课堂教学情境下学科高阶思维的结构与发展规律——以语文学科为例     

孙宏志  解月光  姜玉莲  钟绍春 《电化教育研究》2020,(6):91-97,104

高阶思维发展“沉浸”在不同学科课堂教学情境中,呈现出具有学科思维特点和学科活动特征的内在结构与发展规律。文章以语文学科为例,基于思维结构、高阶思维结构等基本理论,结合对学科思维的深入剖析,建立了认知要素与情感要素协同作用、思维过程与思维品质动态发展的学科高阶思维结构模型;进而以模型为理论框架对学科课堂教学视频进行质性分析,挖掘课堂情境中高阶思维活动发生与发展的表现与特征,构建了以复杂问题解决过程为主线、体现思维活动阶段性特征、高阶思维内在要素协同发挥作用、高阶思维外在品质不同程度提升的学科高阶思维发展规律模型。以期为探析学科高阶思维结构与发展规律提供一种思路与方法,为高阶思维发展取向的学科课堂教学设计与实施提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Exploring staff perceptions of student plagiarism     

《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(2):145-156

This paper presents analysis of qualitative data from a research project looking at staff perceptions of plagiarism at a post‐1992 university. Twenty‐six members of staff from departments and academic schools from across the university took part in open and semi‐structured interviews. Analysis shows that variable definitions of plagiarism exist; both regarding student activities that constitute plagiarism and the way in which plagiarism is perceived to be related to cheating. The factors underlying these personal definitions are unclear, but the analysis suggests that values perceived to underpin higher education may play an important role. This paper provides new empirical data on staff perceptions of student plagiarism, which complement previous research on student perceptions. The potential implications of different perceptions of plagiarism, and a mismatch between staff and student understandings is highlighted as an area for further consideration.  相似文献   

Assessing impact and quality from local dynamics of citation networks     

Camille Roth  Jiang Wu  Sergi Lozano 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(1):111-120

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Occupational Stereotypes,Perceived Status Differences,and Intercultural Communication in Global Organizations     

《Communication monographs》2012,79(4):478-502

This paper offers a novel perspective on why individuals in global organizations make culturally based attributions of their colleagues that impede effective working relations. Drawing on observational and interview data from an ethnographic study of product development work at a global automaker's engineering centers in Mexico, the United States, and India, we show the important role that occupational stereotypes and perceived status differentials play in global workplace interaction. The findings demonstrate that individuals who consider themselves to be “low-status” attempt to increase their status by leading high-status individuals to believe that they work in ways that reflect dominant occupational stereotypes. However, because these stereotypes are often inaccurate, members of the high-status culture assume that the stereotype-imitating behaviors of low-status individuals represent deficiencies in how they work. These findings have important implications for intercultural interaction in the global workplace and for theories of communication in multinational organizations.  相似文献   

教育评估中的定性与定量研究     

赵福君 《思茅师范高等专科学校学报》2012,28(1):92-96

定量研究与定性研究是教育评估中运用的主要方法,通过对这两种研究方法进行比较,理清这两种研究方法的区别与联系,以便能更深刻地了解这两种研究方法,准确地把握其各自的优势及局限性,教育评估的特点和功能决定了在评估中只有将两者合理地结合使用,才能使教育评估达到预期的目的。  相似文献   

探析心理学整合的一种可能路径: 基于“质”与“量”对峙的思考     

汪国瑞  方双虎 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2014,(2):136-139

心理学研究方法中“质”与“量”的分歧由来已久。纵观现代西方心理学的百年发展史,各学派之间的对峙表现在研究方法上正是“质”与“量”对峙的结果。在心理学研究中,使用“质”与“量”的研究方法对人复杂的心理活动规律进行探究各有优势和缺陷。我们认为在心理学的研究中,应该采用多元方法将质和量的方法进行融合,使之可以优势互补,从而更加有效地揭示人的心理活动规律。同时,我们认为这也是未来心理学整合的一种可能路径。  相似文献   

Speaking into Silences: Autoethnography,Communication, and Applied Research     

Lisa M. Tillmann 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1):94-97

Editor's Note: Given the rare use of autoethnography in the field of communication, I invited Dr. Tillmann to discuss autoethnography as a valuable tool in applied communication research. This discussion serves as a prelude to her essay “Body and Bulimia Revisited: Reflections on ‘A Secret Life.’”

In 2004, two articles in the Journal of Applied Communication Research (Ashcraft & Tretheway, 2004; Goodall, 2004) celebrated the merits of auto- and narrative ethnography, methods of research grounded in lived experience and evocative modes of representation that seek to engage readers emotionally, aesthetically, ethically, and politically. Despite these and other persuasive calls for auto- and narrative ethnographic works, few have been published in communication journals. More than four years ago, JACR offered readers arguments for this kind of scholarship, yet no full-length autoethnography appeared in its pages—until now. This essay, a prelude to its companion, “Body and Bulimia Revisited,” speaks into that silence.  相似文献   

Beyond Epistemological Deficits: Dynamic explanations of engineering students’ difficulties with mathematical sense-making     

Ayush Gupta  Andrew Elby 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2463-2488

Researchers have argued against deficit-based explanations of students’ difficulties with mathematical sense-making, pointing instead to factors such as epistemology. Students’ beliefs about knowledge and learning can hinder the activation and integration of productive knowledge they have. Such explanations, however, risk falling into a ‘deficit trap’—substituting a concepts/skills deficit with an epistemological one. Our interview-based case study of a freshman engineering major, ‘Jim,’ explains his difficulty solving a physics problem (on hydrostatic pressure) in terms of his epistemology, but avoids a deficit trap by modeling the dynamics of his epistemological stabilities and shifts in terms of fine-grained cognitive elements that include the seeds of epistemological expertise. Specifically, during a problem-solving episode in the interview, Jim reaches and sticks with an incorrect answer that violates common sense. We show that Jim has all the mathematical skills and physics knowledge he would need to resolve the contradiction. We argue that his difficulty doing so stems in part from his epistemological views that (i) physics equations are much more trustworthy than everyday reasoning, and (ii) physics equations do not express meaning that tractably connects to common sense. For these reasons, he does not view reconciling between common sense and formalism as either necessary or plausible to accomplish. But Jim’s in-the-moment shift to a more sophisticated epistemological stance highlights the seeds of epistemological expertise that were present all along: he does see common sense as connected to formalism (though not always tractably so), and in some circumstances, this connection is both salient and valued.  相似文献   

A Mixed Methods Content Analysis of the Research Literature in Science Education     

Asta B Schram 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(15):2619-2638

In recent years, more and more researchers in science education have been turning to the practice of combining qualitative and quantitative methods in the same study. This approach of using mixed methods creates possibilities to study the various issues that science educators encounter in more depth. In this content analysis, I evaluated 18 studies from science education journals as they relate to the definition, design, and overall practice of using mixed methods. I scrutinized a purposeful sample, derived from 3 journals (the International Journal of Science Education, the Journal of Research in Science Teaching, and the Research in Science Education) in terms of the type of data collected, timing, priority, design, the mixing of the 2 data strands in the studies, and the justifications authors provide for using mixed methods. Furthermore, the articles were evaluated in terms of how well they met contemporary definitions for mixed methods research. The studies varied considerably in the use and understanding of mixed methods. A systematic evaluation of the employment of mixed methods methodology was used to identify the studies that best reflected contemporary definitions. A comparison to earlier content analyses of mixed methods research indicates that researchers' knowledge of mixed methods methodology may be increasing. The use of this strategy in science education research calls, however, for an improved methodology, especially concerning the practice of mixing. Suggestions are given on how to best use this approach.  相似文献   

A Cross-cultural Exploration of Children's Everyday Ideas: Implications for science teaching and learning     

Bryan Wee 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(4):609-627

Children's everyday ideas form critical foundations for science learning yet little research has been conducted to understand and legitimize these ideas, particularly from an international perspective. This paper explores children's everyday ideas about the environment across the US, Singapore and China to understand what they reveal about children's relationship to the environment and discuss its implications for science teaching and learning. A social constructivist lens guides research, and a visual methodology is used to frame children's realities. Participants' ages range from elementary to middle school, and a total of 210 children comprized mainly of Asians and Asian Americans were sampled from urban settings. Drawings are used to elicit children's everyday ideas and analyzed inductively using open coding and categorizing of data. Several categories support existing literature about how children view the environment; however, novel categories such as affect also emerged and lend new insight into the role that language, socio-cultural norms and perhaps ethnicity play in shaping children's everyday ideas. The findings imply the need for (a) a change in the role of science teachers from knowledge providers to social developers, (b) a science curriculum that is specific to learners' experiences in different socio-cultural settings, and (c) a shift away from inter-country comparisons using international science test scores.  相似文献