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101.
Previous studies of system innovations mainly focused on historical cases that were driven by commercial motivations of pioneers and entrepreneurs. This article investigates a system innovation in the making that is driven by normative concerns, such as sustainability or animal welfare, initially formulated by outsiders like special-interest groups. Our central research question is: How, when and why is normative contestation of existing regimes effective in influencing the orientation of transitions in the making?The conceptual framework enriches innovation studies and the multi-level perspective with insights from social movement theory (SMT) and political science. SMT is used to analyze the build up of normative pressure (through framing, resource mobilization, and political opportunity structures). From political science we use the notion of multiple streams, in our analysis a problem, regulatory, market and technology stream.The research design consists of a comparative case study of pig husbandry systems. One case analyses the sub-sector of pregnant sows where normative pressures, after several decades, led to the changes advocated by the contestants. The second case concerns the sub-sector of pig fattening where normative pressure was less successful.The difference is partly explained by the normative pressure for pregnant sows being larger than for fattening pigs. The other part of the explanation is that in the first case normative pressure aligned better with the three other streams (regulatory, market and technology) to lead to the changes desired by the contestants. 相似文献
102.
秸秆资源收获季节性及其能源供应持续性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
供应的持续性是能源资源评价的一个重要方面,农作物秸秆收获的季节性制约了其供应的持续性。本研究利用季节指数指标分析秸秆收获季节性,构建持续性系数指标评价供应持续性,并对持续性的影响因素进行深入分析。结果表明：①各地区秸秆收获季节性明显,全国22个省份全年一半以上的秸秆集中于9月、10月份,且地区间季节分布差异显著;②所有地区秸秆不能保证全年持续供应,且地区间供应持续性差异较大,安徽、湖南等南方粮食主产省份持续性较好,可以保证6～8个月充分供应,其余省份除少数月份供应充足外,剩下月份都存在一定程度的供应缺口;③供应持续性与秸秆总量正相关,与季节指数和电力消费量负相关,而地理位置、气候条件、农作制度和经济结构等非可控因素是决定供应持续性的深层次因素;④丰富的总量并不一定带来较好的持续性,因而不能仅靠总量标准评价秸秆资源质量 相似文献
103.
Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform business practices and industries and has the potential to address major societal problems, including sustainability. Degradation of the natural environment and the climate crisis are exceedingly complex phenomena requiring the most advanced and innovative solutions. Aiming to spur groundbreaking research and practical solutions of AI for environmental sustainability, we argue that AI can support the derivation of culturally appropriate organizational processes and individual practices to reduce the natural resource and energy intensity of human activities. The true value of AI will not be in how it enables society to reduce its energy, water, and land use intensities, but rather, at a higher level, how it facilitates and fosters environmental governance. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that research regarding AI for sustainability is challenged by (1) overreliance on historical data in machine learning models, (2) uncertain human behavioral responses to AI-based interventions, (3) increased cybersecurity risks, (4) adverse impacts of AI applications, and (5) difficulties in measuring effects of intervention strategies. The review indicates that future studies of AI for sustainability should incorporate (1) multilevel views, (2) systems dynamics approaches, (3) design thinking, (4) psychological and sociological considerations, and (5) economic value considerations to show how AI can deliver immediate solutions without introducing long-term threats to environmental sustainability. 相似文献
104.
In response to global climate change, loss of biodiversity, and the immense human impact on the carrying capacity of the earth systems, attention has been given to sustainable development worldwide. In this paper, we explore the emerging field of sustainability science within the context of the socio‐cultural milieu of Malawi, a sub‐Saharan African country. Through interviews in vernacular languages and observations in the field, our research explores how traditional agriculture practices of African elders may contribute to the sustainability of the environment and culture in Africa. Findings indicate that traditional farmers and food preservationists choose to practice indigenous ways of living with nature to live sustainably in a globalized economy. Further discussion elucidates how merging worldviews and hybridized knowledge and languages can be leveraged to create a third space for dialogue and curriculum development by connecting indigenous ways of living with Eurocentric science. 相似文献
105.
农业一农村发展过程中的土地持续利用具有阶段性特点，不同阶段的持续利用管理内容与方式应与其发展阶段的土地利用和生产、经济发展相一致。以生态工程与景观生态设计方法，是进行不同层次的土地持续利用规划和设计的有效方法。而强大的人工控制系统以及灵敏现代信息工程系统，是实现土地持续利用必不可少的保证。在进入农业一农村发展的综合农业阶段，土地利用结构的调整，必须以促进农村产业结构调整为目标，以土地利用景观的多元化，保证社会、经济以及环境的持续发展。本文以曲周县为例对上述观点进行阐述。 相似文献
106.
Wendy Griswold 《Studies in Continuing Education》2017,39(3):286-302
Future professionals will bear the brunt of creating sustainable societies. Equipping them for the task is the challenge of current educators. Educational experiences facilitating the development of sustainable habits of mind are needed. This research reports on the experiences of developing scientists and engineers engaged in a sustainable energy research program. Its focus is the learners’ changing conceptions about sustainability and their role in creating sustainable societies. It is an exploratory, multi-strand, case-oriented study, utilizing mixed methods to analyze qualitative and quantitative data. The research was grounded in the literature of education for sustainability and situated learning in communities, highlighting the common threads supporting the development of a new generation of scientists and engineers with sustainable mindsets. Findings indicated learners’ concepts of sustainability were broadened from narrow, discipline-specific definitions to an understanding of sustainability as a multidisciplinary field. Learners’ developing identities from budding scientists and engineers to citizens invested in and capable of creating sustainable societies is discussed. The development of learning communities was an integral mechanism for facilitating perspective changes; however, field trips and seminars focused on exploring sustainability were identified as key influences in developing multifaceted and more complex conceptions of sustainability. 相似文献
107.
This study investigated how teacher education academics embed sustainability education in learning and teaching, using a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed journal articles. A taxonomy of four distinctive approaches was developed: (1) embedding sustainability education widely across curriculum areas, courses, and institution; (2) through a dedicated core/compulsory subject; (3) through a component of a core/compulsory subject; and (4) through a dedicated elective subject. This paper investigates the differing rationales, theoretical frames and pedagogical approaches used and identifies the perceived challenges underpinning each of these approaches. The final section offers an analysis and discussion of the implications of our review findings for teacher education academics and researchers, and others in the broader academic community who are interested in change towards sustainability through education. 相似文献
108.
Dimitra Spiropoulou Triantafyllia Antonakaki Sophia Kontaxaki Sarantis Bouras 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(5):443-450
This paper reports on research concerning Greek in-service Primary teachers’ perceptions about environmental issues and attitudes
towards Education for Sustainable Development. A questionnaire with multiple-choice and open-ended questions was used in order
to gain more comprehensive understanding of their thoughts. The analysis of data revealed that teachers hold misunderstandings
or misconceptions of the conceptual meaning of the terms “sustainability” and “renewable source of energy”. Furthermore, the
implementation rate of environmental programs in schools is relatively low considering teachers’ interest in the issues. This
is due to lack of familiarity with new methodological approaches which promote environmental matters. By taking into account
these research findings, possible implications arising from supporting teachers to implement environmental programs in schools
are discussed and suggestions for overcoming the outlined difficulties are made. 相似文献
109.
联合国教科文组织自2015年以来在全球范围内开展了一项针对高校学生的可持续发展认知测试，其测试结果开创性地勾勒出了高校学生可持续发展认知的全球图景。基于该测试第一批次全球261所高校的调查数据分析发现，高校学生已具备基本的可持续发展知识和素养，可持续教育已普遍纳入高校的培养计划，未来需要更多地在实践活动中培养学生的可持续责任意识，“可持续发展为导向的大学”理念广泛受到认同与传播。中国高校学生在测试中整体表现优于国际平均水平，这是近年来我国高校开展可持续教育的成果体现。可持续发展教育的进一步推进需要政策、理论和实践等多层面的支持和联动。我国高校围绕立德树人的重要目标，应把可持续发展理念融入学生核心素养和综合素质培养之中。 相似文献
110.
本文以现实中数字图书馆信息资源运作模式的微观层面为基础,通过借鉴生态学中的生态位理论以及复杂适应系统理论(CAS),从数字信息资源增长与跃迁模式分析、数字图书馆信息资源运作模式的生态学分析,以及数字图书馆信息资源运作模式中涌现的复杂自适应特性三个方面,对数字图书馆信息资源的可持续发展进行了讨论;并指出数字图书馆信息资源运作模式在现实中所涌现出的复杂自适应机制,是数字图书馆信息资源在微观、宏观层面不断增长和保持可持续发展的内在驱动力,也是其不断演化的基础。 相似文献