Managing indigenous knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in developing countries: Knowledge management approaches in the social context     

Edda Tandi Lwoga  Patrick Ngulube  Christine Stilwell 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(3):174-185

This paper is based on a PhD study (Lwoga, 2009) that sought to assess the application of knowledge management (KM) approaches in managing indigenous knowledge (IK) for sustainable agricultural practices in developing countries, with a specific focus on Tanzania. This study used a mixed-research method which was conducted in six districts of Tanzania. Non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups were used to collect primary data from small-scale farmers in the selected districts. A total of 181 farmers participated in the semi-structured interviews, where the respondents ranged between 27 and 37 per district. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted in the selected districts. The study revealed that IK was acquired and shared within a small, weak and spontaneous network, and thus knowledge loss was prevalent in the surveyed communities. There were distinct variations in the acquisition of agricultural IK both in different locations and between genders. Information and communication technologies (ICT), culture, trust, and status influenced the sharing and distribution of IK in the surveyed communities. The research findings showed that KM models can be used to manage and integrate IK with other knowledge systems, taking the differences into account (for example, gender, location, culture, infrastructure). The paper concludes with recommendations for the application of KM approaches for the management of IK and its integration with other knowledge systems for agricultural development in developing countries, including Tanzania.  相似文献   

Teachers' Beliefs and Self-Reported Use of Inquiry in Science Education in Public Primary Schools     

Maria Lucero  Martin Valcke  Tammy Schellens 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(8):1407-1423

This paper describes Ecuadorian in-service teachers and their science teaching practices in public primary schools. We wanted to find out to what extent teachers implement inquiry activities in science teaching, the level of support they provide, and what type of inquiry they implement. Four questionnaires applied to 173 teachers resulted in the identification of high context beliefs and moderately high self-efficacy beliefs. Teachers declared to implement activities mostly to develop understanding of the material, as contrast to actual manipulation of data and/or coming to conclusions. They adopt rather a strictly guided approach in contrast to giving autonomy to learners to work on their own. Finally, teachers keep control with regard to question formulation and choice in solution procedures, which constrains the development of real inquiry. When comparing teacher beliefs, we found that teachers' context beliefs make a difference in the level of support that teachers provide to their students. Teachers with lower context beliefs ask students to perform inquiry activities on their own to a lesser extent when compared with teachers with higher context beliefs. This implies that further research on the implementation of inquiry in science teaching should take into account teachers' differences in their context beliefs. We also found out that the use of high or low support in inquiry activities remained the same for teachers with either higher or lower self-efficacy beliefs.  相似文献   

The assessment of the readiness of five countries to implement child maltreatment prevention programs on a large scale     

Christopher Mikton  Mick Power  Marija Raleva  Mokhantso Makoae  Majid Al Eissa  Irene Cheah  Nancy Cardia  Claire Choo  Maha Almuneef 《Child abuse & neglect》2013

This study aimed to systematically assess the readiness of five countries – Brazil, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa – to implement evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs on a large scale. To this end, it applied a recently developed method called Readiness Assessment for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment based on two parallel 100-item instruments. The first measures the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs concerning child maltreatment prevention of key informants; the second, completed by child maltreatment prevention experts using all available data in the country, produces a more objective assessment readiness. The instruments cover all of the main aspects of readiness including, for instance, availability of scientific data on the problem, legislation and policies, will to address the problem, and material resources. Key informant scores ranged from 31.2 (Brazil) to 45.8/100 (the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) and expert scores, from 35.2 (Brazil) to 56/100 (Malaysia). Major gaps identified in almost all countries included a lack of professionals with the skills, knowledge, and expertise to implement evidence-based child maltreatment programs and of institutions to train them; inadequate funding, infrastructure, and equipment; extreme rarity of outcome evaluations of prevention programs; and lack of national prevalence surveys of child maltreatment. In sum, the five countries are in a low to moderate state of readiness to implement evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs on a large scale. Such an assessment of readiness – the first of its kind – allows gaps to be identified and then addressed to increase the likelihood of program success.  相似文献   

论康有为的物质救国思想     

张涛光 《华南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,6(6):3-6,51

1905年康有为写了《物质救国论》一书,系统地阐述了物质救国思想,提出了一系列发展科技和实业的策略,以拯救垂危的国家,体现了康有为炽热的爱国激情,实事求是的开放精神,对科技的作用和意义的深邃认识。他的物质救国思想不仅对现代中国人仍有启迪,而且让人们更完整更具体地认识这位杰出的历史人物。  相似文献   

芦荟的开发利用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘慧莲  马成亮 《昌潍师专学报》2000,(2)

本文对芦荟的形态特征、习性进行了概述,从观赏、药用、美容、保健作用四方面论述了它的开发利用。  相似文献   

新时期女性文学的发展轨迹     

宫雁冰 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2000,(1)

在不同历史发展阶段 ,女性文学都有不同于以前阶段的表现形式和发展特点。本文阐述了中国的女性文学含义及在新时期的特点 ,并划阶段分析了女作家的创作道路和思维方式的转变 ,从中可以看出女性文学发展并不是一成不变的 ,而且它的发展也不是一帆风顺的  相似文献   

世纪之交图书情报自动化系统发展的几大趋势   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

张智雄 《现代图书情报技术》2000,16(3):3-5

阐述了世纪之交图书情报自动化系统发展的几大趋势。作者认为, 随着21 世纪的到来, 图书情报自动化在开发思路、开发内容、技术标准、指导理论等等方面, 都显示出许多新的发展趋势。  相似文献   

论我国保龄球运动经营现状与发展趋势   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐道玉  吴崇强 《武汉体育学院学报》1999,(3)

为保证我国保龄球运动健康发展,促进保龄球运动水平的不断提高,本文就目前国内保龄球馆的经营现状与保龄球运动的发展趋势进行分析探讨,以求得到各界同仁的关心与重视  相似文献   

青海省共和县水资源开发利用中存在的问题与对策     

张海红 《青海科技》1999,6(1):31-32,45

合理开发和利用水资源,对一个地区经济持协调发展具有非常重要的作用。文章分析了笮共和县水资源数量、分布特点及开发利用中存在的问题,提出了进一步开发和利用水资源应采取的对策。  相似文献   

职业教育发展路径的选择与反思          下载免费PDF全文

马庆发 《上海教育评估研究》2013,2(2):10-14

职业教育作为与经济社会联系最密切的一种教育类型,支撑“新四化”（新型工业化、信息化、城镇化和农业现代化）的实现,在推进实现“中国梦”的进程中具有不可替代的重要作用和不可或缺的支柱性能量。本文从审视现实开始,指出当前职业教育存在的病态,分析了产生病态的制度、社会、经济、学生和学校方面原因,提出解决这些问题需要加强“顶层设计”、推进体制改革和“强师固基”工程,文章指出发展应聚焦职业教育的结构性改革,探究职业教育梦的实现途径  相似文献