Education inputs,student performance and school finance reform in Michigan     

Latika Chaudhary 《Economics of Education Review》2009

This paper estimates the impact of the Michigan school finance reform, Proposal A, on education inputs and test scores. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, I find that school districts in Michigan used the increase in educational spending generated through Proposal A to increase teacher salaries and reduce class size to a smaller extent. Then, using the foundation allowance created by Proposal A as an instrument, I estimate the causal effect of increased spending on 4th and 7th grade math scores for two test measures – a scaled score and a percent satisfactory measure – and find positive effects of increased spending on 4th grade test scores. A 60% increase in spending increases the percent satisfactory score by one standard deviation. The positive impact of expenditures on test performance seems largely due to higher teacher salaries.  相似文献   

The causal effect of education on health: Evidence from the United Kingdom     

Mary A. Silles 《Economics of Education Review》2009

Numerous economic studies have shown a strong positive correlation between health and years of schooling. The question at the centre of this research is whether the correlation between health and education represents a causal relation. This paper uses changes in compulsory schooling laws in the United Kingdom to test this hypothesis. Multiple measures of overall health are used. The results provide evidence of a causal relation running from more schooling to better health which is much larger than standard regression estimates suggest.  相似文献   

The implications of changing educational and family circumstances for children's grade progression in rural Pakistan: 1997–2004     

Cynthia B. Lloyd  Cem Mete  Monica J. Grant 《Economics of Education Review》2009

We assess factors affecting primary and middle school dropout in rural Punjab and NorthWest Frontier Province over 6 years (1997–2004). These data are unique in a developing-country setting in longitudinally tracking changes in both school and household environments. While grade retention has improved, girls’ dropout rates remain fairly high. Results suggest the importance of both household and school factors. For girls, arrival in the family of an unwanted birth in the last 6 years and enrollment in a government (not private) primary school significantly increase the likelihood of dropout, whereas availability of post-primary schooling, having a mother who attended school, and living in a better-off household reduce the probability of dropout. For boys, school quality, measured by the percent of residential teachers in the primary school, and living in a more developed community significantly reduce the probability of dropping out; loss of household remittances significantly increases the likelihood of dropout.  相似文献   

Determinants of schooling for boys and girls in Nigeria under a policy of free primary education     

Jane Arnold Lincove 《Economics of Education Review》2009

This paper adds a measure of school costs to the model of determinants of schooling. Costs are estimated with controls for selection into school and the possibility of receiving free primary education (FPE). Controlling for costs, household wealth has a large, positive effect on primary school attendance with greater income elasticity for girls than boys. Girls’ attendance also depends on opportunity costs generated by providing child care for younger siblings and living on a family farm. Policies that increase household resources and reduce opportunity costs are recommended to complement free primary education.  相似文献   

新世纪中学历史教科书的结构——以国标本、上海本、港台本为中心的分析     

张利娟 《四川师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,36(5)

教材结构是一个复杂的系统,教材结构研究是教材设计最优化的奠基工作.中学历史教科书的结构通常划分为外部结构、内部结构两方面,亦有学者将其划分为课文系统和课文辅助系统两部分,但均局限于平面式思维而未体现出教材结构的层次性.新世纪出版的国标本、上海本、港台本中学历史教科书,与过去相比,在内容结构和程序结构上均有很大进步,如新增了经济、文化、科技、社会史的内容,古代史中还穿插进乡土史的内容等,使历史更加贴近社会生活,拉近了历史与现实、与学生的距离,但还需进一步完善;在形态结构上变化甚大,且呈现出多样化的发展趋势,表现为课文类型增多、基本课文构成部分增加、课前提要和图片设计有所创新等,活动与探究性课文成为课程形态变化的最大亮点.新世纪中学历史教科书的这些变化,对于激发学生学习历史兴趣,培养学生参与意识、探究和自学能力,都会有所帮助.  相似文献   

19世纪苏格兰大学的英格兰化进程     

张薇 《安徽教育学院学报》2009,(1):61-64

18、19世纪是苏格兰大学的辉煌时期,此后苏格兰大学的声名逐渐衰微,在一定程度上失去了自己的特色。运用历史分析的方法,溯源苏格兰的大学在19世纪被融入英格兰模式的进程,分析其逐步盎格鲁化、摒弃自己传统的原因。政治经济上的依赖不能保证教育方面的独立,正是政治经济因素最终导致了苏格兰高等教育与英格兰的趋同。  相似文献   

20世纪西方文论话语转型之原因     

杨松芳 《丹东师专学报》2009,(6):75-79

20世纪是西方文论蓬勃发展的时代,多元文论的碰撞、交融、转型等成为西方文论的发展趋势。本文梳理了20世纪西方文论的发展脉络,主要从社会发展与社会变革、哲学与美学思潮、语言学与语言哲学几个方面探究其对文论变革的影响,以期在当下中国文论话语转型的语境下,借鉴西方文论变革中富有意义的成分来发展本土文论,丰富我国文论建设。  相似文献   

20世纪前期语文课程分合论——兼说“阅读教学”的含义     

张心科  郑国民 《学科教育》2009,(6):45-54

与传统语文教育不同的是,现代语文教育中的识字、写字、听说、阅读、写作教学往往是在借助一本由单篇选文组成的课本进行＂集成教学＂,在实施过程中往往几项教学相互掣肘,这是造成语文教学少慢差费的一个重要原因。从1902-1904年语文独立设科至20世纪40年代,关于这几项课程的分与合的探讨就一直没有停止过。通过对不同时代关于此问题的观点的梳理、分析,可为当下的语文课程改革提供一个思考的路径。另外,＂阅读教学＂的含义也需要重新界定。  相似文献   

The impact of foreign technological innovation on domestic employment via the industry mix     

Luisa Gagliardi 《Research Policy》2019,48(6):1523-1533

This paper analyses how differences in the industry composition of British local labour markets moderate the impact of foreign technological competition in manufacturing on domestic employment, both overall and across subsamples of workers with different skill levels (high, intermediate and low). To this scope, it exploits both variations across industries in the exposure to the introduction of new technologies, and information on how such industries are combined in shaping the industrial structure of each place. The analysis shows that places that specialise in industries undergoing substantial technological competition due to foreign innovation experience a reduction in total employment that is 4.5% larger than places less exposed based on their initial industry mix. This negative performance is mainly explained by a decrease in the employment opportunities for intermediate-skilled workers. Limited support is found for successful adaptation trajectories over time across British local labour markets.  相似文献   

R&D,foreign ownership,and corporate groups: Evidence from Japanese firms     

Hyeog Ug Kwon  Jungsoo Park 《Research Policy》2018,47(2):428-439

This study empirically examines whether the research and development (R&D) activities of foreign-owned firms in Japan differ notably from the R&D activities of domestically-owned firms based on a firm-level panel dataset. Our study carefully disentangles the significant differences in R&D investment behavior of subsidiaries due to three different reasons: having a foreign parent, corporate group affiliation, and the degree of relatedness between business units. The results reveal the following. First, firms that are majority-owned by another firm are less active in R&D than independent firms. Second, foreign ownership does not matter if the parent firm is from a G7 country, but R&D intensity is significantly and positively associated with foreign ownership if the parent firm is from a non-G7 country. Finally, for subsidiaries whose business is related to that of their parent firm, the R&D intensity is lower if the parent is a domestic firm, but higher if it is a foreign firm. These findings imply that globalization and the integration of firms may not only affect production patterns and global supply chains, but may also have an important impact on the level of domestic R&D activities.  相似文献