2型糖尿病中葡萄糖代谢异常的研究进展     

侯志敏 《河北职业技术学院学报》2009,(2)

葡萄糖代谢异常是2型糖尿病的主要病理生理改变,胰岛素依赖性和非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖代谢通路的多个环节发生了异常改变,阐明2型糖尿病葡萄糖代谢异常的分子机制,对糖尿病的治疗和预防具有重大意义。  相似文献   

2型糖尿病中葡萄糖代谢异常的研究进展     

侯志敏 《廊坊师范学院学报(自然科学版)》2009,9(2):59-61

葡萄糖代谢异常是2型糖尿病的主要病理生理改变,胰岛素依赖性和非胰岛素依赖性葡萄糖代谢通路的多个环节发生了异常改变,阐明2型糖尿病葡萄糖代谢异常的分子机制,对糖尿病的治疗和预防具有重大意义。  相似文献   

Post-exercise ingestion of different amounts of protein affects plasma insulin concentration in humans     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):152-160

Abstract

The synergistic stimulating effect of combined intake of carbohydrate and protein on plasma insulin concentration has been reported previously. However, it remains unclear whether the amount of protein ingested after exercise affects the concentrations of plasma insulin and amino acids. This study of trained men compared the effects of post-exercise co-ingestion of carbohydrate plus different amounts of whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) with carbohydrate alone on (1) blood biochemical parameters of carbohydrate metabolism during the post-exercise phase, and (2) endurance performance. Eight trained men exercised continuously for 70 min. Immediately after exercise and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min later, the participants received supplements containing: (1) 17.5 g carbohydrate, (2) 3.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (L-WPH), or (3) 8.0 g WPHs and 17.5 g carbohydrate (H-WPH). After a 2-h recovery period, the participants performed an endurance performance test. The concentrations of blood glucose were lower and plasma insulin significantly higher in the H-WPH trial compared with the carbohydrate trial. The concentrations of plasma amino acids were increased in a dose-dependent manner following ingestion of different amounts of WPHs with carbohydrate. Endurance performance was not significantly different between the three trials. Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and H-WPH was more effective than ingestion of carbohydrate alone for stimulating insulin secretion and increasing the availability of plasma amino acids. These results suggest that plasma concentrations of amino acids during the recovery period are determined by the amount of dietary protein ingested, and that it is necessary to increase the concentration of plasma amino acids above a certain level to stimulate insulin secretion.  相似文献   

Hyperinsulinemia and overweight in obese Zucker rats effectively suppressed by exercise training with hypoxia recovery     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(2):221-230

Abstract

It is currently unknown whether hypoxia training can effectively suppress overweight and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese animals. In this study, both lean and obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned into the following groups: control (CON, n=7), exercise training (EX, n=7), hypoxia (HYP, n=7) and exercise training with hypoxia recovery (EX+HYP, n=7). During a 6-week training period, rats performed swimming exercise progressively from 30 to 180 min·day^?1, and recovered under hypoxia (14% oxygen for 8 h·day^?1). Obese Zucker rats exhibited substantially greater fasting insulin levels, and exaggerated glucose and insulin responses following an oral glucose challenge compared with lean rats. At the beginning of week 6, body weight, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, area under curve of glucose (GAUC) and insulin (IAUC) in the EX+HYP group were significantly lower than CON group among the obese rats. Meanwhile, only GAUC was significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group. At the end of week 6, capillaries to fibre ratio (C/F), capillary density (CD) and type IIa fibre proportion of the plantaris muscle in the EX group were significantly greater than the CON group (P<0.05), but no additive effect of hypoxia on exercise training was observed. Our data demonstrate that exercise training with prolonged hypoxia recovery offers better metabolic benefits than exercise training alone for the obese Zucker rats. This advantage was closely associated with effective weight reduction.  相似文献   

Insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance testing in athletes: Disagreement between available indices     

Konstantinos Niakaris  Faidon Magkos  Nikos Geladas  Labros S Sidossis 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(10):1065-1073

The aims of the present study were to determine whether available “fasting” and oral glucose tolerance test-derived insulin sensitivity indices could effectively discriminate between individuals with higher than normal insulin sensitivity, and whether they would all provide similar information in clinical practice. Sprint runners (n = 8), endurance runners (n = 8) and sedentary controls (n = 7) received a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. All participants were healthy lean males, aged 21?–?29 years. Besides glucose and insulin responses, a total of nine such indices were computed. Fasting as well as post-load glucose concentrations were similar in the three groups, while basal plasma insulin and the insulinaemic response to glucose were both higher in untrained individuals (at P?<?0.05 and P?<?0.02, respectively). There were no differences between endurance and sprint runners. The results for insulin sensitivity, however, were quite variable: three indices showed that both groups of athletes were more insulin-sensitive than controls; three indicated that this was the case for endurance runners only; one indicated that this was the case for sprint runners only; and two showed that sprint runners were more insulin-sensitive than either sedentary individuals or endurance runners (all differences were significant at P?<?0.05). Controlling for total body weight or lean mass did not effectively resolve this disagreement. Apparently, the various insulin sensitivity indices examined provided different quantitative and qualitative information, despite insulin action being greater in both groups of athletes relative to controls, as reflected by their similar glucose tolerance with lower insulin concentrations. We suggest, therefore, that the use and interpretation of such indices among physically active individuals be made with caution.  相似文献   

Optimization of insulin-mediated creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans     

G. Pittas  M. D. Hazell  E. J. Simpson  P. L. Greenhaff 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):67-74

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether creatine ingested in combination with relatively small quantities of essential amino acids, simple sugars, and protein would stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as a large bolus of simple sugars. Seven young, healthy males underwent three randomized, 3-day experimental trials. Each day, 24-h urine collections were made, and on the second day participants received 5 g creatine + water (creatine trial), 5 g creatine + ～95 g dextrose (creatine + carbohydrate) or 5 g creatine + 14 g protein hydrolysate, 7 g leucine, 7 g phenylalanine, and 57 g dextrose (creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate) via naso-gastric tube at three equally spaced intervals. Blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals after the first and third naso-gastric bolus. After administration of the first and third bolus, serum insulin concentration was increased by 15 min (P < 0.05) in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials compared with creatine alone, and plasma creatine increased more following creatine alone (15 min, P < 0.05) than in the creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate trials. Urinary creatine excretion was greater with creatine alone (P < 0.05) than with creatine + carbohydrate and creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate. Administration of creatine + protein, amino acids, and carbohydrate can stimulate insulin release and augment whole-body creatine retention to the same extent as when larger quantities of simple sugars are ingested.  相似文献   

细胞因子与重症肌无力的关系     

朱惠民  张旭 《金华职业技术学院学报》2004,4(4):46-49

重症肌无力是由乙酰胆碱受体抗体(AChRAb)引起的自身免疫性疾病。根据分泌细胞因子的不同，将辅助性T细胞分为Th1和Th2细胞两个亚类，Th1分泌IFN-γ，IL-2为主，参与细胞免疫；Th2分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-10等，参与体液免疫。研究表明细胞因子在重症肌无力发病机制中起重要作用。  相似文献   

雌激素受体(ER)与基因蛋白(P53、erbB-2)在胃癌中表达的研究     

薄爱华  张世棋  蒋丽娜  张晓丽  赵秀芳  何玉然 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2001,(5)

目的:探讨ER、erbB-2和P53在胃癌表达及相关性。方法:取胃癌手术标本119例,SP免疫组织化学染色。结果:ER、erbB-2和P53在胃癌表达率分别为63.87％,75.51％和73.11％;三者同时阳性者31.93％;ER与P53同时阳性者37.82％;ER与erbB-2同时阳性者33.61％;ER在高分化组阳性率高于低分化组(P<0.05);而erbB-2和P53在低分化组阳性率高于高分化组。70岁以上组P53、ER和erbB-2表达率均较高。结论:ER、P53和erbB-2在胃癌中表达率与癌瘤分化程度相关。P53和erbB-2有相关性,而且它们是胃癌预后不良的指标。  相似文献   

肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵路静  宋春青 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2005,22(1):51-53

目的:探讨肥胖与2型糖尿病的关系.方法:随机选取93例患者,根据体质指数(BMD=体重/身高2,分为正常组20例(BMI＜25),超重组33例(BMI≥25),肥胖组40例(BMI≥30).分别比较2型糖尿病的患病率.结果:肥胖组与超重组2型糖尿病患病率(40.0%、27.3%)均高于正常组(10.0%).肥胖组与超重组之间2型糖尿病患病率无显著性差别.结论:肥胖是导致2型糖尿病发生的重要因素.  相似文献   

维生素D_3及其受体的生物学效应     

任雪平  张霁 《商丘师范学院学报》2012,28(9):83-86

1,25-（OH）2D3是维生素D3经肝、肾代谢后的主要活性形式,其生物学效应是由VDR介导的.1,25-（OH）2D3与VDR结合被活化后,参与维持体内矿物质动态平衡、钙及磷酸根代谢、骨代谢、调节多种组织细胞的生长分化,并具有免疫调节、抑制肿瘤、抗炎等作用.  相似文献