“I learn for a job promotion!”: the role of outcome-focused career goals in motivating distance learners to learn     

Clarence Ng 《Distance Education》2018,39(3):390-410

Outcome-focused career goals are concerned about studying for tangible career benefits. To what extent do these goals motivate distance learners to learn? Using a mixed-method design, Study 1 found that career-focused learners, when compared with noncareer-focused counterparts, had a propensity to endorse outcome-focused career goals, use surface strategies, value their learning, and achieve better course results. Interview findings showed that career-focused learners used a strategic approach to ensure the timely completion of tasks and examination preparation. Study 2 located two groups of career-focused learners (autonomous and controlled) who endorsed outcome-focused career goals, alongside a noncareer-focused group. MANOVA analyses found that autonomous and noncareer-focused learners had engaged learning patterns. Although controlled learners were less engaged in learning, they achieved better results. It was concluded that outcome-focused career goals are significant sources of motivation for distance learners, despite being extrinsic to learning.  相似文献   

Empowerment and relationships: A classroom model to enhance student motivation     

Joe D. Nichols 《Learning Environments Research》2006,9(2):149-161

This project focused on the goal of establishing a classroom model of motivation in which the source of student motivation is based on internal mechanisms or structures, along with the establishment of greater self-regulatory opportunities for students, and which results in greater student empowerment and motivation. One-hundred current elementary and secondary teachers and 100 university preservice teacher education students completed a 40-item Likert-type questionnaire that focused on four classroom dimensions of affirmation, rejection, student empowerment and teacher control. The results of this project suggested that, although veteran and preservice teachers agreed on the need for teacher control in the classroom, there was less agreement about their perceptions of the need to create a classroom environment of positive affirmation and student empowerment. Implications for future research and the need for creating an affirming, empowering, motivational classroom environment are discussed in light of the limitations for teachers and schools to encourage these constructs associated with recent federal legislative policies.  相似文献   

关于发展企业战略联盟的若干思考     

吴芷静  李英惠 《鞍山师范学院学报》2006,8(1):11-14

20世纪90年代以来,我国出现了为数不少的各种类型的企业联盟。但一些企业联盟在运作中存在各种各样的问题,致使其未能充分发挥联盟的优势。究其原因,是企业联盟的理论尚未得到深入的阐释,结盟企业缺少对联盟科学运作的系统研究。鉴于这种情况,本文从战略联盟的定义入手,分析了战略联盟形成的原因,提出了企业构建战略联盟的几点思考和建议。  相似文献   

Student outcomes and perceptions of instructors' demands and support in online and traditional classrooms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gayle E. Mullen  Mary K. Tallent-Runnels   《The Internet and Higher Education》2006,9(4):257-266

In this study, seven graduate students were interviewed and 187 (91 online; 96 traditional) graduate students were surveyed about perceptions of differences in instructors' demands and support and student' motivation, self-regulation, satisfaction, and perceptions of learning in these environments. Results indicated significant differences in students' perceptions on all variables except self-efficacy. Results indicated a strong effect for differences between perceived instructor affective support in online and traditional classrooms. Although students in traditional classrooms ranked instructors' affective support higher, the variable had a stronger relationship with online students' satisfaction. Differences between online and traditional students' reports of instructors' academic support, instructors' demands, and students' satisfaction were significant with medium effect sizes. Results are important because they provide information about students' perceptions of the differences in environments created by instructors that relate to students' affective outcomes.  相似文献   

Expectancy value interactions and academic achievement: Differential relationships with achievement measures     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2019

Motivation predicts academic achievement beyond cognitive ability. Expectancy value theory (Eccles et al., 1983) is a widely accepted and powerful approach explaining academic achievement as well as educational choices and attainment. Recently, attention to the multiplicative term of expectancy and value beliefs has increased. Trautwein et al. (2012) reported a detrimental effect of high task value when expectancy beliefs were low. We aimed to replicate and extend their study by using a large, representative sample of students attending upper secondary school in the German federal state Schleswig-Holstein (N = 3367). Following Trautwein et al. (2012), we applied latent interaction modelling to test whether the predictive value of expectancy value interactions differs for grades, final examinations, and standardized test scores as measures of achievement in two domains. We took the multi-dimensional structure of task value into consideration, analyzing the four components (attainment, intrinsic value, utility and cost) separately. Both a verbal and a non-verbal domain (English as a foreign language and mathematics) were investigated. Overall, the results supported those of Trautwein et al. (2012). However, our findings suggested measure- and domain-specific differences when using expectancy value beliefs and their interactions to predict academic achievement. Interaction terms predicted final examination results in both English and mathematics. Further, interaction effects were significant for grades in English but not mathematics. In general, effect sizes of multiplicative terms were small, especially in contrast to expectancy beliefs. Findings are discussed regarding the practical and conceptual importance of the multiplicative term in expectancy value theory applied in an educational setting.  相似文献   

Effects of different sequences of examples and problems on motivation and learning     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2019

Recent research has shown that example study only (EE) and example-problem pairs (EP) were more effective (i.e., higher test performance) and efficient (i.e., attained with less effort invested in learning and/or test tasks) than problem-example pairs (PE) and problem solving only (PP). We conducted two experiments to investigate how different example and problem-solving sequences would affect motivational (i.e., self-efficacy, perceived competence, and topic interest) and cognitive (i.e., effectiveness and efficiency) aspects of learning. In Experiment 1, 124 technical students learned a mathematical task with the help of EEEE, EPEP, PEPE, or PPPP and then completed a posttest. Students in the EEEE Condition showed higher posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence, attained with less effort investment, than students in the EPEP and PPPP Condition. Surprisingly, there were no differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition on any of the outcome measures. We hypothesized that, because the tasks were relevant for technical students, starting with a problem might not have negatively affected their motivation. Therefore, we replicated the experiment with a different sample of 81 teacher training students. Experiment 2 showed an efficiency benefit of EEEE over EPEP, PEPE, and PPPP. However, only EEEE resulted in greater posttest performance, self-efficacy, and perceived competence than PPPP. We again did not find any differences between the EPEP and PEPE Condition. These results suggest that, at least when short training phases are used, studying examples (only) is more preferable than problem solving only for learning. Moreover, this study showed that example study (only) also enhances motivational aspects of learning whereas problem solving only does not positively affect students’ motivation at all.  相似文献   

Implicit intelligence beliefs of computer science students: Exploring change across the semester     

《Contemporary educational psychology》2017

This study investigated introductory computer science (CS1) students’ implicit beliefs of intelligence. Referencing Dweck and Leggett’s (1988) framework for implicit beliefs of intelligence, we examined how (1) students’ implicit beliefs changed over the course of a semester, (2) these changes differed as a function of course enrollment and students’ motivated self-regulated engagement profile, and (3) implicit beliefs predicted student learning based on standardized course grades and performance on a computational thinking knowledge test. For all students, there were significant increases in entity beliefs and significant decreases in incremental beliefs across the semester. However, examination of effect sizes suggests that significant findings for change across time were driven by changes in specific subpopulations of students. Moreover, results showed that students endorsed incremental belief more strongly than entity belief at both the beginning and end of the semester. Furthermore, the magnitude of changes differed based on students’ motivated self-regulated engagement profiles. Additionally, students’ achievement outcomes were weakly predicted by their implicit beliefs of intelligence. Finally, results showed that the relationship between changes in implicit intelligence beliefs and student achievement varied across different CS1 courses. Theoretical implications for implicit intelligence beliefs and recommendations for STEM educators are discussed.  相似文献   

The effects of mental fatigue on cricket-relevant performance among elite players     

Darren Veness  Stephen David Patterson  Owen Jeffries 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(24):2461-2467

This study investigated the effects of a mentally fatiguing test on physical tasks among elite cricketers. In a cross-over design, 10 elite male cricket players from a professional club performed a cricket run-two test, a Batak Lite reaction time test and a Yo-Yo-Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (Yo-Yo-IR1) test, providing a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after completing a 30-min Stroop test (mental fatigue condition) or 30-min control condition. Perceived fatigue was assessed before and after the two conditions and motivation was measured before testing. There were post-treatment differences in the perception of mental fatigue (P < 0.001; d = ?7.82, 95% CIs = ?9.05–6.66; most likely). Cricket run-two (P = 0.002; d = ?0.51, 95% CIs = ?0.72–0.30; very likely), Yo-Yo-IR1 distance (P = 0.023; d = 0.39, 95% CIs = 0.14–0.64; likely) and RPE (P = 0.001; d = ?1.82, 95% CIs = ?2.49–1.14; most likely) were negatively affected by mental fatigue. The Batak Lite test was not affected (P = 0.137), yet a moderate (d = 0.41, 95% CIs = ?0.05–0.87) change was likely. Mental fatigue, induced by an app-based Stroop test, negatively affected cricket-relevant performance.  相似文献   

城市居民体育活动参与动机的阻碍性因素实证分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张宏伟  虞荣娟 《四川体育科学》2010,(1)

通过调查问卷及spss分析表明:苏州城市居民参与体育活动之阻碍因素以"环境因素"为第1位:不同性别的阻碍的因素在"环境因素"、"气候因素"和"社会因素"3个维度上差异具有统计学意义;不同年龄的阻碍因素在5个维度中差异具有统计学意义;不同区域、不同社会阶层的阻碍因素其虽差异无统计学意义,但其首要阻碍因素却有着不同之处;不同学历在生理因素、气候因素和社会因素,其差异具有统计学意义;不同社会阶层的阻碍因素上差异无统计学意义.  相似文献   

儿童身体锻炼的心理效应     

肖磊  林泰昌  陈作松 《福建体育科技》2003,22(4):20-22

儿童锻炼的心理效应的研究主要集中在身体锻炼的心理前因、身体锻炼与儿童体能、自尊、应激的关系等方面。大部分的研究表明 ,尽管儿童身体锻炼的动机存在着文化差异 ,但获得愉快感是儿童参加身体锻炼的主要动机之一 ,同时 ,内部动机是儿童坚持身体锻炼的重要因素 ;身体锻炼可能是造成儿童体能存在年龄与性别差异的重要原因 ;合理身体锻炼可以提高儿童的自尊或自尊的某一维度 ;儿童应激反应存在“过度反应模式” ,身体锻炼可以降低儿童不良的应激反应。  相似文献