太平天国妇女参政为官新论——兼论妇女参政为官不能作为太平天国解放妇女的主要论据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

廖胜  王晓南 《绵阳师范学院学报》2007,26(9):4-10

太平天国女官的来源和途径主要靠地缘、血缘裙带和恩赏等方式升迁。女官的工作职责、内容和作用还只是作为太平天国政坛上的"勤杂工"而参政为官。大部分女官除了在女馆、女营管理方面发挥一定作用外,几乎没有人居于决策领导者地位,根本不能参与机要或共谋军政大事。女官在太平天国的整个职官体系中,作用微不足道,地位无足轻重,权力名存实亡。不能将太平天国妇女参政为官现象,作为太平天国男女政治平等和妇女解放的依据。  相似文献   

论对等原则－不平等的合理性限度   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭定光 《襄樊学院学报》2002,23(1):15-19

平等原则只能对人与人之间在哪些方面应该平等予以辩护，却不能对人与人之间的不平等作出解释。后需要对等原则来说明。对等原则相对于平等原则的特点是：它们都是对人与人之间关系的把握，但前都只关注人与人的差别性，后则关注人与人的相同性；前则只起维护社会秩序的作用；对等原则与平等原则的这些区别源于它们具有不同的根据。对等原则以人是功能的人为根据，即社会根据每个人的功能大小及性质来分配各种利益。它的具体内容是权利和义务对等的原则及付出与获得对等的原则。  相似文献   

哈贝马斯的“解放兴趣论”述评     

王欣 《山东教育学院学报》2013,(5):65-69,88

认识与兴趣是哈贝马斯创立其交往理论学说的依据。作为法兰克福学派的第二代学者,哈贝马斯继承了第一代学者们对现代社会制度的意识形态批判,尝试通过分析认识与兴趣的联系,重新定义认识论,建立以兴趣为导向的认识论。他认为,只有解放的兴趣才能实现理论和实践的统一,他推崇的是建立一种没有统治压迫、平等对话的模式,倡导追求自由以及体现主体性的价值,达到平等对话的共识,从而将主体从依附于对象化的力量中解放出来。但是哈贝马斯在探索的过程中扭曲了马克思的劳动观点,和历史唯物主义背道而驰。他旨在重建社会的批判理论,却没有从根本上触动资本主义的意识形态。  相似文献   

The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon     

Jan van Dijk  Kenneth Hacker 《The Information Society》2013,29(4):315-326

The purpose of this article is to propose a fruitful analytical framework for data supposedly related to the concept of the so-called "digital divide." The extent and the nature of this divide depend on the kind of access defined. Considering the possession of hardware, growing divides among different categories of income, employment, education, age, and ethnicity can be proved to have existed in the 1980s and 1990s according to official American and Dutch statistics. If only by effects of saturation, these gaps will more or less close. However, it is shown that differential access of skills and usage is likely to increase. The growth of a usage gap is projected. Multivariate analyses of Dutch official statistics reveal the striking effect of age and gender as compared to education. The usage gap is related to the evolution of the information and network society. Finally, policy perspectives are discussed.  相似文献   

Solving the equity–equality conceptual dilemma: a new model for analysis of the educational process     

Oscar Espinoza 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):343-363

Background Over the past four decades there have been a number of controversies arising from the discussion of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’. These concepts are often invoked by policy analysts, policy-makers, government officials and scholars in order to justify or critique resource allocation to different levels of the educational system.

Purpose By creating a new equality–equity goal-oriented model, which allows the combination of different dimensions for each concept with different stages of the educational process, this paper aims to achieve two purposes: (1) to clarify among researchers, educators, evaluators, policy analysts, and policy-makers the notions of ‘equality’ and ‘equity’; and (2) to encourage researchers and evaluators to critically examine and synthesize equality/equity-based research.

Sources of evidence A review of the literature concerning the meaning, goals and assumptions of the concepts ‘equity’ and ‘equality’, and their implications for social and public policy, is presented.

Main argument A survey of recent and earlier debates on ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ among scholars and researchers reveals disagreement and confusion about what those concepts really mean and what they involve in terms of goals and results. It is debatable whether we can have ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ in a society that prioritizes efficiency in resource management over social justice. Certainly, such questions have shaped and guided many discussions and theoretical debates among scholars, policy analysts and policy-makers.

Conclusions Most of the definitions of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’ are frequently used by many researchers, evaluators, policy-makers, policy analysts, scholars and educators as if they were interchangeable. Instead of arguing for a unique or simple conception of ‘equity’ and ‘equality’, a set of definitions of those concepts as well as a discussion related to theoretical and policy issues associated are presented. In order to avoid that confusion, the equality–equity model developed in this paper suggests several new directions for analysis and research. It provides some ideas about how ‘equity’ (i.e. ‘equity for equal needs’, ‘equity for equal potential’ and ‘equity for equal achievement’) and ‘equality’ (i.e. ‘equality of opportunity’, ‘equality for all’ and ‘equality on average across social groups’) could be treated and measured in future research in relation to different features of the educational process (availability of resources, access, survival, output and outcome).  相似文献   

‘Creative destruction’: knowledge economy policy and the future of the arts and humanities in the academy1     

Elizabeth Bullen  Jane Kenway 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(1):3-22

Policy conceptualizations of the global knowledge economy have led to the channelling of much Higher Education and Research and Development funding into the priority areas of science and technology. Among other things, this diversion of funding calls into question the future of traditional humanities and creative arts faculties. How these faculties, and the disciplines within them, might reconfigure themselves for the knowledge economy is, therefore, a question of great importance, although one that as yet has not been adequately answered. This paper explores some of the reasons for this by looking at how innovation in the knowledge economy is typically theorized. It takes one policy trajectory informing Australia’s key innovation statement as an example. It argues that, insofar as the formation of this knowledge economy policy has been informed by a techno‐economic paradigm, it works to preclude many humanities and creative arts disciplines. This paper, therefore, looks at how an alternative theorization of the knowledge economy might offer a more robust framework from within which to develop humanities and creative arts Higher Education and Research policy in the knowledge economy, both in Australia and internationally.  相似文献   

如何提高高等教育入学机会的公平性——加州大学本科招生“地方合格性标准”的启示     

常桐善 《复旦教育论坛》2009,7(6):42-47

本文阐述了加州大学以申请学生在毕业中学的成绩排名为标准的本科录取方法.这种方法不仅可以推动中学的综合素质教育,而且对高等教育多元化也有促进作用.更为重要的是,在社会、经济、教育发展不均衡的情况下,这种方法对于提高高等教育入学机会的公平性有着积极的意义.  相似文献   

印度初等教育性别公平问题及其启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋德如  杨波 《比较教育研究》2005,26(10):34-38

印度初等教育的发展中存在着诸多问题,其中以性别公平问题较为突出,本文由此从性别的角度来探讨印度初等教育近年来的发展成果和存在的问题,以及为解决这一问题印度政府所采取的政策和措施,并从中为我国初等教育的普及提供一些借鉴.  相似文献   

论中国古代生态伦理思想     

杨国平 《和田师范专科学校学报》2009,28(6):221-222

环境污染和生态危机是人类面临的最大问题。西方传统中把人与自然对立起来的人类中心主义观念是造成这种危机的思想根源。中国传统文化儒、道、佛三家思想中蕴含了丰富的生态伦理思想,无疑可以为建立人与自然和谐发展的自然观提供有价值的借鉴意义。“天人合一”的整体论思想是儒道拂三家的共同追求目标,尊重自然、敬重生命、众生平等是三者的基本价值理念。  相似文献   

关于热力学第二定律的定量讲述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马晓栋 《乌鲁木齐成人教育学院学报》1999,(1)

由现有的热学教材中的热力学第二定律的定量讲述方法中,均有思路不够清晰,同时也未说明为什么按此方法和步骤就可得出热力学第二定律的普遍表达,造成了学生的理解和系统掌握上的困难。作者在此提出了一种热力学第二定律定量讲述的改进方法。  相似文献