生态环境的恶化与西罗马帝国的衰亡     

李长林  杜平 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2004,33(1):91-95

关于西罗马帝国衰亡原因的研究,长期以来国内史学界受苏联学的影响,持社会革命说。实际上,西罗马帝国的灭亡是多种因素促成的,其中生态环境的恶化(地力衰竭、水土流失)是重要因素之一。对此,国内史学界在以往的研究中有所忽视。  相似文献   

明与奥斯曼土耳其帝国     

马明达  马一 《五邑大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,12(1):70-74

奥斯曼土耳其帝国是突厥族因受蒙古西征影响西迁至小亚细亚后于1300年建立的公国。明代称该国为鲁迷,与其一直保持着友好关系。双方在政治往来、经济交流、技术传播等方面有着频繁、密切的联系,二者共同谱写了中土关系史上的一段佳话。  相似文献   

从《巴布尔回忆录》看帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度     

杨志林 《河西学院学报》2010,26(4):21-24

中亚帖木儿帝国(1370-1507)是中亚历史上的重要游牧帝国之一。现以《巴布尔回忆录》一书为基础,分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻状况及其所带来的影响,从一个方面探讨帖木儿朝家族兴衰史,进而分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度与它的家族和王朝的兴衰之间的关系。  相似文献   

君士坦丁对基督教发展的贡献     

袁波 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2009,32(3):120-124

君士坦丁作为历史上第一位信奉基督教的君主,其宗教政策为基督教的发展带来了历史性的转折,其皈依促进了罗马帝国的基督教化.君士坦丁颁布<米兰敕令>使基督教合法化;召开尼西亚会议统一教会思想;使神职人员成为特权阶层;积极干涉基督教会的内部事务.这些措施都为基督教的发展开启了一个新时代,也对中世纪西欧政教关系的格局产生了深远影响.  相似文献   

希瓦汗国与俄罗斯帝国的关系     

蓝琪 《贵阳师范高等专科学校学报》2011,(3):87-92

16世纪初,希瓦汗国建立后很快与俄罗斯帝国产生了关系。从16—17世纪,两国的政治经济交往不断加强,这种关系基本上是平等的。从18-19世纪,除了贸易之外,俄国逐步使希瓦汗国在政治上巨属于它,对希瓦汗国发动侵略。19世纪下半叶,希瓦汗国最终成为俄国的附属国。  相似文献   

German Empire historical scientific displays and the formation of the history of science discipline     

《Endeavour》2020,44(4):100733

The history of science as a discipline took place in the period of the German Empire, but the historiography of its development insufficiently recognizes both its proto-institutionalization during this period and the critical role played by Germans in effecting its initial development. In this article, while alluding to the several areas in which Germans took the lead in establishing the discipline, the focus is on one representative area: the mounting of temporary and permanent exhibitions relating to the history of science during the Empire period. Reasons why Germans were motivators in these efforts include the importance of past and present excellence in science, eminence in and fascination with historical research to the new nation’s construction after German unification in 1871, and of the assertion of the nineteenth century German bourgeoisie in its role in advancing the culture of the nation. The larger argument, that subjects of the German Empire achieved critical institution-building in history of science, is supported by the incidence of displays organized by Germans, and buttressed by the fact that a number of these organizers also participated in the field’s enlarged late nineteenth and early twentieth century scholarship that was most marked among Germans of any national group.  相似文献   

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies     

Milan Grba 《Slavic & East European Information Resources》2017,18(3-4):152-164

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.  相似文献   

罗马帝国的军队与君主制的确立     

袁波 《辽宁师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2011,34(3):107-111

元首制的确立为罗马帝国带来两个世纪的和平与发展的黄金时代,但随着元首制缺陷的逐渐显露,军队随意废立元首,军事政变不断发生,军队成为国家真正的统治者和主宰者。戴克里先对政治体制进行新探索,为了加强君权,防止军队犯上作乱,确立了君主制,这标志着罗马帝国从元首制时期过渡到了君主制时期,成为晚期罗马帝国的开端。  相似文献   

18世纪以来土耳其政治发展道路的特点及对中国的启示     

杜晶晶 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2013,(4):8-11

土耳其作为中东地区经济社会发展水平较高的国家,自18世纪以来在发展道路上具有许多鲜明的特色,它为那些仍在政治动荡中挣扎、在现代化道路上蹒跚前行的中东国家提供了一种可供借鉴的模式。土耳其与中国有着相似的经历,土耳其的现代化转型同样对处于转型期面临诸多挑战的中国有一定的启示作用。采用文献研究法和历史分析法进行研究,本文首先介绍18世纪以来土耳其的国家发展历程,然后总结归纳土耳其国家发展道路的特点,最后分析土耳其国家发展道路对我国的启示。  相似文献   

罗马帝国晚期隶农地位初探     

李英 《湖南第一师范学报》2006,6(4):92-94

一方面由于大庄园的发展,许多自耕农失去了土地,不得不租种别人的土地维持生活;另一方面则是奴隶制经济的危机,奴隶主为了缓解劳动力不足的问题和提高劳动生产率而越来越多地把土地租给了失地的隶农。于是,隶农在农业生产中也逐渐取代奴隶发挥了更为重要的作用。尽管隶农在社会生产中的地位更加重要了,但他们的物质经济条件却在恶化,他们的人身法律地位也下降了。  相似文献