项目教学视域下的旅游英语教学创新思考     

陈洁琳 《科教文汇》2014,(10):111-111,114

随着我国国际化水平的深化与国际之间交流频率增加,对于外语的需求越来越大。目前我国旅游英语课程也快速发展起来,我国由于旅游行业的需求和旅游管理专业学生的岗位要求,基础教育导向,对旅游英语课程引入了项目化的教学改革,从而完善了教育思维理念更新、教育方法改进,侧重培养学生灵活的旅游英语学习及应用思考能力,营造趣味性强的旅游英语课堂,创新旅游英语学习方法,更全面地提高我国旅游英语的学习水平。  相似文献   

Reconciling Political and Economic Goals in the Net Neutrality Debate     

Johannes M. Bauer  Jonathan A. Obar 《The Information Society》2014,30(1):1-19

The net neutrality debate is one of several sites of struggles to adapt and redefine rights and obligations of stakeholders in the Internet-centric communications system. Its outcomes will shape the future of the Internet and influence the level and distribution of its benefits. We identify key values that drive the net neutrality discussion and examine the governance mechanisms proposed to achieve these objectives. We find that there is no single policy instrument that allows realization of the range of valued political and economic objectives simultaneously. Contrary to some of the claims advanced in the current debate, safeguarding multiple goals requires a combination of instruments that will likely involve government and nongovernment measures. Furthermore, promoting goals such as the freedom of speech, political participation, investment, and innovation calls for complementary policies.  相似文献   

In search of systemic innovation for sustainable development: A design praxis emerging from a decade of social learning inquiry     

John Colvin  Chris Blackmore  Sam Chimbuya  Kevin Collins  Mark Dent  John Goss  Ray Ison  Pier Paolo Roggero  Giovanna Seddaiu 《Research Policy》2014

Processes of designing for systemic innovation for sustainable development (SD) through the lens of three long-term case studies are reported. All case studies, which originated from the SLIM (Social Learning for the Integrated Management and Sustainable Use of Water at Catchment Scale) Project, funded within the EU Fifth Framework Program (2001–2004), constitute inquiry pathways that are explored using a critical incident approach. The initial starting conditions for each inquiry pathway are compared; significant pathway dependencies are identified which foster the development of social learning processes locally, but constrain their uptake and embedding across the wider system of interest. In the first case study, in England & Wales, promising developments in the application of social learning approaches to river basin planning over an initial 3-year period were subsequently marginalised, only to resurface towards the end of the 10-year period of study. In the second, South African case study, significant spaces for social learning and innovation in integrated water resources management were opened up over a five year period but closed down again, primarily as the result of lack of policy support by national government. The third, Italian, case study was designed to assess options for adapting to climate change by opening up new learning spaces between researchers, stakeholders and policy makers. A case for investing in local level systemic innovation through social-learning praxis design approaches and in learning processes around well contextualised case-studies is supported. However, concomitant investment by policy makers in social learning as an alternative, but complementary, governance mechanism for systemic innovation for SD is needed.  相似文献   

Team learning in IT implementation projects: Antecedents and consequences     

Ali E. Akgün  Gary S. Lynn  Halit Keskin  Derya Dogan 《International Journal of Information Management》2014

This study investigates the antecedents and consequences of team learning, which is composed of information acquisition, dissemination, and implementation, in information technology (IT) implementation projects. By investigating 129 IT implementation project teams, we found that (1) information acquisition and information dissemination have a positive impact on project outcomes, such as speed-to-users, lower implementation cost, and operational effectiveness, and (2) team behavior and enabler variables, such as teamwork, team communication, interpersonal trust between team members, team commitment, and senior manager support, positively influence team learning. We also found that team anxiety moderates the relationship between team learning and project outcomes.  相似文献   

The application of workflow management to digital heritage resources     

Abdullah Al-Barakati  Martin White  Zeeshan Patoli 《International Journal of Information Management》2014

Recent years have witnessed a noticeable proliferation in Digital Library Systems (DLSs) and their specialized form represented in Digital Heritage Resources (DHRs). DHRs usually manage a complex and varied mix of digital heritage objects of different types and formats. They tend to be complex in nature and usually involve complex, simultaneous and intersecting workflows. As a result, DHRs impose implementation challenges on any solutions that aim to manage their workflows. Thus, despite the proliferation of DHRs, it is a noteworthy trend that there is a general lack of workflow management solutions that can be utilized in such systems. As a research area that is rarely covered, this paper therefore presents the design and development of a novel Workflow Management System (WfMS) built to integrate with DHRs specifically, and DLSs in general. In this context, an experimental WfMS aimed to test the validity of workflow management integration with DHRs. The devised WfMS was built as a workflow management solution that can adequately address the specific hurdles imposed by DHR implementations. Additionally, a novel DHR implementation framework called DISPLAYS (Digital Library Services for Playing with Antiquity and Shared Heritage) is presented as a test bed for the proposed WfMS.  相似文献   

众包竞赛模式下企业R&D创新水平策略博弈分析     

郝琳娜  侯文华  刘猛 《科研管理》2014,35(4):111-120

企业RD创新需要有效利用内外部创新资源,基于众包竞赛模式的企业RD创新能够充分挖掘和激发大众的创新智慧,助力企业RD创新,已受到企业界的广泛重视。考虑RD创新模式溢出效应的不同情况下,针对企业创新模式及其投入策略选择,以及众包竞赛模式下企业间完全竞争和合作时的决策问题,建立了相应的博弈模型,分析了企业的决策对RD创新水平的影响。研究表明:较仅依靠内部资源的RD创新(A策略)收益,企业通过设置合理的奖金并结合内部创新和众包竞赛模式(B策略)是占优策略;B策略下,企业间处于完全竞争或合作的状态时,溢出效应的不同对众包竞赛模式创新能力的贡献度造成了影响;此外,企业收益、RD创新水平、消费者剩余及社会福利均与众包竞赛模式的贡献度正相关。最后以宝洁公司采用B策略对RD进行创新的案例验证了相关结论。  相似文献   

Open to suggestions: How organizations elicit suggestions through proactive and reactive attention     

Linus Dahlander  Henning Piezunka 《Research Policy》2014

This paper analyzes organizations’ attempts to entice external contributors to submit suggestions for future organizational action. While earlier work has elaborated on the advantages of leveraging the knowledge of external contributors, our findings show that organizational attempts to attract such involvement are likely to wither and die. We develop arguments about what increases the likelihood of getting suggestions from externals in the future, namely through (1) proactive attention (submitting internally developed suggestions to externals to stimulate debate) and (2) reactive attention (paying attention to suggestions from externals to signal they are being listened to), particularly when those suggestions are submitted by newcomers. Findings from an analysis of about 24,000 initiatives by organizations to involve external contributors suggest these actions are crucial for receiving suggestions from external contributors. Our results are contingent upon the stage of the initiative because organizations’ actions exert more influence in initiatives that lack a history of prior suggestions. Our work has implications for scholars of open innovation because it highlights the importance of considering failures as well successes: focusing exclusively on initiatives that reach a certain stage can lead to partial or erroneous conclusions about why some organizations engage external contributors while others fail.  相似文献   

Managing research and innovation networks: Evidence from a government sponsored cross-industry program     

Per Levén  Jonny Holmström  Lars Mathiassen 《Research Policy》2014

Important innovations are increasingly produced based on research engagement and fertilization across industries. However, we know little about the challenges associated with managing innovation networks in specific contexts that involves researchers in cross-industry collaboration. Against this backdrop, we draw on theory on design and orchestration of innovation networks to analyze a large-scale government sponsored program, “ProcessIT Innovations” that was designed to increase competitiveness and accelerate economic growth in Northern Sweden. The program was initiated and led by firms from the traditionally strong local process industry and engaged local researchers and firms from the emerging IT industry. Based on our analyses, we offer two contributions. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the challenges related to configuration of the network, orchestration of partnerships between participants, and facilitation of innovation in dedicated development projects. Second, we propose a model of managing research and innovation networks through fertilization across industries and between firms and research institutions.  相似文献   

Co-ownership of intellectual property: Exploring the value-appropriation and value-creation implications of co-patenting with different partners     

René Belderbos  Bruno Cassiman  Dries Faems  Bart Leten  Bart Van Looy 《Research Policy》2014

Combining both interview data and empirical analyses at the patent and firm levels, we explore the value-appropriation and value-creation implications of R&D collaboration resulting in the co-ownership of intellectual property (i.e. co-patents). We make an explicit distinction between three different types of co-patenting partners: intra-industry partners, inter-industry partners, and universities. Our findings indicate that the value-appropriation challenges of IP sharing are clearly evident with intra-industry co-patenting, where partners are more likely to encounter overlapping exploitation domains. Co-patenting with universities is associated with higher market value, since appropriation challenges are unlikely to play a role and collaboration may signal novel technological opportunities. Although we find some evidence that co-patenting corresponds to higher (patent) value, patents co-owned with firms are significantly less likely to receive self-citations, indicating constraints on the future exploitation and development of co-owned technologies.  相似文献   

Knowledge flows and bases in emerging economy innovation systems: Brazilian research 2005–2009     

Branco Ponomariov  Hannes Toivanen 《Research Policy》2014

This article considers the role of domestic knowledge capabilities for developing countries and emerging economies, and in particular in the build-up of their national systems of innovation. Using bibliometric methods, we describe the geographic sources of knowledge and the users of Brazilian research in 2005–2009, and analyze the roles of domestic and foreign knowledge bases in it. Our results suggest that increasing reliance on domestic sources of knowledge is a feature of Brazil's improved science and technology capabilities. The ascendancy of Brazil's research informs us about the unfolding re-organization of global research, too, underlining nascent South-South knowledge flows, the prevailing relevance of EU research, and the relative decline of US research for Brazilian knowledge creation.  相似文献