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1.
A comparison of 1,096 professional journalists in China and the United States on attitudes toward attribution and plagiarism reveals Chinese journalists were more likely to see attribution as a practice to be embraced regardless of career longevity and culture, suggesting journalistic norms are more important than a collectivist orientation. Attribution was more likely to be embraced by those who see principles as more important than expediency, affirming research that plagiarism is hardly a monolithic concept. Overall, journalists in the two nations did not vary significantly in their attitudes toward plagiarism, despite vast differences in culture and politics as well as evidence that in some other fields China is more accepting of reusing material without attribution. The data show that among journalists, attitudes toward plagiarism are shared across national boundaries, reinforcing related research showing that a journalism culture exists and is shared at least in part across national boundaries.  相似文献   
2.
Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.  相似文献   
3.
Objectives: envy is a negative social emotion that stems from a social comparison. This study explores the effect of deservingness on the intensity of schadenfreude (pleasure in another’s misfortune) in situations of invidious comparison. Method: the participants, 181 children between the ages of three and 10, were asked to describe what an envious character felt when the character (s/he) envied had lost an (deserved or undeserved) advantage. They were also asked to explain their answers. Results: the findings showed that schadenfreude was more intense when the lost advantage was undeserved than deserved only in young children. The difference between conditions decreased with age. The children’s explanations of schadenfreude were based on the damage to the envied person, whereas the responses of pity were justified by the misfortune and equitable ending (no one wins) of the story. Conclusions: the discussion addresses some of the possible factors, such as the acquisition of display rules, deservingness and perception of equality, that contribute to children’s understanding of emotions such as envy and schadenfreude.  相似文献   
4.
《绿山墙的安妮》是加拿大作家蒙哥马利的著名长篇小说。很多学者分别从女性主义、浪漫主义、教育与宗教等角度研究分析该作品的主题内涵和人物形象,但对其写作表现手法的研究还不多见。该文将探讨作品中对比手法的运用及其艺术效果。蒙哥马利在作品中大量使用对比手法,包括人物性格对比、男孩与女孩的对比、女孩与女孩的对比、教师与教师的对比以及安妮被收养前后的对比。蒙哥马利运用对比手法塑造了鲜明的人物形象,表达了自己的女性价值观和教育观,阐发了爱的主题。  相似文献   
5.
弹性退休是国际上多数高校应对教师队伍老龄化的主要措施,但由于社会背景、大学传统和学校具体情况的不同,大学形成了多样化的退休制度设计和富有启发的实践方式。基于麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学、哈佛大学、牛津大学、剑桥大学五所世界一流高校的退休制度文本,分析弹性退休的实施状况,研究发现,英美一流大学的弹性退休制度包含四点共同的核心要素:灵活的退休年龄、渐进化的退休方式、能力导向的年长教师续任标准以及益老的教师续任工作环境。在具体的弹性退休措施上,五所高校有所差异。  相似文献   
6.
运用文献资料法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对《运动选材学》通用教材不同版本的整体结构内容、章节进行纵横竞技体育历史分析,从跨项选材视角下研究《运动选材学》教材体系的发展规律、历史地位、内容体系存在的问题和建立《运动选材学》内容体系的对策,以期为《运动选材学》教材内容体系的建设与发展提供一些有益的理论依据。同时,也为我国备战2020年东京夏季奥运会和2022年北京冬季奥运会提供一定的理论指导。  相似文献   
7.
In this ITEMS module, we introduce the generalized deterministic inputs, noisy “and” gate (G‐DINA) model, which is a general framework for specifying, estimating, and evaluating a wide variety of cognitive diagnosis models. The module contains a nontechnical introduction to diagnostic measurement, an introductory overview of the G‐DINA model, as well as common special cases, and a review of model‐data fit evaluation practices within this framework. We use the flexible GDINA R package, which is available for free within the R environment and provides a user‐friendly graphical interface in addition to the code‐driven layer. The digital module also contains videos of worked examples, solutions to data activity questions, curated resources, a glossary, and quizzes with diagnostic feedback.  相似文献   
8.
Yun Yu  Marta Moskal 《Compare》2019,49(4):654-671
This paper looks at structural conditions or institutional arrangements that facilitate or hinder interactions for international students. Drawing on the contact and diversity theory, analyses compare Chinese students’ intercultural experience in business and non-business schools in one UK university and explore how these students interpret the meaning of quality intercultural contact based on their responses to the social environment around them. Findings indicate that the overwhelming number of Chinese students, particularly in business schools, combined with obstacles these students face in establishing intercultural contact around the university potentially motivates them to explore engagement with a wider host society (e.g. Christian churches). The denial of intercultural contact due to a lack of diverse environment may lead to inequality in opportunities for cross-cultural learning and personal growth. High quality intercultural contact is not only beneficial to international students, it also enhances the intercultural competency of native students in the global market place.  相似文献   
9.
运用双框架模型对中美竞技体育国际竞争力进行比较研究。认为:①从显现性框架分析,美国竞技体育国际竞争力一直稳定处于高位,而中国则呈现以2008年为峰顶的倒“U”型发展特征,且与美国还存在一定差距;②从解释性框架分析,美国竞技体育国际竞争力已趋于顶峰,而中国稳步提升;③中国竞技体育发展潜力巨大,但短时间内难以赶超美国;④“举国体制”有利于中国竞技体育显现性竞争力的提升,但与美国社会办竞技体育的发展模式相比,市场、社会在竞技体育发展中的作用发挥不足,不利于高经济性项目、高欣赏性项目的发展;⑤坚持“举国体制”、承办2022年冬奥会有利于中国竞技体育显现性竞争力的提升和冬季项目的发展,但同样存在竞技体育项目布局转型的困难和群众体育基础薄弱的困境。  相似文献   
10.
在文艺美学观上,孔子倡导诗乐舞等文学艺术应肩负起移风易俗之重要使命,其风格可谓雅正中透着严肃(彰显阳刚之气);而其政治美学观则倡导仁德礼治,其风格可谓雅正中透着温情(刚中带柔);其生活美学观倡导在日常生活中循礼修德,其风格可谓雅正中透着鲜活(刚柔并济)。在共有风格上,三者皆显“雅正”(阳刚);在风格差异上,其文艺美学观更为严肃(阳刚),其政治美学观和生活美学观则更为活泼(阴柔)。  相似文献   
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