再制造品环境税征收政策研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王哲  李帮义  王玥 《科研管理》2019,40(2):186-198

虽然再制造品减少了对能源和材料的需求，但是生产和使用再制造品依然会带来环境问题，而且当其蚕食效应达到一定程度时将会导致环境效益变坏，因此是否应该对再制造品征税受到了人们的关注。为了更好的分析引入再制造品征税对供应链生产决策、环境、经济和社会福利的影响，分别构建了有无再制造征税情况下包含政府和制造商的二阶段Stackelberg博弈模型，利用逆向归纳法求解分析发现：对再制造品征税会导致政府可调控税收范围变小；低税收政策下引入再制造品征税可以促进制造商新产品生产销售行为，高税收政策下将阻碍制造商生产销售行为。引入再制造品征税后，高税收政策下制造商会出现经济效益变坏、环境效益变好的“一输一赢”局面，低税收政策下一定条件下会出现经济和环境效益都变坏的“双输”局面。所以，当制造商税收负担较低且消费者环保意识高于再制造品环境影响时，规制者不应当对再制造品征税。为了更好衡量立法有效性，政府应当平衡经济、环境和社会效益，以福利最大化为标准决定是否对再制造品进行征税，并确定最优税收水平。最后，通过算例分析给出了相关结论的验证，并获得了一些新的管理启示。  相似文献   

能源安全战略的实施顺序   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

邹艳芬  魏晓平 《资源科学》2005,27(5):55-61

能源是现代社会必不可少的投入,就如人体的血液一样,保障能源安全能够促进经济社会的发展.但能源安全战略实施需要投入的资金巨大,在我国现有的经济、财政条件下,不可能也没有必要同时实施所有战略,因此,必须按照一定的顺序,主次分明地对战略进行有序地实施.本文通过分析能源安全的经济作用,并运用社会福利准则分析能源安全的社会作用,说明能源安全对经济、社会等的作用是有限度的,相对于能源不安全对社会和国家造成危害的无法估量性,决定了国家的能源安全战略实施顺序的选择,不应该以传统的效益可得性为依据,而应该在充分考虑全球能源状况和国家经济及能源供需等具体条件下,按照能源的危机程度及先短期后长期等原则排列.最后,依据中国的具体情况,提出了中国能源安全战略的实施顺序.  相似文献   

法学视角下我国土地分类之完善     

唐双娥  郑太福 《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2011,40(6):69-72

法律上,我国的土地分类主要按土地的用途和利益性质两个标准进行。按照用途,土地被分为农用地、建设用地和未利用土地。依土地利益的性质,土地被分为公益性用地和经营性用地。2002年的《土地分类》(试行)中的土地分类以服务于农业生产为主要特征,以生态功能为主的生态用地被作为"其他农用地"对待。2008年的《土地利用现状分类》国家标准设12个一级土地利用类型,也未将生态用地作为独立的地类。为此,法律应明确公益性用地的层次,将生态用地作为独立的地类,且为层次较高的公益性用地。  相似文献   

从损失补偿到福利保障——发达国家农业保险的福利化转型探析     

陈运来 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011,43(4):98-103

发达国家农业保险的福利化转型始于20世纪50年代。主要表现为主导模式的根本转变、基本地位的显著提升、政策目标的重大调整、财政投入的迅猛增长、保险范围的急剧扩大、保障程度的大幅提高以及实施方式的强制变革。这些转型的发生受到特定的经济、政治、社会政策和理论方面因素的影响。其对我国农业保险发展的重要启示意义是应循序渐进地推动农业保险的福利化转型、应恰当选择农业保险的政策目标、应充分发挥财政投入对农业保险的拉动效应、应适时推出福利保障性农业保险新产品、应积极推进农业保险实施方式的强制性变革。  相似文献   

社会质量理论:检视中国福利改革的新视角     

韩克庆 《教学与研究》2011,(1)

社会质量在中国仍然是一个不为学界普遍认可甚至为公众所熟知的概念,它在中国和欧洲有着不同的语境。社会质量理论的出现,以及相应的欧洲社会模式的转向,无疑会影响正在进行中的中国社会福利建设。从社会质量这一理论视角出发,中国福利改革的主要议题是:(1)经济发展是提升社会质量的主要途径;(2)政治民主是社会质量的一个重要标志;(3)市民社会的培育是提升社会质量的重要方面;(4)社会质量离不开机会平等。社会质量理论及其倡导的社会发展路径,提供了福利世界的另一种模式,使我们可以深入思考中国社会福利改革与社会发展的目标走向。  相似文献   

Bridge over troubled water: using implementation science to facilitate effective services in child welfare     

Mildon R  Shlonsky A 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(9):753-756

To maximize benefits to children and their families, effective practices need to be used competently in child welfare settings. Since the 1990s, researchers and policy makers have focused attention on empirically supported interventions (ESIs). Much less attention has been paid to what is needed to implement these in a range of real-world settings. Without proper implementation, which includes an evaluation strategy from feasibility to fidelity to on-going work on moderators and mediators of program effects, established effective programs can be rendered ineffective in practical application. The paper will touch on progress, to date, of implementation science, its application to child welfare programs and practices, and will highlight a set of practical strategies for implementing empirically supported interventions in child welfare.  相似文献   

Changes in parental depression symptoms during family preservation services     

Chaffin M  Bard D 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(6):448-458

Objectives

Parental depression symptoms often change over the course of child welfare family preservation and parenting services. This raises the question of whether certain processes in family preservation services might be associated with depression symptom change. This study tests three correlational models of change among family preservation service participants: (a) changes in depression symptoms are one facet of broad general changes in wellbeing; (b) the quality of the home visitor-client relationship is associated depression symptom changes; and (c) linking parents to adjunctive services is associated with symptom changes.

Methods

Participants were 2,175 parents in family preservation services, largely for child neglect, who were surveyed using standard measures at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 6 month follow-up. Change patterns were evaluated using growth models, including bivariate parallel and multivariate second-order models.

Results

Parallel growth was noted among depression symptoms and changes in social, economic, familial, and parenting domains. A second order change model positing a global change pattern fit the data well. Working alliance had a modest association with improvement, but successful linkage to outside mental health services was not associated with improvement.

Conclusions

Changes in diverse indicators of wellbeing follow a global pattern which might support use of less complex rather than more fully comprehensive service plans. Findings about lack of adjunctive usual care mental health service benefit may be related to uncontrolled factors and this is a topic in need of additional study.  相似文献   

Identifying and predicting problem behavior trajectories among pre-school children investigated for child abuse and neglect     

Woodruff K  Lee B 《Child abuse & neglect》2011,35(7):491-503

Objective

Young children involved with child welfare services are at high risk for behavior problems. This study aims to identify externalizing behavior paths that preschoolers in this high-risk population follow over a 6 year period, and the predictors of membership in normative and problematic pathways.

Methods

Using data from the National Study of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW), the sample included 246 4-year-olds who remained home after investigation. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to estimate the number, size, and shape of subgroups of preschoolers following distinct behavioral pathways. Early predictors of membership in the resulting groups were then examined.

Results

Four groups of preschool children following distinct behavior trajectories over 6 years were identified. Weighted results show that more than half (61%) of the children followed a low/normal problem behavior trajectory while just over one tenth (12%) were on a persistent high trajectory, remaining in the clinical range throughout the study. Improving (23%) and worsening (4%) problem behavior groups were also identified. Internalizing problems, attention problems, child ethnicity, and maltreatment type reported at age 4 predicted membership in the trajectory groups.

Conclusions

Internalizing behavior problems and maltreatment type may distinguish preschool children who are more likely to experience worsening or persistent problematic externalizing behaviors from those likely to follow a normal behavior trajectory.

Practice implications

Identifying early indicators of externalizing behavior problems and addressing them with evidence-based interventions to reduce negative behaviors may avert long-term negative outcomes.  相似文献   

解决安居房建设隐患的几点思考     

杨世华 《玉溪师范学院学报》2011,(11):17-20

从实施现状看,我国安居工程还存在建材质量、施工质量、就业压力、生活习惯等方面的隐患。针对这些隐患,政府应该在加强安居房规划设计工作和硬件质量建设的同时,动员和组织一切力量在社区物业管理、社会保障、就业能力提升等方面为＂安居工程＂提供保障。  相似文献   

中产阶级住宅福利研究的意义与理论依据     

汤茜草 《未来与发展》2011,34(1):19-21,18

住宅福利一直是福利社会学研究的重要范畴。当福利的内涵和外延同时拓展时,其普惠式的趋势就相当明显,更多的受益群体将纳入到住宅福利体系之中。随着我国住宅供应梯次体系日趋明朗,处在社会中层的中产阶级的住宅福利理应受到更多的关注。开展对中产阶级住宅福利的研究意义重大,不仅是解决这一群体住有所居的福利目标,更多的是通过这种研究来关注这个群体的生活方式及其对社会稳定和谐所起的重要作用。福利社会学的福利研究框架,行动者与社会相互建构的理论以及诸多关于政策本质的研究都为这种研究提供了重要的理论依据。  相似文献