Short-term motivation trajectories: A parallel process model of expectancy-value     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

Motivation plays a critical role in human behavior and is particularly important during college, where a single class can make or break an academic career. The longitudinal research on expectancies for success and utility value primarily focuses on prediction or change over many years, rather than change over a short period of time. However, a single class in college can often be the difference between getting a degree or not. To better understand how motivation progresses in the short-term, we examined changes in expectancy and utility value simultaneously during a single college class. Both constructs declined during the class and showed significant variability across individuals. In addition, change in expectancy was strongly correlated with change in utility value, and the expectancy slope estimates were significant predictors of continuing interest. We discuss the need for a better understanding of short-term dynamic relationships between expectancies, utility value, and outcomes.  相似文献   

Academic achievement of students without special educational needs in inclusive classrooms: A meta-analysis     

《Educational Research Review》2017

This article presents a meta-analysis that attempts to establish how the presence of students with special educational needs in the classroom impacts students without special educational needs. We meta-analyzed 47 studies that met the inclusion criteria, covering a total sample of almost 4 800 000 students. The overall effect was positive and statistically significant but weak, d = 0.12 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.23). A number of moderators, including the country of study, the manner of implementation (intervention studies versus regular school practice), the educational team composition, the level and type of disorders in students with special educational needs, and finally educational stage were examined. We discuss the findings in terms of assumptions and controversies surrounding the very concept of inclusive education.  相似文献   

The Effect of Gender and Minority Status on Salary in Private and Public ARL Libraries     

Quinn Galbraith  Erin Merrill  Olivia Outzen 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2018,44(1):75-80

The purpose of this study was to identify pay disparities within gender and race using private and public Association of Research Libraries (ARL) libraries as a lens. In this study, 44 ARL libraries participated, leading to 1099 usable responses to our survey. The findings indicate that race and gender pay disparities are larger at private libraries than at public libraries. However, disparity levels at both public and private ARL libraries are smaller than the national averages for all professions and continue to shrink.  相似文献   

学术不对称与高校图书馆学科馆员制度的建构     

李晓霞 《图书馆》2015,(1):109-111

目前,在高校图书馆推行的学科馆员制度中,学科馆员与所服务的学科对象存在学术不对称现象,造成学科服务能力难以适应学科的发展需要。在学术不对称的背景下,通过按照学科的要求引进人才、培养馆员、团队服务和绩效考评等机制,建构高校图书馆学科馆员制度,提升学科馆员的学术水平及其服务能力,推动学科发展,并逐渐使学术不对称的现状得到改善。  相似文献   

Preliminary findings of Active Classrooms: An intervention to increase physical activity levels of primary school children during class time     

《Teaching and Teacher Education》2015

This study evaluates the effects of a behaviour change intervention, which encourages the integration of physical activity into the teaching of academic lessons, on physical activity levels of students. The main outcome is mean minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily generated during the intervention lessons. Teacher's perceptions and students' enjoyment of the programme were also evaluated. Students accumulated a mean of 8 min MVPA during the intervention lessons daily. The teacher and students were very satisfied with the programme. Therefore, changing teacher behaviour towards using physically active teaching methods is a promising way of increasing children's physical activity levels.  相似文献   

The unfading power of collegiality? University governance in Poland in a European comparative and quantitative perspective     

《International Journal of Educational Development》2015

This paper studies the applicability of theoretical models of university governance from the international research literature to the Polish system. In particular, it is to test the applicability of a collegial model in the Polish case. The research question was ‘to what extent is a collegial model reflected in actual governance patterns found in the Polish university sector’. This is based on large-scale internationally comparable quantitative material. The empirical evidence for it comes from 3700 returned surveys in Poland (and more than 17,000 in eleven European countries) produced for two international research projects focused on the academic profession (CAP: “Changing Academic Profession” and EUROAC: “The Academic Profession in Europe”). This paper concludes that Polish universities are operating according to the traditional collegial model of the university as a “community of scholars” to an extent that is unparalleled in Western Europe. A detailed study of selected variables and specifically constructed indexes indicates that the defining feature of Polish academia today is the power of academic collegial bodies. The influence of collegial bodies on academic decision-making in Poland is the highest in Europe; and, in contrast, the power of the government and external stakeholders is the lowest. However, academics, sharing the “republic of scholars” institutional vision of the university, and still highly influential in university decision-making, are currently confronted with higher education reforms grounded in an instrumental vision of the university (in which it is a tool for national political agendas). Consequently, powerful value-driven clashes between the academic community and the community of policymakers and reformers are to be expected to intensify. The major theoretical concepts used in this paper come from Johan P. Olsen’s, Ian McNay’s and Robert Birnbaum’s studies of university governance, and its findings are presented from a European comparative and quantitative perspective.  相似文献   

大学教师学术失范的个人和环境影响因素分析——基于多学校调查的实证研究     

张英丽 《复旦教育论坛》2015,(3):41-46

采用问卷调查法了解个人因素、环境因素对大学教师学术失范的影响及其相对重要性。对62所本科院校3021名教师的调查结果表明:第一,个人因素方面,最高学位、所属学科、规范有效性认知、压力感、不公平感与失范显著相关,规范有效性认知、最高学位、所属学科、不公平感对失范的影响最有力;第二,环境因素方面,同事失范行为、被举报可能性、同事不赞同、惩罚严厉性、规范教育、诚信氛围、学校容忍度均与失范显著相关,同事失范行为、学校容忍度、规范教育、同事不赞同、诚信氛围的影响最有力;第三,与个人因素相比,环境因素对失范的影响更大。鉴于此,防治大学教师学术失范应加强规范教育并加大规范执行力度,创建道德共同体并营造诚信学术氛围,重视前期预防和后期补救而不能仅寄希望于加大处罚力度。  相似文献   

学术导师领导力与研究生创造力:直线相关还是曲线相关?     

蒙艺  罗长坤 《复旦教育论坛》2015,(3):27-33,65

学术导师领导力是影响研究生创造力的一个重要因素。基于相关理论,提出和回答关于学术导师领导力与研究生创造力关系状态的研究问题。曲线拟合和等级回归分析677个样本数据的结果显示:学术导师领导力与创造力曲线相关,是正U型曲线关系。研究发现弥补相关理论的缺失,为学术导师领导实践和高等院校创新教育管理提供切实的参考。  相似文献   

研究生导师压力现状及其影响因素分析--基于我国研究生院高校的实证研究     

付梦芸 《复旦教育论坛》2015,(3)

研究生导师是高校教师中的特殊群体,承担着教学、科研和研究生指导等工作任务。本文利用2014年对50余所研究生院高校的调查数据,对我国导师的压力进行了分析。研究表明：导师面临着不同程度的工作负荷和压力,其中科研与考核是最主要的压力源;在整个职业生涯中,青年导师所承受的压力最大;而且从事普通学科（专业）的导师压力最大。此外,职业定位与取向、指导博士生规模、年龄以及学科（专业）地位是引发导师压力的重要因素。  相似文献   

Searching for New Answers: The Application of Task‐Technology Fit to E‐Textbook Usage          下载免费PDF全文

Natalie Gerhart  Daniel A. Peak  Victor R. Prybutok 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2015,13(1):91-111

Students have been slow to adopt e‐textbooks even though they are often less expensive than traditional textbooks. Prior e‐textbook research has focused on adoption behavior, with little research to date on how students perceive e‐textbooks fitting their needs. This work builds upon Task‐Technology Fit (TTF) and Consumer Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) theory to present a student‐perspective model of e‐textbook usage. By contextualizing TTF and UTAUT2 to e‐textbooks, the research fills a gap in the literature and provides guidance to researchers and practitioners. The goal of the research is to understand how students perceive their task of learning to fit with e‐textbook technology, and how that fit influences e‐textbook usage and expected performance in their classes. To achieve this goal, the research develops a model to test the relationship between perceived TTF of e‐textbooks and UTAUT2‐defined user characteristics that encourage adoption behaviors, thus facilitating student learning. The findings show that four factors impact a student's perceived TTF: substitution, habit, hedonic motivation, and facilitating conditions. Furthermore, perceived TTF positively correlates with students’ e‐textbook usage and expected performance in classes when using e‐textbooks. While price value exhibits a measurable effect on e‐textbook utilization, it is a minor factor.  相似文献