What makes a skilled writer? Working memory and audience awareness during text composition     

Denis Alamargot  Gilles Caporossi  David Chesnet  Christine Ros 《Learning and individual differences》2011,21(5):505-516

This study investigated the role of working memory capacity as a factor for individual differences in the ability to compose a text with communicative efficiency based on audience awareness. We analyzed its differential effects on the dynamics of the writing processes, as well as on the content of the finished product. Twenty-five graduate students composed a procedural text explaining how to assemble a model turbine. They were free to consult a documentary source, featuring captioned pictures of turbine parts and assembly steps, at any time. Graphomotor and eye movements were recorded using ‘Eye and Pen’ software with an eye-tracker and digitizing tablet. Results showed that high WM capacity writers used a different strategy to explore the visual source, making longer writing pauses and producing more detailed procedures, and achieved the communicative goal more efficiently, by introducing more reader supports. In conclusion, we discuss the feasibility of audience awareness training.  相似文献   

An investigation of Taiwan University students' perceptions of online academic help seeking, and their web-based learning self-efficacy     

Kun-Hung Cheng  Chin-Chung Tsai 《The Internet and Higher Education》2011,14(3):150-157

This study was conducted to investigate Taiwan University students' perceptions (including experience, confidence and preference) of online academic help seeking (OAHS) and students' level of web-based learning self-efficacy (WLSE). Two instruments, OAHS questionnaire, consisting of information searching, formal and informal query scales, and WLSE questionnaire, including general and functional scales, were then validated through collecting the responses from 300 university students. Results indicate reciprocal relations between experience, confidence and preference in students' online academic help seeking behaviors. Students' academic help seeking behaviors were related to their general self-efficacy in a web-based course setting. Students' functional WLSE was related to their perceptions of information searching for OAHS. Findings of this study also imply that students' experience of seeking help from informal online channels is prominent when they participate in a web-based course.  相似文献   

The effects of electronic portfolio tools on online students' perceived support and cognitive load   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Craig E. Shepherd  Doris U. Bolliger 《The Internet and Higher Education》2011,14(3):142-149

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Socioeconomic Status– and Gender‐Based Differences in Students’ Perceptions of E‐Learning Systems     

Leslie Jordan Albert  Camille S. Johnson 《Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education》2011,9(3):421-436

Many universities are pursuing increases in on‐line course offerings as a means of offsetting the rising costs of providing high‐quality educational opportunities and of better serving their student populations. However, enrollments in online courses are not always sufficient to cover their costs. One possible way of improving enrollments is through marketing campaigns targeted to specific demographic groups. In this study, we take a first look into how students’ perceptions of e‐learning systems, prior to their enrollment in an online course, vary across socioeconomic status and gender. Findings suggest that prior to taking an online course, working‐class students perceive e‐learning systems more positively than their middle‐class peers but that little difference exists between genders. Armed with this knowledge, universities may improve online course enrollments by marketing online courses specifically to working‐class students or through campaigns aimed at improving middle‐class students’ perceptions of e‐learning systems.  相似文献   

数据移动技术的选择与实现     

卜鸥 《乐山师范学院学报》2003,18(4):111-113

数据移动技术是分布式数据库中非常重要的技术之一。本归纳总结了分布式数据库中的数据移动技术，从本质上将现有的数据移动技术分为在线、同步、复制三类技术。在线技术系统可以达到绝对的一致性，但该技术对网络要求很高，且在节点较少时才比较有效。同步技术可以支持大量节点，异构和级联环境，要求有效的网络连接，存在一定的一致性延时。复制技术比较灵活，支持大量节点，异构和级联环境；可以在较好的网络环境，也可以在无直接或网络环境恶劣的情况下使用；存在一定的一致性延时，也可达到准实时的一致性。这三类数据移动技术的应用和选择，主要取决于业务需求和可用的技术架构以及系统对一致性和延时的要求。  相似文献   

Using stakeholder feedback to improve online professional development opportunities     

Rhonda N. T. Nese  Paul Meng  Sarah Breiner  Erin Chaparro  Robert Algozzine 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2020,52(2):148-162

Abstract

Traditional professional development is often characterized as being expensive, time consuming, and lacking impact. In contrast, online professional development provides greater flexibility and is becoming increasingly popular for school personnel. In this article, we report the process and outcomes of gathering feedback to adapt traditional in-person to online training differentiated for the participants to maximize utility, efficiency, and effectiveness in meeting the needs of key stakeholders. Focus groups were conducted with teachers, administrators, and other specialists to gather feedback on content as well as how online learning modules (OLMs) could be tailored to meet specific school site and team needs. We discuss our findings in the context of continuing efforts to improve general and specific professional development opportunities.  相似文献   

Enhancing the facilitation of online groups in higher education: a review of the literature on face-to-face and online group-facilitation     

Glyn Thomas  Stephen Thorpe 《Interactive Learning Environments》2019,27(1):62-71

There still appears to be a gap between what online learning promises and what it can deliver in terms of student learning. Developments in online pedagogies and professional learning appear to lag behind the developments in technology and the promised benefits of technological transformation may not be realised. In this paper, we bring together perspectives that highlight vital aspects of online group-learning by reviewing the group-facilitation literature and the latest online learning literature to interrogate the pedagogical theories and practices currently used in online group-learning in higher education. We specifically focus on the interpersonal interactions between teachers and students, which are described in the online learning literature using the terms instructor immediacy, teaching presence, and social presence. We note differences in the literature regarding how teacher presence is interpreted and enacted and we expound the importance of the personal characteristics of the online teacher. Finally, we provide some signposts that might help course designers and teachers to improve online group learning: the intentional use of effective online learning pedagogies; a deeper understanding of what constitutes teacher presence; and strategies to enact that teacher presence with online groups. Recommendations for further research in online group facilitation are provided.  相似文献   

超大规模互联网教育组织的核心要素研究——在线教育有效支撑“停课不停学”案例分析     

黄荣怀  张慕华  沈阳  田阳  曾海军 《电化教育研究》2020,(3):10-19

我国有各级各类学校51.88万所、专任教师1672.85万人、在校生2.76亿人,教育系统在疫情防控期间面向全国亿万学生开展大规模在线教育是历史上从未有过的创举,在全球也属首次。我们可能正在经历一个全球最大的信息化基础设施升级改造工程和一个师生信息素养提升培训工程,一次全球最大的信息化教学社会实验和一次开放教育资源运动。面对新型冠状病毒疫情防控期间各级各类学校在线教学开展中遇到的各种难题,基于网络研讨会的专家观点和校长、教师和局长对一线在线教育实施情况、困难、经验和建议的分析,本文从超大规模互联网教育组织的视角出发,围绕流畅的通信平台、适切的数字资源、便利的学习工具、多样的学习方式、灵活的教学组织、有效的支持服务、密切的政企校协同七个要素,论述了在线教育如何有效支撑“停课不停学”,以期为政府及各级各类学校制定相关政策方针提供理论依据,为一线教师和学生开展在线教学提供操作指南,为相关企业、家庭、社会等多方参与和支持在线教学提供思路和方法。  相似文献   

Developing a communal identity as beginning teachers of mathematics: Emergence of an online community of practice   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Merrilyn E. Goos  Anne Bennison 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2008,11(1):41-60

The aim of this study is to investigate how a community of practice focused on becoming a teacher of secondary school mathematics emerged during a pre-service teacher education programme and was sustained after students graduated and began their first year of full-time teaching in schools. Bulletin board discussions of one pre-service cohort are analysed in terms of Wenger’s (1998) three defining features of a community of practice: mutual engagement of participants, negotiation of a joint enterprise, and development of a shared repertoire for creating meaning. Emergence of the online community was associated with our own role in facilitating professional dialogue, the voluntary and unstructured nature of participation, initial face-to-face interaction that created familiarity and trust, and the convenience of using email rather than logging on to a website. The study shows that the emergent design of the community contributed to its sustainability in allowing the pre-service and beginning teachers to define their own professional goals and values.

Merrilyn E. GoosEmail:

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Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gayle E. Mullen  Mary K. Tallent-Runnels   《The Internet and Higher Education》2006,9(4):257-266

In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes.  相似文献