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1.
利用UAS/hand-gal4系统构建果蝇心脏Nmnat基因特异性过表达,研究心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动对高脂膳食诱发脂毒性心肌症的影响,并分析其分子机制。方法:雄性w^1118和NmnatUAS系果蝇分别与雌性hand-Gal4杂交,收集F1代心脏Nmnat正常表达(hand>w^1118)和过表达(hand>Nmnat)处女蝇,饲养至15 d后开始进行耐力运动(E)和高脂膳食(HFD),并分为hand>w^1118、hand>w^1118+E、hand>w^1118+HFD、hand>w^1118+HFD+E、hand>Nmnat、hand>Nmnat+E、hand>Nmnat+HFD、hand>Nmnat+HFD+E共8组,每组410只。ELISA检测心脏TAG、NAD+、SIR2蛋白去乙酰化、SOD活力和MDA水平,qRT-PCR检测心脏相关基因mRNA表达,M-mode检测心脏功能情况。结果:hand>w^1118+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、缩短分数高于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且d FAS和Col4al表达、TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>w^1118+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01);hand>Nmnat果蝇心脏各指标与hand>Nmnat+HFD相比较未见显著差异(P>0.05);hand>Nmnat+HFD+E果蝇心脏的Nmnat、dFoxo、bmm表达、心脏NAD+水平、SIR2去乙酰化、SOD活力、心脏缩短分数高于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01),且dFAS和Col4al表达\TAG和MDA水平、心率和纤维性振颤低于hand>Nmnat+HFD(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:心脏Nmnat过表达和耐力运动均能抵抗果蝇高脂膳食诱发的心脏脂质过度堆积、氧化损伤、减弱心脏收缩能力和增加纤维性振颤,其分子机制与心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性增强有关。心脏Nmnat基因过表达联合耐力运动能更好地降低脂毒性心肌症的发生概率,其机制与二者联合对心脏Nmnat/NAD+/SIR2/dFoxo通路活性上调的叠加作用有关。  相似文献   
2.
在双积分制背景下,通过构建产业链自制式决策和外购式决策模型,研究了新能源汽车产业链中乘用车生产企业和电池生产企业的最优决策问题。结果表明:消费者支付意愿的提高、电池生产企业的研发能力的提升、市场上新能源汽车积分交易价格的上涨,都有利于两种决策产业链中新能源汽车续航能力的提高;自制式决策更有效,但外购式决策产业链可以通过提升消费者支付意愿、提高电池企业的研发能力来达到自制式决策产业链利润的效果。在外购式决策产业链中引入了政府补贴机制,实现产业链良性发展。在此基础上,给出了新能源汽车产业发展的建议。  相似文献   
3.
作为心肌损伤的特异性指标,心肌肌钙蛋白(cTn)在临床诊断心肌病中具有较高的价值。马拉松等耐力运动后,血清cTn异常升高的生理、病理意义仍存在较大争议。通过总结马拉松等耐力运动后cTn的释放规律和右心室(RV)损伤情况,研究探讨了运动后血清cTn的可能来源,以及利用血清cTn评价运动后RV心肌损伤性质的可行性。研究认为:1)一次性马拉松等耐力运动后的血清cTn异常升高,可能是由于RV心肌结构蛋白损伤所致;2)一次性马拉松等耐力运动,可能导致不同性质的RV心肌损伤,通过结合运动后血清cTn的升高水平和持续升高的时间,可以对RV心肌损伤的性质进行评价。  相似文献   
4.
This investigation examined the effect of beetroot juice (BR) supplementation, a source of dietary nitrate (NO3?), on cycling time-trial (TT) performance and thermoregulation in the heat. In a double-blind, repeated-measures design, 12 male cyclists (age 26.6 ± 4.4 years, VO2peak 65.8 ± 5.5 mL.kg?1.min?1) completed four cycling TTs (14 kJ.kg?1) in hot (35°C, 48% relative humidity) and euthermic (21°C, 52%) conditions, following 3 days supplementation with BR (6.5 mmol NO3? for 2 days and 13 mmol NO3? on the final day), or NO3depleted placebo (PLA). Salivary NO3? and nitrite, core (Tc) and mean skin temperature (Tsk) were measured. Salivary NO3? and nitrite increased significantly post-BR supplementation (< 0.001). Average TT completion time (mm:ss) in hot conditions was 56:50 ± 05:08 with BR, compared with 58:30 ± 04:48 with PLA (= 0.178). In euthermic conditions, average completion time was 53:09 ± 04:35 with BR, compared with 54:01 ± 04:05 with PLA (= 0.380). The TT performance decreased (< 0.001), and Tc (< 0.001) and Tsk (< 0.001) were higher in hot compared with euthermic conditions. In summary, BR supplementation has no significant effect on cycling TT performance in the heat.  相似文献   
5.
The aim of this work was to identify, synthesize and evaluate the results of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of resistance training on performance indicators in previously trained endurance runners. A database search was carried out in PubMed, Science Direct, OvidSPMedLine, Wiley, Web of Science, ProQuest and Google Scholar. In accordance with the PRISMA checklist, 18 published articles dated prior to May 2016 involving 321 endurance runners were reviewed using the PEDro scale. Resistance training led to general improvements in muscular strength, running economy, muscle power factors, and direct performance in distances between 1,500 and 10,000 m. Such improvements were not accompanied by a significant increase in body mass or signs of overtraining. However, improvements did not occur in all cases, suggesting that they might depend on the specific characteristics of the resistance training applied. Although current evidence supports the effectiveness of resistance training to improve performance in already trained endurance runners, the methodological inconsistencies identified suggest that the results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies ought to investigate the benefits of resistance training in endurance runners while considering the existence of possible differentiated effects based on the specific characteristics of the resistance training carried out.  相似文献   
6.
Time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trials are used in a laboratory setting to measure endurance performance. However, there is some concern with their ecological validity compared with time-trials (TT). Consequently, we aimed to compare cycling performance in TTE and TT where the duration of the trials was matched. Seventeen trained male cyclists completed three TTE trials at 80, 100 and 105% of maximal aerobic power (MAP). On a subsequent visit they performed three TT over the same duration as the TTE. Participants were blinded to elapsed time, power output, cadence and heart rate (HR). Average TTE was 865 ± 345 s, 165 ± 98 s and 117 ± 45 s for the 80, 100 and 105% trials respectively. Average power output was higher for TTE (294 ± 44 W) compared to TT (282 ± 43 W) at 80% MAP (P < 0.01), but not at 100 and 105% MAP (P > 0.05). There was no difference in cadence, HR, or RPE for any trial (P > 0.05). Critical power (CP) was also higher when derived from TTE compared to TT (P < 0.01). It is concluded that TTE results in a higher average power output compared to TT at 80% MAP. When determining CP, TTE rather than TT protocols appear superior.  相似文献   
7.
解,原名杨戈平,是当代活跃诗人,他长期盘桓于体制内,其诗作向我们呈现出极其独特的思索空间。解构或者提炼,是他诗歌的基本语法,这是一次隐忍的过程,在他貌似漫不经心的叙述里,只有从那精心布置的事物排列,才能洞悉他的企图。解构是一种策略,目的在于颠覆,颠覆那些被认为是天经地义的信条。  相似文献   
8.
为探讨以自尊为切入点的绘画团体心理辅导在提升初中生心理耐挫力中的干预效果,将心理耐挫力问卷总分在0-12分的16名初二学生随机分为两组,8人为实验组,8人为对照组。实验组参加绘画团体心理辅导,每周一次,每次两小时,共8次;对照组同时进行日常的心理活动课。采用心理耐挫力问卷、自尊量表在干预前、后对被试进行测查。结果显示:与对照组相比,实验组被试在干预前的心理耐挫力和自尊量表得分无显著差异,在干预后的心理耐挫力和自尊量表得分显著提高。研究表明以提升自尊为切入点的绘画团体心理辅导是提升中学生心理耐挫力的有效方法。  相似文献   
9.
摘要:目的:通过分析Ⅴ型胶原蛋白a1链(COL5A1)基因多态性与60名中国北方汉族女子专业长跑运动员机能指标的关联性,探寻预测有氧耐力表型的分子标记。方法:采用联合测试法测得无氧阈和最大摄氧量相关指标,肺功仪测得肺功相关指标。用PCR-RFLP分析COL5A1基因的rs13946、rs12722多态性。结果:1)rs12722位点:不同基因型运动员之间无氧阈摄氧量、无氧阈摄氧量相对值有显著性差异(P<0.05),TT型运动员显著大于CC和CT型。2)rs13946位点:该位点与有氧耐力表型以及肺功之间无关联(P<0.05)。3)rs13946-rs12722单体型:携带TC单体型运动员的无氧阈摄氧量和无氧阈摄氧量相对值指标均显著高于非TC单体型运动员(P<0.025)。结论:1)COL5A1 rs12722 TT基因型可作为预测中国北方汉族女子长跑运动员无氧阈强度下机体氧耗量的分子遗传学标记。2)TC单体型可作为预测北方汉族女子长跑运动员无氧阈摄氧量及其相对值指标的分子遗传学标记。  相似文献   
10.
Purpose: There is a paucity of research investigating the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in chronically trained (CT) athletes. Thus, it is unclear how MAPK may contribute to performance and muscle adaptation in CT subjects. The purpose of this study was to determine MAPK total protein, and phosphorylated expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-MAPK (p38) between untrained, and chronically trained runners. Methods: Tissue samples were analysed from sedentary (SED; n?=?5) controls and chronically trained runners (CT; n?=?5). Resting muscle biopsy samples were analysed for total-MAPK – and ratio of phosphorylated/total (p-MAPK) – ERK1/2, JNK, and p38-MAPK via western blotting. Mann–Whitney U tests and effect sizes were utilized to determine differences in total MAPK protein content and phosphorylation status between SED and CT subjects. Results: There was no difference in total-MAPK expression between SED and CT (p?>?.05). p-p38-MAPK tended to be greater for CT compared to SED (p?=?.07). There were moderate effect sizes of decreased pERK/total-ERK (d?=??0.69) and increased pJNK/total-JNK (d?=?0.54) in CT compared to SED. There was a positive correlation between p-p38-MAPK/total-MAPK and the percentage of type I fibres (r?=?0.73, p?=?.016). Conclusion: Contrary to previous studies, chronic endurance training does not greatly influence total MAPK protein expression in chronically trained runners. However, resting phosphorylation of p38-MAPK may contribute to enhanced oxidative metabolism at chronically trained levels. These alterations are likely involved in the different physiological adaptations that occur following long-term training or at highly competitive levels.  相似文献   
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