赛前减体重对运动员运动能力的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

陈昱 《西安体育学院学报》2003,20(5):37-39

赛前减体重能够对运动员的运动能力、身体机能和营养健康造成影响。笔者主要综述了国内外对减体重的研究资料,详细的对这一影响进行了概述,并认为在减体重时应用身体成分、蛋白质、无机盐和维生素代谢以及身体免疫能力等数个指标进行科学检测。  相似文献   

锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者体重指数和细胞免疫功能的作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王铁流  田中伟  周勇 《体育科学》2005,25(8):71-74

探讨微量元素锌与有氧运动对肥胖患者细胞免疫功能的影响。将30例12～30岁肥胖患者按体重指数值随机分为补锌有氧运动组和有氧运动组,采用PHA体外诱导淋巴细胞增殖,观测诱导后淋巴细胞的增殖能力,并测定细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ血清浓度的变化;用LDH释放法测定NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性,对结果进行统计学处理。两组结果相比较,经过锻炼后体重指数均下降,但补锌有氧运动组下降更为明显(P<0.05);补锌有氧运动组患者血液的淋巴细胞对PHA诱导的增殖能力显著增强(P<0.05);血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平也显著升高(P<0.05);NK和LAK细胞的杀伤活性亦明显增强(P<0.05)。补锌加有氧运动可以改善肥胖患者细胞免疫功能状态,降低体重,增强机体的抵抗力,有利于帮助患者机体康复。  相似文献   

第十一届世界技巧锦标赛双人项目选手身高、体重、年龄及运动年限指标调查与分析     

赵秋爽  吴志海 《沈阳体育学院学报》1996,(3)

本文通过对第十一届世界技巧锦标双人项目选手共６８人的身高、体重、年龄及运动年限指标的普查结果进行统计学分析，找出了优秀选手和一般选手的差异，提出了双人项目配对选手身高差、体重差和年龄差的最优化指标．  相似文献   

基于平衡计分卡的高校信息空间绩效评估模型及指标权重分配研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱雷  孙振球  王美兰 《现代图书情报技术》2008,3(6):67-71

信息共享空间作为一种新型的服务模式正逐步被各高校图书馆所采纳,其绩效的评估也日益引起人们的重视。根据平衡计分卡的理论,针对高校图书馆的实际情况构建信息共享空间绩效评估指标体系模型,并应用专家调查法和层次分析法对各指标权重进行确定和分配,从而形成一套完善的信息共享空间绩效评估指标体系。  相似文献   

Sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis     

Kyungun Kim  Gina Ok  Soeun Jeon  Minsoo Kang 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):369-376

Controversial results reported in past research pertaining to the effectiveness of sport-based physical activity interventions on weight loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight in children and adolescents using a meta-analysis. Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, Medline, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SportDiscus databases were searched from January 2000 to April 2015. Eighteen studies met following inclusion criteria: sport-based intervention studies; subjects aged 6–18 years; reported body weight; published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. The mean intervention duration was 17.72 weeks. The overall effect size (ES) was 0.52 (Cohen’s d (ES) = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.08, 0.95, P = 0.021), using a random effects model. Moderator analyses results showed that the Q statistic for the sport type (individual sport or team sport, Qbetween (Q_b) = 14.52, df = 1, P = 0.001) and diet control (Qbetween (Q_b) = 8.85, df = 1, P = 0.001), explained the heterogeneity of ESs. Our study showed that there was a moderate overall effect of sport-based physical activity intervention on body weight reduction. The team sport type (ES = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.66) and diet control group (ES = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.41) appeared to be more effective in reducing body weight.  相似文献   

我国男生引体向上“零”分探因:基于三角互证的研究策略     

何素艳  石岩 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(10):81-87

我国多数男生引体向上得"零"分，使上肢力量测评出现"地板效应"。采用量化研究和质性研究两种范式提高研究效度。量化研究对学生体质与健康调研数据和监测数据进行方差分析、多重比较和回归分析，结果表明：（1）每5~10年，男生的握力、体重、身高、BMI、引体向上均值差异显著；（2）年龄、握力、体重、身高、BMI分别显著预测引体向上成绩，体重和握力是影响我国男生引体向上成绩的主要影响因素。质性研究结果表明，引体向上"零"分主要有四个方面的原因：体重增长难挡，力量增长受限，个体认知偏差，社会支持薄弱。结论：我国男生引体向上"零"分的首要原因是体重增长较快，其次，主要肌群绝对力量和耐力增长不足，男生对引体向上的认知有偏差，学校、家长、社会支持较弱；借助政策控制体重、发展肌力、完善测评标准、促进男生积极练习引体向上十分重要。  相似文献   

基于熵权-TOPSIS模型的大风浪条件下引航员登船水域选址     

周宁  范中洲  赵羿 《上海海事大学学报》2020,41(1):46-50

为保障大风浪条件下引航员登船安全、周边船和被引船的安全以及港口的安全高效运营,选取合理的引航员登船水域至关重要。综合考虑熵权法和TOPSIS法的优点,基于熵权-TOPSIS模型对大风浪条件下引航员登船水域进行优选研究。以大风浪条件下广州港引航员登船水域选址为例,运用该模型对3个备选方案进行评价,求得方案2的相对贴近度最大。该方案所述的引航员登船水域为大风浪条件下最优登船水域,且与实际选址一致。经实例验证,该模型较为可靠,实用性强。  相似文献   

Modern dietary guidelines for healthy pregnancy; maximising maternal and foetal outcomes and limiting excessive gestational weight gain     

Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale  Ashley Graham  Stephanie Jane Hanley  Sherry Blumenthal  Craig Sale 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):62-70

Abstract

Maternal dietary habits influence maternal and foetal health, representing a pathway for intervention to maximise pregnancy outcomes. Advice on energy intake is provided on a trimester basis, with no additional calories required in the first trimester and an additional 340?kcal?d^?1 and 452?kcal?d^?1 needed for the second and third trimesters. Energy intake depends on pre-gravid body mass index (BMI); underweight women are recommended an increase of 150, 200 and 300?kcal?d^?1 during the first, second and third trimester, normal weight women an increase of 0, 350 and 500?kcal?d^?1 and obese women an increase of 0, 450 and 350?kcal?day^?1. The recommendations for carbohydrate and protein intake are 175?g?d^?1 and 0.88–1.1?g?kgBM?d^?1, with no change to fat intake. The number of pre-gravid obese women is rising; therefore, we need to regulate weight in women of childbearing age and limit gestational weight gain to within the recommended ranges [overweight women 6.8–11.3?kg and obese women 5.0–9.1?kg]. This can be achieved using nutritional interventions, as dietary changes have been shown to help with gestational weight management. As pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for the development of obesity, normal weight women should gain 11.5–16.0?kg during pregnancy. While some research has shown that dietary interventions help to regulate gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss to some extent, future research is needed to provide safe and effective guidelines to maximise these effects, while benefitting maternal and foetal health.  相似文献   

论海上保险中的委付制度     

高秋颖 《天津职业院校联合学报》2014,(3):71-73

委付制度作为一项古老的法律制度,在海上保险领域为保护被保险人的特殊需要,鼓励和保护海上运输及促进贸易发挥了重要的作用。在以委付制度为研究对象,采用将海上保险理论和委付制度的实践相结合的方式,对委付制度作进一步的分析探讨。  相似文献   

A new footwear technology to promote non-heelstrike landing and enhance running performance: Fact or fad?     

Janet H. Zhang  Aislinn J. C. McPhail  Winko W. An  Waqar M. Naqvi  Daniel L. H. Chan  Ivan P. H. Au 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(15):1533-1537

This study sought to compare the kinetics and kinematics data in a group of habitual shod runners when running in traditional running shoes and newly designed minimalist shoes with lug platform. This novel footwear design claims to simulate barefoot running and reduce energy loss during impact. We compared footstrike angle (FSA), vertical average (VALR) and instantaneous (VILR) loading rates, energy loss and initial vertical stiffness between two shoe conditions. Runners demonstrated a decreased FSA while running in minimalist shoes with lug platform than traditional shoes (P = 0.003; Cohen’s d = 0.918). However, we did not observe a landing pattern transition. VALR and VILR between two footwear conditions showed no significant difference (P = 0.191–0.258; Cohen’s d = 0.304–0.460). Initial vertical stiffness (P = 0.032; Cohen’s d = 0.671) and energy loss (P = 0.044; Cohen’s d = 0.578) were greater when running in minimalist shoes with lug platform. The results show that minimalist shoes with lug platform reduce the FSA but may not lead to a landing pattern switch or lower vertical loading rates. Interestingly, the new shoe design leads to a greater energy loss than traditional running shoes, which could be explained by a higher initial vertical stiffness.  相似文献