Media-Broker Diplomacy: When Journalists Become Mediators     

Eytan Gilboa 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2013,30(2):99-120

This analysis of the involvement of journalists in international conflict resolution presents a conceptual model that applies theories and models from both negotiation and communication. Each variant of the model—direct intervention, bridging, and secret mediation—has contributed to conflict resolution in a different way. The model also includes three parameters: action, initiation, and consequences. Findings from eight case studies raise difficult professional, practical, and ethical questions for negotiators, policymakers, and journalists.  相似文献   

Developing Attitudes towards Science Measures     

Per Kind  Karen Jones 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):871-893

In this study, we describe the development of measures used to examine pupils’ attitudes towards science. In particular, separate measures for attitudes towards the following areas were developed: learning science in school, practical work in science, science outside of school, importance of science, self‐concept in science, and future participation in science. In developing these measures, criticisms of previous attitude studies in science education were noted. In particular, care was taken over the definition of each of the attitude constructs, and also ensuring that each of the constructs was unidimensional. Following an initial piloting process, pupils aged 11–14 from five secondary schools throughout England completed questionnaires containing the attitude measures. These questionnaires were completed twice by pupils in these schools, with a gap of four weeks between the first and second measurements. Altogether, 932 pupils completed the first questionnaire and 668 pupils completed the second one. Factor analysis carried out on the resulting data confirmed the unidimensionality of the separate attitude constructs. Also, it was found that three of the constructs—learning science in school, science outside of school, and future participation in science—loaded on one general attitude towards science factor. Further analysis showed that all the measures showed high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.7). A particular strength of the approach used in this study was that it allowed for attitude measures to be built up step‐by‐step, therefore allowing for the future consideration of other relevant constructs.  相似文献   

Solving problems: young children exploring the rules of the game     

Gill Hope 《Curriculum Journal》2013,24(3):265-278

This article is not a review of the problem-solving literature but instead explores the idea of children developing problem-solving tactics as learning to applying the ‘rules of the game’, based on Wittgenstein's concept of ‘language games’. The kind of learning under discussion here is not learning of facts. I will not be discussing how we learn to recite the two times table but, rather, the dawning of understanding of what those facts mean: when a child realizes that the two times table divides up the whole universe into sets of either odds or evens. The necessity of accepting the rules of the game in order to perceive relevancy in determining problem-solutions was illustrated by Donaldson's (1992) work with small children. The existence of general rules, and hence generic problem-solving skills, is discussed and a model for problem-solving is suggested. The article concludes with some observations on the role of rule-breaking in discovery and invention. Examples are taken from the author's observations of young children in English classrooms.  相似文献   

Retention,persistence and success in on‐campus higher education,and their enhancement in open and distance learning   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

Mantz Yorke 《Open Learning》2013,28(1):19-32

Terms such as retention and persistence reflect the interests of different parties. Much of the empirical and theoretical literature deals with retention from a ‘supply‐side’ perspective. This article has three main sections. The first consists of a summary of recent empirical findings from surveys of students who left their on‐campus programmes prematurely. The second section, which discusses a range of theoretical formulations, begins to shift the thrust of the article from on‐campus programmes towards open and distance learning. The third considers some implications for persistence in open and distance learning that follow from the preceding two main sections. The article concludes by stressing the importance of the student experience.  相似文献   

西伯利亚地区主要森林优势树种生物量相对生长模型     

邵彬  姚予龙  吴良  欧阳华 《资源科学》2018,40(11):2195-2201

西伯利亚地区的主要森林优势树种有欧洲赤松（Pinus sylvestris L.）、西伯利亚落叶松（Larix sibirica Ledeb.）、凯杨德落叶松（Larix cajanderi Maye）、西伯利亚红松（Pinus sibirica Mayr）、西伯利亚云杉（Picea obovata Ldb.）、西伯利亚冷杉（Abies sibirica Ledeb.）、欧洲山杨（Populus tremula L.）、欧洲白桦（Betula pendula Roth）等。利用IIASA和俄罗斯著名学者V.A.Usol’tsev的专著等提供的森林优势树种样地实测数据和生物量实测数据,西伯利亚地区7个森林优势树种的林分平均林木区域尺度上的生物量相对生长模型已成功构建。精度分析结果表明,7个树种的树干（带皮）和地上生物量模型完全满足计算这些树种样地生物量和植被碳储量的需要;除西伯利亚红松外的其它6个树种的树枝、树叶的生物量模型可以用于样地内林木主要营养器官生物量的计算;欧洲赤松、西伯利亚红松、西伯利亚冷杉和欧洲山杨的地下生物量模型也已达到实际应用的精度要求。区域尺度上样本数对生物量模型构建的响应与局地尺度上的响应在有限样本条件下可能略有不同。  相似文献   

对莫迪利阿尼-米勒定理的修正     

刘瑛  李越 《郧阳师范高等专科学校学报》2009,29(3):32-34

莫迪利阿尼-米勒定理为公司理财提供了科学的论证方法但其本身也存在一定缺陷．在莫迪利阿尼-米勒定理的基础上对其内容进行了修正和完善,以使得其更符合公司理财所处的环境．  相似文献   

Secondary students’ modelling conceptualisation in situations related to particle dynamics: a clinical perspective     

Juliana Machado  Marco Braga 《International Journal of Science Education》2018,40(13):1606-1628

This study investigates the modelling conceptualisation of secondary school students in two situations related to particle dynamics: pendulum’s motion and horizontal motion. We performed in-depth clinical interviews with secondary school students (N?=?10). Participants’ ideas about properties which are not ‘given’ in empirical observations were explored in order to investigate signs of abstractions and idealisations in their reasoning processes. We proposed contributions to modelling in science education based on Mario Bunge’s epistemology and we employed his basic concepts as the axis to analyse our results: (1) abstractions and idealisations, considered as thought processes required to build conceptual counterparts of concrete objects; (2) theoretical models, meaning hypothetico-deductive systems concerning those conceptual objects; and (3) general theoretical frameworks that allow us to derive those theoretical models. We developed our analysis viewing the ideas presented by participants as concepts-in-action and theorems-in-action as regarded by Gérard Vergnaud’s Theory of Conceptual Fields. Results indicated a gradation in the concepts-in-action mobilised in terms of levels of idealisation and showed that participants do not spontaneously recognise the use of a general theory as a possible way to obtain a theoretical model. These results suggest that science education practices must pay better attention to make abstractions and idealisations explicit in scientific concepts formation, as well as to the heuristic role of theories in model construction.  相似文献   

基于科研能力培养的《模式识别原理与应用》教学改革     

黄传波  韩承雪 《商丘职业技术学院学报》2014,(5):20-22

随着模式识别技术的迅速发展，其重要的学术价值和广泛的应用领域越来越受到人们的重视。培养具备良好科研能力和素养的研究型人才已成为模式识别课程的主要教学目标。文章对当前模式识别课程教学模式和方法进行简单剖析，结合学校实际在优化教学模式和教学内容、整合教学资源、调整实践教学方法等方面提出了相应的改革思路，旨在激发学生对模式识别课程学习的主动性，培养学生的创新思维能力，提高其综合运用相关知识的能力。  相似文献   

经济写作中的思维模式     

阳海洲 《贵州教育学院学报》2003,19(6):68-70

经济写作中，要以崭新的思维方式，推动最优信息载体的孕育和诞生。纵向思维、横向思维、多元思维和创造性思维具有其科学性，是经济写作思维的崭新横式。  相似文献   

成人依恋研究述评   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱海东 《宜宾学院学报》2007,7(3):91-93

依恋形成于婴幼儿时期,持续人的整个一生,是人类长期生物进化的结果。早期的依恋形式会通过内部工作模型影响到成年后的依恋模式,影响亲密关系的形成,人际社会功能的表达及人格功能。成人依恋已逐步成为一个跨越心理学各领域的热门研究课题。  相似文献