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摘要:概述美国运动医学第64th年会的主要内容和目标;归纳“机体对运动反应/适应的生物网络”研究的报告热点;介绍美国国立卫生院资助项目,“人类体力活动的分子传感器”的研究设计和组成。建立各取所长、分工合作的研发联盟是进行运动促进健康分子机制研究的必要途径;基于集合最新研究技术和分析方法,从宏观到微观再到宏观,从整体到局部再到整体的整合性系统实验设计是链接运动益处与其作用机制的桥梁。在未来,该领域的研究成果不仅仅是精准运动的实现、运动依存性的提高和对慢性病的辅助治疗,同时如果能够发现传递运动益处的分子,研发成产品,这必将会为人类健康产生深远影响。  相似文献   
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Several genetic loci have been associated with risk of Achilles tendon pathology (ATP) within South African and Australian populations. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate eight previously implicated genetic variants in an independent British population. A total of 130 asymptomatic controls (CON) and 112 participants clinically diagnosed with ATP comprising 87 individuals with chronic Achilles tendinopathy (TEN) and 25 with Achilles tendon ruptures (RUP) were included. All participants were genotyped for variants within the COL5A1, MIR608, IL-1β, IL-6 and CASP8 genes. Primary findings implicated COL5A1 and CASP8. Three inferred allele combinations constructed from COL5A1 rs12722, rs3196378 and rs71746744 were identified as risk modifiers. The T–C–D combination was associated with increased risk of ATP (= 0.023) and RUP (< 0.001), the C–A–I combination was associated with increased risk of ATP (= 0.011), TEN (P = 0.011) and RUP (= 0.011) and the C–C–D combination was associated with decreased risk of ATP (= 0.011) and RUP (= 0.004). The CASP8 rs3834129 DD genotype was associated with decreased risk of TEN (= 0.020, odds ratio: 0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.22–0.90) and the CASP8 I–G (rs3834129–rs1045485) inferred allele combination was associated with increased risk of TEN (= 0.031). This study further highlights the importance of polymorphisms within COL5A1 and CASP8 in the aetiology of ATP.  相似文献   
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目的:探讨17β-雌二醇(E2)调节人绒毛癌细胞系JEG-3的microRNA的表达.方法:定量PCR检测E2对microRNA的表达.结果E2能够促进JEG-3 miR16、miR126、miR335、miR451、miR491-5p、miR-520g和miR612的表达,降低miR-26b和miR-29b的表达.结论:E2能够对JEG-3细胞的microRNA表达产生调节作用,提示我们在妊娠过程中E2可以通过调节microRNA来影响滋养层细胞增殖、迁移、浸润和血管重塑等功能,并可能为探讨子痫前期等的发病机制提供线索.  相似文献   
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The microRNA miR396 directly represses GROWTH-REGULATING FACTORs (OsGRFs) and has been implicated in regulating rice yield and in nitrogen assimilation. Overexpressing the miR396 targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6 improves rice yield via increased grain size and panicle branching, respectively. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to assess the function of miR396 genes in rice. Knockout of MIR396ef (MIR396e and MIR396f), but not other isoforms, enhanced both grain size and panicle branching, resulting in increased grain yield. Importantly, under nitrogen-deficient conditions, mir396ef mutants showed an even higher relative increase in grain yield as well as elevated above-ground biomass. Furthermore, we identified OsGRF8 as a new target of miR396, in addition to the known targets OsGRF4 and OsGRF6. Disruption of the miR396-targeting site in OsGRF8 was sufficient to both enlarge grain size and elongate panicles. Our results suggest that rice-seed and panicle development are regulated by miR396ef-GRF4/6/8-GIF1/2/3 modules and that miR396ef are promising targets of genome editing for breeding environmentally friendly rice varieties that require less nitrogen fertilization.  相似文献   
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非编码RNA参与了多种重要的生命进程,是当今研究的热点领域。在植物中,非编码RNA除了参与维持基因组的稳定,还在生长、发育、逆境胁迫反应等过程中发挥重要作用。RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是指由RNA触发的相应基因的表达抑制,是非编码RNA调控基因表达的一种重要的作用方式,自发现以来已逐渐发展为遗传分析、疾病治疗以及植物保护等方面的有效的新技术。文章重点介绍了微RNA(micro RNA,mi RNA)在植物抗虫防御中的生物学功能,si RNA对植物防御记忆的影响以及RNAi对植物防御信号途径的调节作用,同时阐述了RNAi在提高农作物抗虫性上的应用并展望了未来植物非编码RNA的研究方向。  相似文献   
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