下坡跑运动对骨骼肌α7β1整合素及FAK表达的影响     

李敏  张林 《体育学刊》2015,(1):134-138

通过观察下坡跑运动后α7β1整合素及FAK的表达和FAK活性的变化,探讨α7β1整合素在运动重复效应中作用机制。将32只小鼠随机分为安静对照组,运动后3 h组、24 h组、8 d组。小鼠进行一次性下坡跑运动,速度为17 m/min,坡度为-20°,时间为30 min。各组于各时刻点摘眼球取血及取双侧腓肠肌。比色法检测血清CK活性,Real-time PCR检测α7β1整合素及FAK的m RNA表达,Western blot检测α7β1整合素及p FAK397的蛋白表达。结果显示一次下坡跑运动后CK活性升高显著,且在24 h增幅增大。α7 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,但在24 h变化不明显,但8 d时仍增加显著,其蛋白水平在运动后3 h显著增加,虽在24 h和8 d时升高程度逐渐降低但仍呈显著。β1 integrin m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,蛋白水平在一次运动后3 h呈显著升高,24 h升高程度增加,在8 d时回复。FAK m RNA在一次运动后3 h显著增加,24 h及8 d变化不明显,p FAK397水平在一次运动后呈现显著升高,24 h升高程度降低,8 d时基本回复。结果表明α7β1整合素-FAK信号通路介导了运动重复效应。  相似文献   

企业政治关联影响技术创新的作用机理研究——多重理论整合的视角     

罗明新 《科技管理研究》2015,(20)

现有文献对于企业政治关联与技术创新的关注刚刚开始,对于政治关联影响技术创新的作用机理商未完全揭示清楚。立足于高阶理论,并结合社会资本理论和资源基础观等多重理论,构建了政治关联影响技术创新的理论模型。经由逻辑演绎与理论整合,形成了作用机理综合性分析框架。研究表明,政治关联影响技术创新的作用机理可以概括为:"高管政治关联—创新资源获取—创新资源投入—创新绩效"。研究结论对于全面认识政治关联的作用、促进企业技术创新具有重要的理论意义和管理启示。  相似文献   

主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳的实验分析     

张剑杰 《科技通报》2015,(2):19-21

目的:研究主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳的作用,对人体的适当运动对缓解肌肉疲劳有一定的调节指导意义。传统的分析方法基于蛋白质的分析方法,通过对于人体中蛋白质的详细分析和测试,推理出人体主动肌肉收缩对缓解疲劳的机理分析,但只是结果定性分析,没有详细描述机体的肌肉收缩详细过程。方法:提出一种基于主动肌肉收缩特性的方法,通过实验测试了三种不同运动状态所造成的疲劳程度,等长训练,等张训练,等动训练下的训练特性与相应的主动肌肉收缩特性,并且调查分析了不同年龄段的人群对于主动肌肉收缩下的运动疲劳缓解调节能力。结果:实验结果表明,主动肌肉收缩能够在一定程度上降低运动的疲劳感,并且随着年龄的增长,疲劳缓解调节达到预期效果的比例在逐渐降低,同时主动肌肉收缩的机理特性也在降低。结论:主动肌肉收缩对缓解运动疲劳具有很好的指导意义。  相似文献   

不同时程下[Ca2+]i介导骨骼肌微细损伤与修复的机制及针刺的干预作用     

刘阳  王瑞元  康红哲 《北京体育大学学报》2015,38(2):54-60

目的:观察离心运动介导骨骼肌微损伤与修复过程,肌细胞不同微区钙离子浓度变化所起的作用,以及肌浆网钙释放通道兰尼定受体(RyR)的调控信号。方法:114只雄性SD大鼠,分为离心运动(E组,36只)、离心运动+针刺(EA组,36只)、单纯针刺(A组,36只)和安静对照(C组,6只)。E、EA和A组在运动后即刻、6、12、24、48、72 h取材,电镜观察结构,能谱分析Z线和H区钙元素,WB观察磷酸二酯酶-4-D3(PDE4D3)和FK506绑定蛋白12(FKBP12)表达。结果:E与EA组Z线附近的钙离子浓度在运动后即刻和恢复期的12~72 h呈2次上升趋势,其中EA组第2次上升更早且明显。1次离心运动不能破坏RyR的稳定性。结论:运动后即刻的[Ca2+]i升高介导导了损伤,而运动后12~72 h内的第2次[Ca2+]i升高与组织修复有关,此升高非RyR不稳产生"钙漏"而导致的破坏性"钙超载"。研究价值:本研究发现离心运动过后72 h内不同时间段内,钙离子升高具有截然不同的效应,为肌肉损伤和恢复的钙机制研究提供新的方向。  相似文献   

Effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting     

Ayako Higashihara  Yasuharu Nagano  Kazumasa Takahashi  Toru Fukubayashi 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(13):1366-1375

This study aimed to investigate the effects of forward trunk lean on hamstring muscle kinematics during sprinting. Eight male sprinters performed maximal-effort sprints in two trunk positions: forward lean and upright. A three-dimensional musculoskeletal model was used to compute the musculotendon lengths and velocity of the biceps femoris long head, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles during the sprinting gait cycle. The musculotendon lengths of all the three hamstring muscles at foot strike and toe-off were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. In addition, a positive peak musculotendon lengthening velocity was observed in the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles during the late stance phase, and musculotendon lengths at that instant were significantly greater during the forward trunk lean sprint than during the upright trunk sprint. The present study provides significant evidence that a potential for hamstring muscle strain injury involving forward trunk lean sprinting would exist during the stance phase. The results also indicate that the biceps femoris long head and semimembranosus muscles are stretched during forward trunk lean sprinting while contracting eccentrically in the late stance phase; thus, the elongation load on these muscles could be increased.  相似文献   

Impact of age on haematological markers pre- and post-marathon running     

Thomas G. Martin  Rachel W. Pata  Johanna D’Addario  Lauren Yuknis  Rebecca Kingston  Richard Feinn 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(19):1988-1997

This study investigated whether haematological markers differ between young and masters marathon participants, running at similar performance levels. Nine young (31.89 ± 4.96 years) and eight masters (63.13 ± 4.61 years) runners participated. At five time points (pre-race through 54 h post-race), a complete blood cell count, basic metabolic panel and creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme panel were assessed. Race performance was standardised using the World Masters Association Age Grading Performance Tables. Total CK levels were elevated for all participants at all time points post-race (P < 0.001). The CK-isoenzyme MB% was elevated across groups at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05), with masters runners having a higher CK-MB% at 30 and 54 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). Total white blood cell and neutrophil counts were elevated through 6 h post-race (P < 0.001), with higher levels found in younger runners (P < 0.001). When considering all blood work, masters runners had a higher number of abnormal values at 6, 30 and 54 h post-race (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). In conclusion, masters runners demonstrated sustained CK-MB elevation, which may suggest greater cardiac stress. However, future studies using additional cardiac markers should be completed to confirm these findings. In addition, masters runners showed an increased number of laboratory values outside normal range, indicating the body’s reduced capacity to respond to marathon running.  相似文献   

Temporal specificity of training: intra-day effects on biochemical responses and Olympic-Weightlifting performances     

Achraf Ammar  Hamdi Chtourou  Khaled Trabelsi  Johnny Padulo  Mouna Turki  Kais El Abed 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(4):358-368

The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an Olympic-Weightlifting session training at three times of the day on the performance related to biochemical responses. Nine weightlifters (21 ± 0.5 years) performed, in randomised order, on three Olympic-Weightlifting training (snatch, clean and jerk) sessions (08:00 a.m., 02:00 p. m., 06:00 p. m.). Blood samples were collected: before, 3 min and 48 h after each training session. Haematological parameters and markers of muscle injury were assessed. Resting oral temperature and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also assessed during each session. ANOVA showed that the performance was better (P < 0.001) at 02:00 p. m. with a less RPE (P < 0.01) compared to the morning and the evening sessions while there was higher (P < 0.05) oral temperature at 06:00 p. m. versus 08:00 a.m. and 02:00 p. m. Muscle damage changed immediately (without significant effect after 48 h) after the training sessions with lower values ??in the evening compared to the morning. In conclusion, the afternoon training is more effective than morning or evening sessions for weightlifters. Therefore, coaches and weightlifters should be advised to schedule their training session in the afternoon hour.  相似文献   

Effects of GLUT4 expression on insulin resistance in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis     

Shan WF  Chen BQ  Zhu SJ  Jiang L  Zhou YF 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2011,12(8):677-682

  相似文献   

普通高中开设职业技能课程探索--以宁波北仑中学为例     

王伟隆 《职业技术教育》2015,(14)

普通高中开始职业技能课是实现普职融通、建设现代职业教育体系建设的关键环节。以宁波北仑中学为例分析发现,通过线性结构及平行结构等多种课程实施模式,在普通高中开设职业技能课程可以取得多方面教育成效,包括提升普高教育理念,开启职业启蒙教育,为学生营造多科学的成长环境,等等。但职业技能课程在实施过程中也面临一系列问题,包括没有形成统一的课程标准,教师不够重视,评价机制不完善等。针对这些问题,普通高中应建立统一的职业技能课程准入机制,加强普高教师技能培训,改革职业技能课程评价机制。  相似文献   

肌肉运动疲劳的生物标志物研究进展     

赵海涛  曹庆雷  刘鑫  李小兰 《成都体育学院学报》2021,(2):128-135

肌肉疲劳是指在进行肌肉收缩活动期间产生的做功能力下降现象,在运动过程中很常见,也是限制运动员提高成绩的主要原因之一。肌肉疲劳产生生物标志物可以评估在运动期间肌肉的疲劳程度和运动对骨骼肌的影响。肌肉疲劳主要是由于能量物质耗尽,氧化应激增加,炎症反应激活等机制造成的。此外,还涉及了脱水、高氨血症、线粒体生物发生和遗传反应,文章通过梳理,把肌肉疲劳的生物标志物分为两类:一类是非侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括肌肉功率输出测量、电生理测量、心脏功能测量和摄氧量等;另一类是侵入式的生物标志物,主要包括ATP代谢、氧化应激和炎症等相关的生化指标。以期对以后运动疲劳的诊断和新的生物标志物的开发提供有价值的信息。  相似文献