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61.
This paper proposes a gain-scheduling approach for systems with a quadratic structure. Both the stability analysis and the state-feedback controller design problems are considered for quadratic parameter varying (QPV) systems. The developed approach assesses/enforces the belonging of a polytopic region of the state space to the region of attraction of the origin, and relies on a linear matrix inequality (LMI) feasibility problem. The main characteristics of the proposed approach are illustrated by means of examples, which confirm the validity of the theoretical results.  相似文献   
62.
This article aims to question the widely accepted idea that female university students in Spain have, in the past, tended to opt for degrees in the field of humanities. Based on an analysis of the official statistics that are currently available, the paper demonstrates that Spanish female university students showed a clear preference for scientific studies, first medicine and later pharmacy. This pattern was not affected by Franco’s regime and remained stable until the great transformation of Spanish universities during the 1960s. Finally, the paper argues that the basic reasons for this preference for the scientific field were equal access to the prestigious male baccalaureate curriculum, which was a characteristic of the Spanish model for incorporating women into secondary education, and the uneven prestige of the professions to which the degrees provided access. The conclusion drawn is that, historically, pharmacy was the most common professional career pursued by female university graduates in Spain.  相似文献   
63.
The need for this study lies in the assumption that an in-depth examination of the map site of a firm that has a well-developed website can provide patterns about its corporate strategy through all the elements surrounding the organisation, and even a primary source for benchmarking. This technique has made it possible to identify the key issues in the strategic management of the most excellent large Spanish firms and also to describe trends in this sense. The methodology used consisted in a content analysis of the web pages of the Ibex35 companies of the Spanish Stock Market. Rather than focusing on the breakdown of businesses developed by each corporation, it was thought more appropriate to assess their respective corporate principles, as this would allow a better identification of the underlying managerial, organisational and strategic realities of these organisations. As a conclusion we can say that thanks to this technique, it has been possible to identify the key issues in the strategic management of the most excellent large Spanish firms. Additionally, it is shown how this way of working can be generalised to any group of enterprises.  相似文献   
64.
This research focuses on the origins of football in Spain and seeks to show how and where it was introduced in the country, to comprehend the historical context, and to understand why it took roots so rapidly despite the rivalry with the well-established tradition of bullfighting. The period of study spans from 1868 (first news piece on football in Spain) to 1903 (celebration of the first football championship in the country). The methodology focused primarily on identifying the primary sources and selecting the secondary sources, followed by the interpretative analysis and the mapping of football associations created in Spain in the sport’s early days. The large urban cities led the process of creating football clubs from 1889: Barcelona (61), Madrid (15), and Bilbao (9) steered the process of legitimization and institutionalization of football in the country. In the last 11 years of the nineteenth century (1889–1899), 29 clubs were created in 12 different cities. In the first four years of the twentieth century (1900–1903), a further 103 clubs mushroomed all over the country. Thus a total of 132 clubs were founded between 1889 and 1903 in Spain, which laid the necessary foundations for the implantation and legitimization of football.  相似文献   
65.
Abstract

This article analyses the child psychiatry and psychology developed during the Spanish Civil War and immediate postwar period. The aim is to demonstrate that, despite the existence of a certain degree of disciplinary continuity in relation to the pre-war period, both disciplines were placed at the service of Francoism. This meant that the association of psychology and psychiatry with pedagogy in order to educate/cure children played a key role in legitimising the child intervention policies of Franco’s regime, and this strategy was best reflected in Vallejo Nágera’s proposal regarding “biological pedagogy”. Finally, it analyses how psychiatry and psychology were used outside the school context to re-educate and control an infant population trapped between two worlds as the result of the Civil War.  相似文献   
66.
西班牙的医学教育可分成三个不同的阶段,即本科生医学教育、毕业后医学教育和继续医学教育.本文介绍这三个阶段的现状、各阶段的优势和弱点、各阶段面临的挑战,以及如何看待国际社会对改革的支持.  相似文献   
67.
本文以第29届奥运会中国和西班牙比赛实况录像为研究对象,运用观察法、比较分析法,分析了中、西男篮比赛,发现中国男篮在远投、抢断指标好于对手,但在中近距离投篮、篮板和体能等与西班牙男篮存在明显差距,这是中国男篮失利的根本原因。建议中国男篮应加强投篮技战术训练,提高投篮质量,同时加强篮板拼抢和体能训练。  相似文献   
68.
In his important book on society in Islamic Spain, Al-Ándalus, Pierre Guichard theorises that until the late fourth/tenth century Arabs and Berbers followed what he calls an Eastern family pattern, meaning that they married within the extended family, disinherited women, and calculated kinship through the male line. The subject population, whether they converted to Islam or not, maintained a Western pattern of marrying out, allowing women to inherit, and recognising kinship through the male and female lines. Recently published collections of rulings from Islamic courts, however, complicate the picture Guichard presents. They suggest that Islamic law, which neither favours nor discourages close kin marriage, allows women to inherit property, and recognizes bilateral kinship, was influential well before the late tenth century. Its influence challenged the Eastern kinship model Guichard documents, particularly in the area of women's property rights.  相似文献   
69.
ABSTRACT

This paper offers a review of history of education statistics in Spain, starting in the mid-nineteenth century, describing their traditional means of operation based on censuses, flat tables, and macro-statistical data, which usually display a purely quantitative analysis. Only in recent decades have statistical analyses appeared, supported by modern office tools and parametric data processing, which facilitate qualitative research. Among other types of graphics used, for our purposes those based on serial mapping are especially revealing and useful, as they show the diachronic evolution of the variables analysed. Supported by this methodology, the present study statistically analyses the official data on state primary education in Extremadura in the second half of the nineteenth century, in order to demonstrate how significant the increase in financial investment in the late nineteenth century was and its direct impact on expanding the coverage of the educational network at a regional level. That meant the disappearance of inequalities in all educational standards (school equipment, number of appointments, salaries, gender, etc.) and, therefore, a reduction in illiteracy rates.  相似文献   
70.
The present article examines the situation of girls in Spanish academic secondary education during the first Francoism. It outlines the measures introduced by the Franco Regime that maintained the traditional access for girls to the same academic curriculum followed by boys, although in separate schools. Later, it examines the various projects put forward specifically for female secondary schooling that sought to remove girls from the academic pathway and the reasons for their failure. Finally, the article studies the paradox posed by the fact that, despite official statements against academic education for women, the number of girls in academic secondary education and universities did not stop growing during the first Francoism. For the explanation of this paradox, it seeks to address the unwanted effects of Francoist education policy, especially the effects of social elitism and single-sex education on the presence of girls.  相似文献   
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