刻认识女子冰球项目训练周期结构与负荷的规律,对提高我国女子冰球运动员训练效果与比赛成绩具有积极的促进作用。通过理论设计与实验对女子冰球运动员的训练结构及负荷特点进行研究,试图完善女子冰球运动年周期训练结构理论,揭示女子冰球运动训练负荷的规律及优秀女子冰球运动员年周期训练结构和训练负荷动态变化的基本规律。提出训练周期由年、大周期、中周期和小周期等构成,不同类型的训练周期由多个训练阶段与不同的训练时间组成;以小时、分钟、公里、公斤以及心率负荷的量度指标并分为最大、次大、中等和小4个等级建立负荷与训练评价体系。训练周期结构与负荷设计在国家女子冰球队的应用表明,掌握女子冰球运动周期训练结构与练负荷动态变化的规律,有助于实现训练效果的最佳化。 相似文献
26.
John Soares 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(13):1536-1553
This article considers international ice hockey from 1947 through the Squaw Valley Olympics in 1960. International hockey in these years dramatised important Cold War issues and offered useful insight into interaction among Americans, Canadians, Russians and Czechoslovaks. National programmes and styles of play reflected their nation states; hockey served simultaneously as both cultural diplomacy and psychological warfare. Czechoslovakia's powerhouse programme was purged for political reasons, while Prague officials tried to use Soviet hockey success to claim legitimacy for communism. The Soviets' communist-influenced ‘collective hockey’ achieved stunning success: the USSR national team started playing only in 1947 but was competitive with the world's best amateurs by 1954. Rules governing ‘amateurism’ were susceptible to manipulation, especially by communist regimes, further aiding Soviet progress. Canada remained the strongest power, but many of its best players were openly professional, hindering its efforts to stay on top. In 1948, US hockey demonstrated the messiness of an open society when two teams arrived in St Moritz claiming to represent the USA. After that, though, American players compiled a record in 1952, 1956 and 1960 that showed that the USA – not Canada, not the USSR – was the strongest nation in Olympic hockey. 相似文献
27.
Abstract Decision tree induction is a novel approach to exploring attacker-defender interactions in many sports. In this study hockey was chosen as an example to illustrate the potential use of decision tree inductions for the purpose of identifying and communicating characteristics that drive the outcome. Elite female players performed one-versus-one contests (n = 75) over two sessions. Each contest outcome was classified as either a win or loss. Position data were acquired using radio-tracking devices, and movement-based derivatives were calculated for two time epochs (5 to 2.5 seconds, and 2.5 to zero seconds before the outcome occurred). A decision tree model was trained using these attributes from the first session data, which predicted that when the attacker was moving at ≥ 0.5 m · s?1 faster than the defender during the early epoch, the probability of an attacker's win was 1.00. Conversely, when the speed difference at that time was below this threshold the probability of a loss was 0.78. Secondary attributes included defender speed in the lateral direction during the early epoch, and angle of attack (i.e., angle between the respective velocity vectors of the attacker and defender) during the late epoch. The model was then used to predict outcomes of one-versus-one contests from the second session (accuracy = 0.643; area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve = 0.712). Moreover, decision trees provide an intuitive framework for relating spatial-temporal concepts to coaches, and the suitability of decision trees for analysing the features of one-versus-one exchanges are discussed. 相似文献
28.
AbstractThe relationship between date of birth and success in a variety of sports, including hockey, is well established. This phenomenon is known as the relative age effect (RAE). We model the RAE in Canadian youth hockey as a positive feedback loop where an initial age advantage is reinforced through additional training and playing opportunities based on perceived skill superiority. The same causal mechanism leads to a higher quit rate for relatively younger players. Our model effectively replicates the birth month distribution of Canadian National Hockey League players (R2 = 86.79%) when driven by Canadian birth distributions. We use this model to evaluate three policies that aim to lessen the RAE. All of the policies reduce the RAE with a significant delay. The most effective policy is a combination of providing additional support to age disadvantaged children and rotating the cut-off date for youth leagues between January 1st and July 1st annually. In equilibrium, this approach leads to a 96% reduction in the RAE compared to the base case. 相似文献
29.
Micheline Gagnon Roland Doré Roland Doré 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):136-143
Abstract Tridimensional angular displacements of the skates were determined with a single cinecamera used in conjunction with two orthogonal rods attached to the rear part of the skater's boots. The method was based on the commutative law with the imposed restrictions that two of the angles were small in relation to the other one, and that a sequence of angular displacements was defined. This approach required the sole determinations of the planar coordinates of the three points delimiting the orthogonal rods. An experimental setup was designed to validate the method: the criterion angles were approximated with less than 2 degrees of error. Subsequently, the method was applied to a practical situation: the two-legged stop in ice hockey. The combination of this tridimensional method with instrumented strain gauge skates for the measurement of forces provides a new and powerful tool for performing kinetic analyses in tridimensional skating activities. 相似文献
30.
冰球比赛不仅仅是体能和技术的较量,而且还是心理素质的较量,在运动员的技术动作、训练水平和身体素质相近的比赛中,往往决定比赛胜负的是心理因素。对冰球运动员心理状态调控的意义进行探讨,提出采用模拟训练法、放松训练法、表象训练法、自我暗示法、注意力集中训练法、预防Cho-king现象、克服瓦伦达心态和诱导训练法等调控方法,提高冰球守门员的感知、判断和抗干扰能力,使冰球守门员形成良好的心理素质,使其在激烈的比赛中发挥出较高水平,带领球队在比赛中获得胜利。 相似文献