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31.
目的:探讨分析体育舞蹈专业女大学生足底压力的分布特征,为参加体育舞蹈训练的普通大学生和体育舞蹈专业学生提供数据参考。方法:采用footscan USB足底压力平板测试系统对8名普通女大学生和8名体育舞蹈专业女大学生进行正常行走、伦巴走步的足底压力测试。结果:裸足正常行走过程中,体育舞蹈专业和普通女大学生在足底各分区压力分布基本一致,无显著性差异;普通女大学生在第2-5趾、第1跖骨、第2跖骨、第5跖骨、足中部区域左、右差异有统计学意义,而体育舞蹈专业女大学生除了在第1趾存在差异外,左右足无显著性差异;体育舞蹈专业大学生在伦巴走步过程中,压力中心轨迹与正常行走时有很大差异。这种差异在足底各分区压力-时间积分中表现为,左右脚的脚前掌、足中部压力-时间积分变大,足跟部位压力-时间积分明显变小,且与正常行走相比有显著性差异,做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足弓部位。结论:体育舞蹈专业女大学生在做舞蹈动作时,压力主要集中于脚前掌和足中部,且外侧跖骨受力显著。参加体育舞蹈训练时必须穿着适当高度、适当硬度的舞蹈鞋来缓解脚前掌和足中部的压力。 相似文献
32.
Yann Le Mansec Sylvain Dorel François Hug 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(4):442-452
This study aimed to compare the muscle activity of lower limbs across typical table tennis strokes. Fourteen high-level players participated in this study in which five typical strokes (backhand top, forehand top, forehand spin, forehand smash, flick) were analysed. Surface electromyography activity (EMG) of eight muscles was recorded (gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus) and normalised to the maximal activity measured during squat jump or isometric maximal voluntary contractions. The forehand spin, the forehand top and the forehand smash exhibited significant higher EMG amplitude when compared with other strokes. Both biceps femoris and gluteus maximus were strongly activated during the smash, forehand spin and forehand top (from 62.8 to 91.7% of maximal EMG activity). Both vastii and rectus femoris were moderately to strongly activated during the forehand spin (from 50.4 to 62.2% of maximal EMG activity) whereas gastrocnemii and soleus exhibited the highest level of activity during the smash (from 67.1 to 92.1% of maximal EMG activity). Our study demonstrates that offensive strokes, such as smash or forehand top, exhibit higher levels of activity than other strokes. 相似文献
33.
Michael P I Nunns Sharon J Dixon James Clarke Matt Carré 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(8):730-737
Plantar loading may influence comfort, performance and injury risk in soccer boots. This study investigated the effect of cleat configuration and insole cushioning levels on perception of comfort and in-shoe plantar pressures at the heel and fifth metatarsal head region. Nine soccer academy players (age 15.7 ± 1.6 years; height 1.80 ± 0.40 m; body mass 71.9 ± 6.1 kg) took part in the study. Two boot models (8 and 6 cleats) and two insoles (Poron and Poron/gel) provided four footwear combinations assessed using pressure insoles during running and 180° turning. Mechanical and comfort perception tests differentiated boot and insole conditions. During biomechanical testing, the Poron insole generally provided lower peak pressures than the Poron/gel insole, particularly during the braking step of the turn. The boot model did not independently influence peak pressures at the fifth metatarsal, and had minimal influence on heel loads. Specific boot-insole combinations performed differently (P < 0.05). The 8-cleat boot and the Poron insole performed best biomechanically and perceptually, but the combined condition did not. Inclusion of kinematic data and improved control of the turning technique are recommended to strengthen future research. The mechanical, perception and biomechanical results highlight the need for a multi-faceted approach in the assessment of footwear. 相似文献
34.
This study presents the kinematics and plantar pressure characteristics of eight elite national-level badminton athletes and eight recreational college-level badminton players while performing a right-forward lunge movement in a laboratory-simulated badminton court. The hypothesis was that recreational players would be significantly different from elite players in kinematics and plantar pressure measures. Vicon® motion capture and Novel® insole plantar pressure measurement were simultaneously taken to record the lower extremity kinematics and foot loading during stance. Recreational players showed significantly higher peak pressure in the lateral forefoot (P = 0.002) and force time integral in the lateral forefoot (P = 0.013) and other toes (P = 0.005). Elite athletes showed higher peak pressure in the medial forefoot (P = 0.003), hallux (P = 0.037) and force time integral in the medial forefoot (P = 0.009). The difference in landing techniques for the lunge step between elite athletes and recreational players was observed with peak ankle eversion (?38.2°±2.4° for athletes and ?11.1°±3.9° for players, P = 0.015); smaller knee range of motion in the coronal and transverse planes, with differences in peak knee adduction (28.9°±6.8° for athletes and 15.7°±6.2° for players, P = 0.031); peak knee internal rotation (20.3°±1.3° for athletes and 11.8°±3.2° for players, P = 0.029) and peak hip flexion (77.3°±4.1° for athletes and 91.3°±9.3° for players, P = 0.037). 相似文献
35.
Wen-Lan Wu Hsiu-Tao Hsu I-Hua Chu Feng-Hua Tsai Jing-Min Liang 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):210-219
In order to help coaches analyse the techniques of professional in-line speed skaters for making the required fine adjustments and corrections in their push-off work, this study analysed the specific plantar pressure characteristics during a 300-m time-trial test. Fourteen elite in-line speed skaters from the national team were recruited in this study. The total completion time of the 300-m time-trial test, duration of each skating phase, and plantar pressure distribution were measured. The correlation between plantar pressure distribution and skating performance was assessed using Pearson correlation analyses. The results showed that the contact time of the total foot and force–time integral (FTI) in the medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the start phase, and the FTIs in the medial forefoot of the gliding (left) leg and lateral forefoot of the pushing (right) leg were significantly correlated with the duration of the turning phase. The maximum force in the medial heel, medial forefoot, and median forefoot and the FTI in the medial heel and medial forefoot were significantly correlated with the duration of the linear acceleration phase. The results suggest that a correct plantar loading area and push-off strategy can enhance the skating performance. 相似文献
36.
采用德国Novel公司的Pedar鞋垫式(in-sole)足底压力测量系统,对40名中学生赤足与穿着慢跑鞋在1.5m·s-1、3.0m·s8-1和5.0m·s-13个速度下的步态周期、最大地面反作用力、最大足底压强、平均足底压强和力量-时间积分值进行分析,探讨赤足运动与穿鞋运动的生物力学特性,以及引起赤足和穿鞋运动之间差异的原因,为指导青少年健康运动提供科学、可靠的参考依据.研究结果证实,赤足运动与穿鞋运动在步态、用力方式、压力分布上都存在显著差异,穿着慢跑鞋运动可有效降低运动损伤出现的几率,为青少年的健康运动提供基础保障. 相似文献
37.
对周口师院体育系460名学生进行足弓指数测验,用所测数据进行多种统计运算,制定出评分标准和评价标准,供形态评定和选材参考。 相似文献
38.
目的:对短跑鞋鞋钉分布的合理性进行生物力学分析与评价,为科学选择或设计钉鞋提供参考;方法:18名专业短跑运动员分别穿三种不同鞋钉分布的钉鞋全力跑,经过上面铺有塑胶跑道的测力平板,测试足底和鞋钉尖端部位区域的压强分布与变化,通过高速录像分析运动员右脚着地前瞬间的重心水平速度;结果与讨论:两排7钉鞋在第一跖骨位置没有安装鞋钉不符合足底受力分布规律,鞋钉2和3位置设计重复;三排7钉鞋和8钉鞋设计合理性好于两排7钉鞋。两排7钉鞋在第二排的鞋钉4,如果安置在靠近脚掌内侧第二、三跖骨位置,效果会更好;8钉鞋第二排最外侧的鞋钉5作用不大,可以考虑去掉。结论:8钉鞋的加速性能最好,三排7钉鞋其次,两排7钉鞋最差;8钉鞋最符合足底受力分布实际情况,其次是三排7钉鞋,最差的为两排7钉鞋,在设计上有明显不合理之处。 相似文献
39.
踝关节跖屈、背屈肌群的生物力学研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
踝关节是运动中最容易受伤的关节,其最常见的受伤形式是踝作跖屈内翻动作,最常受伤的韧带是距腓前韧带.试图通过对踝关节解剖学特征、生物力学特征、肌肉工作形式等方面情况的分析,为对踝的跖屈、背屈肌肉力量的进一步研究打下良好的基础. 相似文献
40.
目的,为了我国运动员在今后的冬奥会上有所新突破,提出一种新型速滑冰刀连接装置.方法与内容,利用文献资料法、对比分析法和试验分析法,分析了Clap式速滑冰刀结构特点与不足,以及速滑冰刀结构相关研究进程,并在论述跖屈型新冰刀研究情况基础上,提出对屈趾型速滑冰刀的改进.结果,通过对国内外研究成果进行了结构力学和生物力学的对比,提出了符合速滑冰刀结构特点和符合人体生物力学特点的一种短臂铰链与钢片软桥的屈趾型速滑冰刀连接装置.结论,这种新型速滑冰刀连接装置结构,有助于脚部跖趾关节发挥生理性功能,使冰刀与冰鞋的固定更加牢靠.将有可能提高速滑成绩. 相似文献