Interpersonal coordination tendencies supporting the creation/prevention of goal scoring opportunities in futsal     

《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(1):28-35

Abstract

Research on 1vs1 sub-phases in team sports has shown how one player coordinates his/her actions with his/her opponent and the location of a target/goal to attain performance objectives. In this study, we extended this approach to analysis of 5vs5 competitive performance in the team sport of futsal to provide a performance analysis framework that explains how players coordinate their actions to create/prevent opportunities to score goals. For this purpose, we recorded all 10 futsal matches of the 2009 Lusophony Games held in Lisbon. We analysed the displacement trajectories of a shooting attacker and marking defender in plays ending in a goal, a goalkeeper's save, and a defender's interception, at four specific moments during performance: (1) assisting attacker's ball reception and (2) moment of passing, (3) shooter's ball reception, and (4), shot on goal. Statistical analysis showed that when a goal was scored, the defender's angle to the goal and to the attacker tended to decrease, the attacker was able to move to the same distance to the goal alongside the defender, and the attacker was closer to the defender and moving at the same velocity (at least) as the defender. This study identified emergent patterns of coordination between attackers and defenders under key competitive task constraints, such as the location of the goal, which supported successful performance in futsal.  相似文献   

A systematic approach to analysing sports performance     

Ian M. Franks  David Goodman 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(1):49-59

A systematic approach to the analysis of sporting events is discussed. The basic tenet is that objective quantification of critical events is required for a complete analysis. This approach encompasses diverse areas of methodology and research, such as quantification, biomechanics and physiology. The theoretical underpinnings are behavioural, in so far as athletes produce observable behaviour that can be quantified and ultimately changed. Several areas of analysis are linked together in a general framework and each one of these areas is dealt with in detail.  相似文献   

International conference on sport,leisure and ergonomics     

Jody Lynn Virr  Alex Game  Gordon John Bell 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):239-258

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the physical demands of women’s rugby union match play using time–motion analysis and heart rate (HR) response. Thirty-eight premier club level female rugby players, ages 18–34 years were videotaped and HRs monitored for a full match. Performances were coded into 12 different movement categories: 5 speeds of locomotion (standing, walking, jogging, striding, sprinting), 4 forms of intensive non-running exertion (ruck/maul/tackle, pack down, scrum, lift) and 3 discrete activities (kick, jump, open field tackle). The main results revealed that backs spend significantly more time sprinting and walking whereas forwards spend more time in intensive non-running exertion and jogging. Forwards also had a significantly higher total work frequency compared to the backs, but a higher total rest frequency compared to the backs. In terms of HR responses, forwards displayed higher mean HRs throughout the match and more time above 80% of their maximum HR than backs. In summary, women’s rugby union is characterised by intermittent bursts of high-intensity activity, where forwards and backs have similar anaerobic energy demands, but different specific match demands.  相似文献   

Kinematics,coordination, variability,and biological noise in the prone flutter kick at different levels of a “learn-to-swim” programme     

Ross H. Sanders 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):213-227

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to establish the characteristics of the movement patterns common to flutter kicking of skilled swimmers and to determine how the movement patterns of swimmers at different levels of a “learn-to-swim” programme differ from those of skilled swimmers. Also, the nature of the skill afforded the opportunity to investigate learning of a cyclical multi-joint task from a motor control perspective. The underwater motion of nine children representing three levels of a “learn-to-swim” programme and 10 skilled swimmers were video-recorded while performing nine cycles of prone flutter kicking. Kinematics including joint angular motion and coordination of joint actions were calculated. Fourier analysis was applied to determine the frequency composition of the vertical undulations of the hip, knee, and ankle and to calculate the velocity of the body wave travelling caudally from hip to ankle. Fourier analysis also enabled investigation of biological noise, as distinct from variability. The results indicated the desired joint angles and coordination towards which learners could be guided. An index based on the ratio of hip – knee and knee – ankle body wave velocities showed that the inter-joint coordination of most learners was not appropriate for effective flutter kicking. There was strong evidence to suggest that skilled performance in flutter kicking is characterized by sequencing of joint actions to produce a single sinusoidal body wave moving caudally with not decreasing and preferably increasing velocity, low biological noise, and small variability.  相似文献   

一种企业研发团队复杂网络平台体系架构     

李建勋  李维乾  郭莲丽  邓朝晖  刘斯 《现代情报》2013,33(10):128-131

针对现有复杂网络软件难以支撑企业研发团队分析的问题,建立一个灵活、可扩展的关系网络的展示环境和可视化分析环境,提炼出研发团队复杂网络映射方案、表示方案,通过特征指标关联反映研发团队复杂网络的内在本质,形成以行为为准则的复杂网络动态演化机制,为企业研发团队的复杂网络分析提供一个具有复杂网络建模、分析展示系统、指标特征关联、网络动态演化4个层面的专业平台架构。  相似文献   

复杂网络视角的产业技术创新联盟知识转移网络研究     

张宇洁  吴洁  刘亭亭 《科技管理研究》2013,33(12)

阐述复杂网络相关理论,重点描述复杂网络的特征参数度分布、聚类系数、特征路径长度;分析产业联盟中的知识转移网络的复杂特性;运用复杂网络的特征参数分析产业联盟的知识转移活动,并为产业联盟中知识转移网络的建设和优化提出建议,从而为提高产业联盟的知识转移效率提供一种全新的思路.  相似文献   

基于现代系统论视角剖析武术整体观     

夏俊彪  龚诗勇 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2013,(6):24-27

武术深受传统文化整体思维影响,表现为＂天人合一＂、＂内外兼修＂以及＂形神合一＂的整体观。尝试运用现代系统论分析传统武术整体观,认为武术整体观具有现代系统论的整体涌现性、结构关联方式、层次理论、系统和环境一体性等特点,具备一定合理性。然而,武术整体观脱胎于中国古代哲学,还存在着认知水平以及认知方法的局限性,需要借助于现代科学加以矫正和完善。  相似文献   

Using Social Cognitive Theory to Predict Physical Activity and Fitness in Underserved Middle School Children     

Jeffrey J. Martin  Nate McCaughtry  Sara Flory  Anne Murphy  Kimberlydawn Wisdom 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):247-255

Abstract

Few researchers have used social cognitive theory and environment-based constructs to predict physical activity (PA) and fitness in underserved middle-school children. Hence, we evaluated social cognitive variables and perceptions of the school environment to predict PA and fitness in middle school children (N = 506, ages 10-14 years). Using multiple regression analyses we accounted for 12% of the variance in PA and 13-21% of the variance in fitness. The best predictors of PA were barrier self-efficacy, classmate social support, and gender; whereas, only gender predicted fitness. The results affirmed the importance of barrier self-efficacy and gender differences. Our findings regarding classmate social support are some of the first to illuminate the importance of school-specific peers in promoting PA.  相似文献   

Effects of agonist–antagonist complex resistance training on upper body strength and power development     

Daniel W. Robbins  Warren B. Young  David G. Behm  Warren R. Payne 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1617-1625

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the chronic effects on strength and power of performing complex versus traditional set training over eight weeks. Fifteen trained males were assessed for throw height, peak velocity, and peak power in the bench press throw and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the bench press and bench pull exercises, before and after the eight-week programme. The traditional set group performed the pulling before the pushing exercise sets, whereas the complex set group alternated pulling and pushing sets. The complex set training sessions were completed in approximately half the time. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was monitored during both test sessions in an attempt to determine if it was affected as a result of the training programme. Although there were no differences in the dependent variables between the two conditions, bench pull and bench press 1-RM increased significantly under the complex set condition and peak power increased significantly under the traditional set condition. Effect size statistics suggested that the complex set was more time-efficient than the traditional set condition with respect to development of 1-RM bench pull and bench press, peak velocity and peak power. The EMG activity was not affected. Complex set training would appear to be an effective method of exercise with respect to efficiency and strength development.  相似文献   

Reflections on the Use of the RTE Model in Physical Education     

Beverly J. Yerg 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):38-47

Abstract

Research on teacher effectiveness (RTE) using process-product design is a relative newcomer in the area of educational research and an infant in the realm of physical education. The “ideal” model for RTE postulated by cognitive domain researchers from the University of Pittsburgh's Learning Research and Development Center specified six requirements for such research including measures of outcome, teacher behavior, and other influencing factors; a model of classroom processes; data collection procedures; and analysis techniques. This paper discusses procedures and problems related to application of the model where the outcome was psychomotor. Specific topics of discussion include utilizing practice time, providing feedback, defining teaching, measuring teacher mastery, selecting the learning task, utilizing the experimental teaching unit (ETU) approach, and using observation systems. The knowledge base in the acquisition of motor skill must be translated into language for the practitioner. To accomplish this translation, it is necessary to identify teacher behaviors that facilitate learning within given contexts for a specified task or tasks. Such identification will be possible when additional research provides refinement in the model and a sound foundation of knowledge. This research endeavor was an early step in the refinement process.  相似文献