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21.
廉租房制度有租赁住房补贴、租金减免和实物配租等三种措施。从效用影响和福利经济学的分析来看,这三种补贴措施都能够提高被补贴者的效用。在相同补贴额的情况下,若政策目标为最大程度提高被补贴者效用,应该选择租赁补贴作为补贴措施;若政策目标为有效提升被补贴者的住房水平,则应当选择实物配租方式。 相似文献
22.
如何保障农民工子女受教育权是关乎社会公平问题。本文运用吉尔伯特社会福利政策框架,对当前农民工子女义务教育政策进行分析,强调国家有义务保障公民的受义务教育权,为农民工子女提供义务教育政策支持是政府不可推卸的责任。 相似文献
23.
BackgroundHomeless, runaway, and youth exiting foster care are vulnerable to sexual exploitation, but little research has parsed the societal, community, and individual factors that contribute to their risk.Objectives(1) To estimate child welfare characteristics in a sample of homeless young people who engaged in commercial sex (CS); and (2) To compare young people who were sex trafficked (ST) to those who engaged in some other form of CS.Participants and settingThis study includes 98 homeless young people in Philadelphia, PA, Phoenix, AZ, and Washington, DC, who were interviewed for a larger study of ST and endorsed engagement in CS.MethodsWe used a non-probability, purposive, maximum variation sampling procedure. Interviews were recorded and responses were simultaneously noted on a standardized interview form. Data were analyzed through means, frequencies, and bivariate tests of association.ResultsAverage age of the full sample of 98 homeless young people was 20.9 years; 48% were female and 50% were Black/African American. Forty-six percent of the full sample was sex trafficked. The full sample and the victims of ST differed significantly in three child welfare characteristics, with the ST group more likely to have been maltreated as children, more likely to have had family involvement with the child welfare system (CWS), and more likely to report higher rates of living someplace other than with their biological parents as children.ConclusionsST victims differ from those who engaged in other forms of CS in histories of maltreatment, involvement with the CWS, and exposure to residential instability while growing up. 相似文献
24.
BackgroundAfrican American children are overrepresented in foster care at twice to three times the rate of white children. Scholars argue that racism and oppression underlie disproportionality (Križ & Skivenes, 2011).ObjectiveThis study explored disproportionality as seen through the eyes of African American parents in the child welfare system. The aim was to understand why African American families are over-represented in child custody statistics and to improve family and parenting support for African American communities.Participants & SettingParticipants included twenty-one African Americans--12 women and 9 men, two of whom were foster parents and 19 of whom were parents involved with child welfare services. All participants reside in two impoverished areas in southern United States. Focus groups were used to collect data and were conducted at a community center.MethodsThe method of analysis was constant comparison analysis (Strauss) and thematic analysis of the focus group discussions in the context of institutional policy.FindingsSix themes (profound lack of trust; overwhelming trauma; severe and persistent poverty; health and mental health; socio-economic conditions; and sense of social isolation were identified, along with three participant suggestions to improve child welfare services (family support services, economic revival, and better communication).ConclusionsIn the current study we note the strong link between poverty, child maltreatment, and child removal and conclude with an exploration of practice and policy implications with recommendations for a way forward. The need for culturally competent and trauma informed child welfare services is also discussed. 相似文献
25.
BackgroundGiven fathers’ potential role in bringing about desired child welfare case outcomes, researchers have begun to identify factors that impact agency efforts to identify and involve fathers. Racial-ethnic inequality and bias are not among factors studied, despite longstanding evidence that racial-ethnic minority children make up a disproportionate share of the child welfare population.ObjectiveWe set out to identify racial-ethnic patterns in initial casework activity with nonresident fathers and explore whether select factors explain racial-ethnic differentials.Participants and SettingCaseworkers of 1,754 children in foster care in four U.S. states were surveyed.MethodsBivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with whether agencies identified, located, and contacted nonresident fathers.ResultsAgencies were less likely to identify nonresident fathers of Black, Latinx, and Multiracial children, relative to those of White children. Among fathers whom agencies identified, Black and Latinx fathers were less likely to be located. Among fathers whom agencies located, Black and Latinx fathers were less likely to be contacted. Whereas greater rates of international mobility among Latinx fathers explained agencies’ disproportionately low rates of contact, no other factor explained racial-ethnic differentials.ConclusionWe find evidence of historical racial-ethnic disproportionalities across the three initial stages of casework practice with nonresident fathers in U.S. child welfare systems. Though more recent data are needed, this research suggests that racial-ethnic minority foster children are more likely than White foster children to be denied the benefits of agency-father contact, whether due to societal or systemic racial inequalities. 相似文献
26.
BackgroundTemporal dynamics during the early adulthood transition among children in out-of-home care is a neglected research area, leaving the possibility of coping with childhood adversity over time a poorly understood topic.ObjectiveTo explore early adulthood education and employment trajectories among young adults who experienced out-of-home care during childhood and to examine how various care history factors predict these trajectories.ParticipantsWe use longitudinal birth cohort data comprising individual-level information from national registers of all children born in Finland in 1987 (N = 59,476, of whom 1893 were in care).Setting and methodsWe use trajectory clustering from a previous study on the 1987 birth cohort to compare trajectories between children in care and a propensity score–matched group of peers never in care. We investigated the association between care history factors and trajectories with multinomial logistic regression modeling.ResultsCompared with the matched peer group, children in care were less likely to enter trajectories characterized by education and employment (38%) and more likely to enter trajectories involving early parenthood (14%) or long periods of fragmented social assistance benefit receipt and unemployment (21%). Those on early parenthood trajectories were almost exclusively women, whereas those receiving social assistance benefits and experiencing unemployment for lengthy periods were mostly men. Entering disadvantaged trajectories was associated with, inter alia, placement as an adolescent, residential care, and aging out of care.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the relevance of examining longitudinal trajectories in children in care’s early adulthood. Many young adults with care experience need support in education and employment beyond young adult age. 相似文献
27.
京津冀协同发展是京津冀经济发展的新契机,但随着京津冀地区经济快速发展,对生态环境造成的巨大压力使得人们关注的重点逐渐从经济福利转向生态福利。本文运用熵权法-超效率SBM和空间相关分析,以京津冀13个地市为研究对象,测算2005-2017年区域生态福利绩效水平及空间相关性。研究发现：京津冀地区生态福利绩效水平大多数城市呈现波动上升最后趋于平稳态势。京津冀地区生态福利绩效水平在空间上呈现一定的相关性,观察分析2006、2010、2013及2017年莫兰散点图和LISA聚类变化图的变异,发现中心地市北京、保定、廊坊以及沧州主要形成高值聚集区;边缘地市邯郸、邢台、唐山和张家口组成低值聚集区,这就需要加强京津冀城市间经济生态福利协调发展。 相似文献
28.
This study examines the role of several resilience resources in the relationship between lifetime victimization and mental health problems among adolescents in care. The sample comprised 127 adolescents (53.% females, aged 12–17 years) from residential care facilities in Catalonia, Spain. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire, the Youth Self-Report, and the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire were used to assess victimization, psychological symptoms, and resilience respectively. Results indicated that poly-victimization was associated with fewer resources, and with an increased risk of mental health problems. Self-resources mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing and externalizing symptoms; community support mediated the relationship between victimization and internalizing symptoms. Self, school and peer support moderated the relationship between victimization and externalizing symptoms. Adolescents with fewer self-resources and less school support reported more externalizing symptoms, as did those with more peer support. However, poly-victimized youths reported symptoms within the clinical range, regardless of their level of resources. The findings stress the importance of preventing poly-victimization and of empowering poly-victimized adolescents, who appear to present low levels of resources. Researchers and clinicians should continue to study the poly-victimization/psychopathology relationship, and also design interventions and prevention programs which incorporate the most relevant resilience resources. 相似文献
29.
公共图书馆平民化是公共图书馆的本质属性,平民化建设是公共图书馆事业的发展方向。公共图书馆平民化有五个基本内涵:普及化、社区化、平等性原则、公益性原则、便民性原则。深圳的"图书馆之城"和佛山市的联合图书馆之路,是公共图书馆平民化建设的具体实践。公共图书馆应树立平民化理念,以制度为保障,推进平民化建设。参考文献17。 相似文献
30.